2024年人教版英语中考话题复习课件主题九　灾害防范

范畴三人与自然主题九灾害防范Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions：1．Whatnaturaldisastershaveyoueverheardoforexperienced?2．Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthetsunami(海啸)?Lead-in自然灾害——海啸Ifyou'veeverswuminthepool,you'veprobablyenjoyedcreatingyourownwaves.Theharderyoupushwithyourhands,thebiggerthewaveswillbe.Whenagreatearthquakehappensundertheoceanfloor,theearthquake'slargeenergyistransferred(转移)tothewateraboveit,creating①aseriesofwaterwavescalledatsunami.Theword②comesfromtheJapanesewordstsu(harbor)andnami(wave).中考考点讲练Normaloceanwaveshaveanaveragewavelength(波长)ofabout100metersandanaverageheightofabout2meters,whileatsunamicanhaveawavelengthof193kilometersormore.Travellingatuptoabout800kilometersperhourinthedeepocean,atsunamimightbeataheightofaslittleas0.9meters.▲

Asatsunamiapproaches(接近)acoastline，things③begintochangegreatly.Asitapproachesshallow(浅的)waters,thewavespeeddropsbelowabout80kilometersperhour.Thewavelengthalsoreducesmuch,butamplitude—theheightofthewave—increasesgreatly,④leadingtothehugewallofwateralongcoastlines,which⑤causesgreatdamagetocoastalareas.About80%oftsunamishappeninthePacificOcean.Tsunamiscannotbestopped,butareasthatexperiencetsunamisregularlyhavedevelopedtsunamiwarningsystemstogiveasmuchwarningaspossibletopeoplewholivealongthecoastline.Forexample,therearetsunamiwarningsignsandwarningsirens(警报器)ontopofnearbyhillsalongJapanesecoastlines.AndmanyJapanesecoastalcommunitieshavebuilttsunamiwalls,floodgatesandotherstostoporchangethedirectionofwaterfromincomingtsunamis.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海啸是如何形成的，海啸带来的强大危害以及人们是如何应对海啸的。

根据文章内容完成下列各题1．WhydoesthewritermentionswimminginthepoolinParagraph1？()A．Tohelpreadersunderstandtsunamisbetter.B．Tointroduceacommonhabitamongpeople.C．Toshowhowpowerfulanearthquakeis.D．Toexplainhowwaterwavescomeintobeing.【解析】推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，文章通过介绍“我”们游泳时产生的波浪让人们更形象地理解海啸。故选A。A2．

Whichsentencecanbeputinthe“

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”？()A．Tsunamisarealwaysnotaspowerfulasearthquakes.B．Sothereisnoneedtoworryaboutatsunami.C.Itmakesitalmostimpossibletobenoticed,evenforashipinthearea.D．Sometimesatsunamimayhavelittleinfluenceonpeople'slife.【解析】句子还原题。由空格前一句“Travellingatuptoabout800kilometersperhourinthedeepocean,atsunamimightbeataheightofaslittleas0.9meters.”可知，空格处表示这样人们就很难发现海啸的到来。故选C。C3．

Thelastparagraphismainlyabout

．()A．howtostudytsunamisB．wheretsunamisalwayshappenC．whattsunamiwarningsystemsincludeD．howtoreducedamagecausedbytsunamis【解析】段落大意题。最后一段主要介绍了一些应对海啸的方法：安装报警器、建海啸墙、防洪闸等，这些都是减少海啸危害的措施。故选D。D

理清文章结构和内容，完成思维导图

好词好句积累在文中画出下列词组或句型，翻译并仿写与主题相关的句子。①aseriesof______仿写：中国宣布了一系列措施来应对自然灾害。_________________________________________________________________一系列Chinahasannouncedaseriesofmeasurestodealwithnaturaldisasters.②comefrom____仿写：人类也是动物。我们都来自大自然。_________________________________________________________________③begintodosth.__________

仿写：随着气温的升高，一些冰开始融化。_________________________________________________________________来自Humansarealsoanimals.Weallcomefromnature.开始做某事Asthetemperaturerises,someoftheicebeginstomelt.④leadto____仿写：自然灾害都可能导致巨大的损失。_________________________________________________________________⑤causegreatdamageto____________________仿写：这次地震给人们的生活造成了极大的损失。_________________________________________________________________导致Naturaldisastersallmayleadtohugeloss.给……造成极大的损害Theearthquakecausedgreatdamagetopeople'slife.Ⅰ.完形填空

自然灾害——地震Ilookedatmywatch.Itwastentosix.Therewasjusttenminutesleftbeforewecouldleaveforhome.Suddenlytheearthbegantoshake.Innotimetheshakebecamevery

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.“Earthquake！”someoneshouted.I

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theotherstothedoorbutwecouldn'tgetout.Istayedunderadesk,coveringmyheadandneckwithmyarms.“Willsomeonesaveme

