高中英语选择性必修一《UNIT 5 Working the Land》导学案

高中英语选择性必修一《UNIT5WorkingtheLand》导学案【话题导入】Honorthe“FatherofHybridRice”YuanLongpingAstheoldChinesesayinggoes,“Humanity'smostfundamentalrelationshipiswithwhatweeat.”AlthoughfoodhasplayedanimportantpartinChinesecultureforyears,hungerhadbeenahugeprobleminthecountryuntilthe1970s.However,theChinesescientistYuanLongpinghelpedtofixthisproblem.OnSept8,2018Yuan,togetherwithtwootherscientists,wonChina's2018FutureSciencePrize,forhiscontinuousresearchonrice.Evenonhis88thbirthdayonSept7,hetookpartintheInternationalDevelopmentForumofRiceProductioninHunanprovince.Althoughhewasrecoveringfromanillnessatthetime,hewashappytotalktoreportersabouthislatestworkwithseawaterrice.Yuanhasbeenconductingresearchonricesincehewasatcollege.In1964,hediscoveredanaturalhybridriceplant.Sincethen,hehasfocusedondevelopinghigh­yield,hybridricevarieties.ThesevarietiesnowaccountforabouttwothirdsofChina'sricecrop,accordingtoChinaNews.So,it'snowonderthathe'sknownasthe“FatherofHybridRice”．AndthankstoChina'sBeltandRoadInitiative,Yuan'shybridriceishelpingtosolvefoodproblemsaroundtheworld.Indeed,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency,hybridriceplantsinKenyaproducefourtofivetimesmorericethanthecountry'sregularriceplants.Witharisingreputationaroundtheworld,YuandeliveredaspeechinEnglishatthe9thShandongHigh­LevelTalentsForuminQingdaoin2017.ThehumbleYuanwassimplybeingmodestduringhisspeech.Accordingtoa1999articlebyCNN,thescientistspeaksbothEnglishandRussianfluently.“IneverneedaninterpreterwhenIgooverseas，”hetoldtheUSnewsnetwork.Butinspiteofhisgreatknowledge,Yuanunderstandsthateventhewisestpeopleshouldstillbeopentolearningnewthings.“Thefarmersofourcountrypossessrichexperienceinplantingrice，”hetoldXinhua.“Weshouldlearnfromthem.”开启快乐学习之旅致敬“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平中国古语有云：“民以食为天。”尽管美食向来都是中国文化的重要组成部分，但在20世纪70年代以前，饥荒曾一直是我国的一大问题。而中国科学家袁隆平则致力于解决这一问题。2018年9月8日，袁隆平与另外两名科学家获得我国2018未来科学奖，以表彰其对水稻从未止步的研究。而在9月7袁隆平在大学时代便展开了水稻研究。1964年，他找到了一株“天然杂交水稻”。从那时起，他便专注于培育高产的杂交水稻品种。据中国新闻网报道，这些品种如今占我国水稻作物的2/3。所以，袁隆平被称为“杂交水稻之父”也就不足为奇了。得益于我国“一带一路”倡议，袁隆平的杂交水稻能帮助全球解决粮食问题。的确，据新华社报道，在肯尼亚种植的杂交水稻优良品种，平均产量是当地常规品种的4至5倍。2017年，国际名望不断提高的袁隆平在青岛举行的第九届山东高层次人才论坛上做了一次英文演讲。袁隆平为人谦逊，在演讲中表现得很谦虚。据CNN1999年的一篇文章报道，这位科学家能说一口流利的英语和俄语。“我出国时从来不需要翻译，”他在接受这家美国新闻媒体网站采访时表示。尽管袁隆平学识渊博，但他深知，就算是最聪明的人也应该对学习新事物抱有一种开放的心态。“我国农民的种稻经验相当丰富，”他在接受新华社采访时表示。“我们应当向他们学习。”模块核心素养导航SectionⅠReadingandThinking【课前预习】Ⅰ.重点单词1．hybridn．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车2．devotevt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotionn．献身，奉献；忠诚；信仰，祈祷；热爱→devotedadj.献身的；忠诚的3．shortagen．不足；缺少；短缺→shortadj.不足的；缺少的；短缺的4．tacklevt.解決(难题)；应付(局面)；处理5．crisisn．危机；危急关头→crises(pl.)6．boostvt.使增长；使兴旺n．增长；提高；激励7．yieldn．产量；产出vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服；让步8．convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincingadj.令人相信的；有说服力的；令人心悦诚服的9．characteristicn．特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的→charactervt.使具有特征n．性格；特点；字母；角色10．attainvt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到11．conventionaladj.传统的；习惯的12．pollinatevt.授粉；传粉→pollinationn．授粉；传粉13．assumptionn．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assumev．假定；设定14．intenseadj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的15．overcomevt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜16．expandvt.&vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansionn．扩展；发展；扩大17．outputn．产量；输出；输出量vt.(output，output)输出18．estimatevt.估计；估价；估算n．估计；估算19．domesticadj.本国的；国内的；家用的20．consumptionn．消耗；消耗量；消费→consumevt.消耗；消费→consumern．消费者21．comprisevt.包括；包含；由……组成22．generatevt.产生；引起23．strainn．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力24．leisuren．闲暇；休闲；空闲25．soiln．泥土；土壤；国土；领土26．celebrityn．名望；名誉；名人；名流27．envisionvt.展望；想象→visionn．想象；视力；视野；影像28．grainn．谷物；谷粒；颗粒29．realityn．现实；实际情况；事实→realadj.真的；真实的→reallyadv.真正地30．saltyadj.含盐的；咸的→saltn．盐31．urbanadj.城市的；都市的；城镇的32．bombn．炸弹vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹33．tunneln．地下通道；地道；隧道34．extensionn．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extendvt.