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thebuildingfallsdown？”Ikeptthinkingaboutthat.主题素养提升()1.A．weak B．far C．strong D．strict

【解析】考查形容词辨析。weak“弱的”；far“远的”；strong“强烈的”；strict“严格的”。由下文“Earthquake！”可知，震动变得强烈。故选C。C

()2.A．allowed B．followed C．waited D．refused

【解析】考查动词辨析。allow“允许”；follow“跟着”；wait“等待”；refuse“拒绝”。由下文“theotherstothedoor”可知，应该是跟着其他人到门口。故选B。B

()3.A．since B．until C．if D．unless【解析】考查连词辨析。since“自从”；until“直到”；if“如果”；unless“除非”。“thebuildingfallsdown”是“Willsomeonesaveme”的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选C。C

Severalminuteslater,theshakestopped.Weran

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tothestreet.Itwassucha(n)

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thatwecouldn'tbelieveoureyes—thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)andbrokenwood.Moreandmorepeoplecameoutandmanyofthemwereinjured.Lotsofthemdid

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butlookedupintotheskyinshock.()4.A．wisely B．quickly C．quietly D．widely

【解析】考查副词辨析。wisely“明智地”；quickly“快速地”；quietly“安静地”；widely“广泛地”。由常识可知在地震停止后，应快速跑到街上。故选B。B

()5.A．mess B．accident C．problem D．matter【解析】考查名词辨析。mess“混乱”；accident“事故”；problem“问题”；matter“事情”。由下文“thestreetwasfullofdebris(碎片)andbrokenwood”可知，街上很乱。故选A。A

()6.A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something【解析】考查代词辨析。everything“每件事”；anything“任何事”；nothing“没有事”；something“某事”。由空格所在句“Lotsofthemdid…butlookedupintotheskyinshock.”可知，地震的时候除了震惊，什么都做不了，nothingbut意为“什么都没有，只是……”。故选C。C

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insuchasituationwasdifficult.Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake.Soitwas

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tofindoutifourfriendswereokay.IhadnowayoflettingmyfamilyinChina

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thatIwasstillalive.Ijusthopedthattheywouldn'thearabouttheearthquakeuntilthenextday.()7.A．Communication B．Discussion C．Education D．Conversation

【解析】考查名词辨析。communication“通信；交流”；discussion“讨论”；education“教育”；conversation“谈话”。由下文“Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake.”可知，电话不能用了，故通讯很困难。故选A。A()8.A．necessary B．impossible C．important D．meaningful【解析】考查形容词辨析。necessary“必需的”；impossible“不可能的”；important“重要的”；meaningful“有意义的”。由上文“Ourphonesdidn'tworkbecauseoftheearthquake.”可知，电话不能用了，所以不可能知道朋友是否安全。故选B。B()9.A．remember B．imagine C．know D．explain【解析】考查动词辨析。remember“记得”；imagine“想像”；know“知道”；explain“解释”。由下文“Ijusthopedthattheywouldn'thearabouttheearthquakeuntilthenextday.”可知，是让家人知道自己没事。故选C。C

Finally,Irealizedthatpeople's

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seemsosmallandfragile(脆弱的)whenwefacethenaturaldisaster.Soaslongaswearealive,weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwewanttodoandlivehappily.()10.A．futures B．choices C．careers D．lives【解析】考查名词辨析。future“未来”；choice“选择”；career“事业”；life“生命”。由后一句“Soaslongaswearealive,weshouldtryourbesttodowhatwewanttodoandlivehappily.”可知，此处表示生命是脆弱的。故选D。D【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一次地震中的所见所感。Ⅱ.阅读理解【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了应对炎热天气的一些方法。1．Howtoavoidheat-relateddeathsaccordingtothematerial？()①Drinkwater.②Staycool.③Goswimming.④Wearlight-coloredclothes.A．①②③ B．①②④C．①③④ D．②③④【解析】细节理解题。由“HOWTOAVOID”中内容可知，要喝足够的水，待在凉爽的室内以及穿轻便或浅色的衣服来应对炎热天气。故选B。B2．

Whichonecanshowtherelationshipbetweentimeandthetemperatureinacar？()C【解析】图片理解题。由“OutsideTemperature27℃”下面的图及内容可知，选项C的变化图与之相符。故选C。3．

What'sthepurposeofthematerial？()A．Towarnpeoplenottostayinacar.B．Totellpeopletheimportanceofextremeheat.C．Toremindpeopletowearlightweightclothes.D．Toteachpeoplehowtopreventheat-relateddeaths.【解析】写作意图题。本文主要介绍了应对炎热天气的一些方法，结合“Heat-relateddeathscanbeprevented.”可知，是教人们如何预防与高温有关的死亡。故选D。D4．Whenisthehighesttemperatureonthegroundduringtheday?________________________________________________________________Atabout2:00p．m.5．Doyouknowothermethodstobeattheheatinyourdailylife?Listmorethantwomethods.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Putabasinofcoolwaterinhotplaces.Avoidgoingoutbetween10a．m.and2p．m.Whenyougoout,wearsunscreen.Takeashowerfromtimetotime.Eatsomefoodthatcankeepyourbodycool.(本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可)Ⅲ.任务型阅读自然灾害与防范措施Seriousfloods(洪水)havesweptsouthernprovincessuchasGuangdong,Guangxi,FujianandJiangxiinChinain2022.Morethanhundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavebeeninfluenced.Sowheninthefaceofaflashflood,whatshouldwedotokeepsafe?Beforeaflood①Makeanemergencykit(应急包)includingwater,canned(罐装的)food,aflashlightandafirst-aidkit.Keepitinaneasy-to-reachplace.Putyourvaluables(suchasmoney,gold．..)inwaterproof(防水的)bagsandkeepthemsomewheresafe.DuringafloodLookoutforfloodwarnings.②Headtohighergroundandstaythere.Don'ttrytowalkordrivethroughfloodedareas,astheycanbedeeperthanyourealize.Leaveyourcarassoonaspossible.AfterafloodDon'treturnhomeatonce.Keepfollowingthelatestlocalnews.③Rememberthatviruses(病毒)canspreadafteraflood.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当洪水暴发时，我们应该做些什么来保证自己的安全。1．Isthereanymedicineintheemergencykit?_________________________________________________________________【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Makeanemergencykit(应急包)includingwater,canned(罐装的)food,aflashlightandafirst-aidkit.”可知，应急包里有水、罐装食物、一个手电筒和一个急救箱，由常识可知，急救箱中一般都会急救用的药物。Yes./Yes,thereis.2．Whenafloodcomes,whatshouldyoudo?

_________________________________________________________________【解析】细节理解题。由Duringaflood下面的“Headtohighergroundandstaythere.”可知，当洪水到来时，应该往高处走，并待在那里。Headtohighergroundandstaythere.3．Accordingtothepassage,whatwillspreadafteraflood?_______________________________________________________________【解析】细节理解题。由Afteraflood下面的“Rememberthatviruses(病毒)canspreadafteraflood.”可知，病毒会在洪水过后传播，我们应该保护自己免受病毒侵袭。Viruses.4．Doyouthinkyoushouldleaveyourcarasquicklyaspossibleduringaflood？Whyorwhynot?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【解析】本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。

Yes,Ido.Becauseit'sverydangerous.Itwon'thelpyouifitgetsstuckinthewater./No,Idon't.Idon'twanttolosemycar.Ispentmuchmoneyonit.AndIcandrivethroughfloodedareas.Ⅳ.短文填空自然灾害与防范措施EveryyearintheU.S.thereareabout500tornadoes,anaturaldisaster(灾害；灾难),fromTexasthroughOklahoma,Kansas,Nebraska,lowaandintoSouthDakota.That'swhythisareais1.__________________“TornadoAlley”．【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少动词的过去分词，与“is”构成被动语态。再由“TornadoAlley”可知，此处表示“这就是为什么这个地区被称为‘龙卷风通道’”。故填called/named。called/namedThe“tornadoseason”isusuallyinspring,butthepeopleinTornadoAlleyarealwaysready2.______themandtheyalwayslistentothenews.Whenthewarningscome,peoplefollowtheirdisasterplans.Theyfindsomewheresafetostay.Athome,thebest3.__________isthebasement—aroomthatisusedtostorethingsundertheleveloftheground.Ifthereisnobasement,aroomwithoutwindowslikethebathroomis4.________asafeplace.forplacealso2．【解析】bereadyfor是固定搭配，意为“为……做好准备”。故填for。3．【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少名词。由空后的“thebasement”和上下文语境可知，此处表示“在家里，最好的地方是地下室”。故填place。4．【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少副词。由上文语境可知，此句意为“如果没有地下室，像浴室这样没有窗户的房间也是一个安全的地方”。在肯定句中，表示“也”之意，且在be动词后。故填also。“Atschool,weoftenhavepractice.Thenwecangetreadyandwon’t5.______________afraidwhenthere’satornado，”saysTiffanyTaylor,ahighschoolstudentfromTexas.“There'snobasementatmyschool,6.____weusuallygotothehallwaysonthelowestfloors.Ofcourse,weneversitnearthewindows.”feel/beso5．【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少动词原形。由空格后的“afraid”可知，此处是系表结构，结合句子语境可知，此处表示“感到害怕”。故填feel或be。6．【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少连词。前半句说“在我的学校没有地下室”，后半句说“我们通常去最底层的走廊”。前后句之间是因果关系。故填so。Afterthetornado,peoplefirstchecktoseeifitis7.________togooutandthentheycheckthebuildingsandtheareafordamage.Andusuallythereisalotofdamage.【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少形容词作表语。由空格后的“togoout”并结合常识可知，龙卷风之后，人们在出去之前肯定要先