延伸；扩大；推广vi.延伸；扩大；伸展35．chemicaladj.与化学有关的；化学的n．化学制品；化学品36．wheatn．小麦；小麦籽37．flavourn．味道；特点；特色Ⅱ.重点短语1．fulfill/realizeone'sdreams实现某人的梦想2．carefor照顾；关心；喜欢3．beknownas作为……而出名4．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心5．becomprisedof包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)6．both...and...两者都7．farfrom远非；绝不8．deepdown在内心深处；本质上；实际上9．atheart内心里；本质上；十分关心(某人的利益或福祉)10．athomeandabroad国内外11．openup将(瓶、盒等)开封；拆开(包裹、信封等)；开放(被封的道路、边界等)；(使)(地方、经济、兴趣领域等)开放；敞开心扉12．takeon承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任)；呈现，显出(新面貌或新特点)13．turninto变成14．upto多达；胜任15．makeuseof利用16．meetone'sdemands满足某人的需要17．adaptto适应18．nowthat既然19．makeupone'smind下定决心20．complainabout抱怨Ⅲ.重点句型1．Yet,heconsiders_himself_a_farmerbecausehecontinuallyworksthelandinhisresearch.然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他在不断地研究耕种土地。2.Today,it_is_estimated_thatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains...据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻……3．Yuan'sinnovationhashelpedfeednot_justChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell.袁隆平的创新不仅帮助了中国，也帮助了许多其他依赖大米的国家。4．GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.考虑到袁的杂交水稻让他变得相当富有，人们可能会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。【课内探究】一、重点单词1eq\a\vs4\al(devotev.献身；致力；专心)[典型例句]Hedevotedhimselftowriting.他专心写作。Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitingmankind.他把一生都致力于造福人类。[思维拓展](1)devotetime/effort/money...to...为……付出时间/努力/金钱devoteoneselfto...献身于……；专心致力于……devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的devotionn．挚爱；关爱；关照；奉献(2)表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：beabsorbedin,belostin,beburiedin,beoccupiedin,focuson,concentrateon,fixone'sattentiononHeisdevotedtohiscareerandhisdevotiontoprotectingenvironmenthaswonourrespect.他对事业很忠诚并且他对保护环境的献身赢得了我们的尊敬。[即时训练]Devoted(devote)tocaringforhisfather,hedidn'tgoforapicnicwithus.2eq\a\vs4\al(shortagen.不足；缺少；短缺)[典型例句]Thereisnoshortageof(＝Thereareplentyof)thingstodointhetown.城里不愁找不到活儿干。[思维拓展]food/housing/watershortages食物/住房/用水短缺ashortageoffunds资金不足shortadj.不足的；缺少的；短缺的fallshortofsth.未达到；不符合beshortof缺乏，短缺inshort总之；简言之[即时训练]Ashortage(short)offundsispreventingtheUNfrommonitoringrelief.3eq\a\vs4\al(yield)[典型例句](1)vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)Theresearchhasyieldedusefulinformation.这项研究提供了有用的资料。(2)vi.屈服；让步Afteralongsiege,thetownwasforcedtoyield.经过长时间的包围，这座孤城被迫投降。(3)vi.放弃；缴出Herefusedtoyielduphisgun.他拒绝缴枪。(4)n.[C，U]产量；产出；利润Thiswillgiveayieldof10%onyourinvestment.这会给你的投资带来10%的利润。[思维拓展]yield(tosth./sb.)屈服；让步yieldsth./sb.(up)(tosb.)放弃；缴出yieldtosth.被……替代；为……所取代ahighcropyield作物丰收areductioninmilkyield牛奶产量的降低[即时训练]Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.4eq\a\vs4\al(convincevt.使确信，使相信)[典型例句]Ittookmanyhourstoconvincethecourtofhisguilt.花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。WeconvincedAnnytogobytrainratherthanbyplane.我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。[思维拓展]convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事beconvincedofsth.相信某事beconvincedthat相信某事convincingadj.令人信服的助记：con­(＝thoroughly，完全地)＋vinc(＝conquer，征服)＋e→完全征服对方→使信服[易混辨析]convince/persuadeconvince使(某人)信服，明白。指用事实或道理排除他人对某事的怀疑，使其深信某事是正确的。常接从句或用于convincesb.ofsth.。另外，后面接不定式时意思与persuade相当，意为“说服某人做某事”。persuade劝说，说服。常接“intodoingsth.或todosth.和outofdoingsth.”的结构，表示拿出明显的理由去说服某人做某事。接outofdoingsth.意思是说服某人不做某事。Theypersuadedusinto/outofgoing(＝togo/nottogo)totheparty.他们说服我们去/不去参加那次聚会。Wecouldn'tconvincehimofhismistake.我们无法使他明白他的错。[即时训练]I'mconvincedofhishonesty.5attainvt.(经过努力)获得；得到；达到(年龄、水平、状况等)[典型例句]Heattainedsuccessthroughhardwork.他通过努力取得了成功。Thecheetahcanattainspeedsofupto97kph.猎豹的奔跑速度可达97千米/[思维拓展]attainableadj.可获得的；可达到的attainmentn．达到；成就[即时训练]Evenatalentcan'tattain(attainment)greatachievementsunlessheconcentratesonwhatheisdoing.6eq\a\vs4\al(conventionaladj.常规的；传统的；保守的)[典型例句]Internetconnectionsthroughconventionalphonelinesarefairlyslow.通过传统的电话线连接的因特网速度有点儿慢。[即时训练]Amicrowavecooksfoodmuchfasterthanaconventional(convention)oven.7eq\a\vs4\al(assumptionn.假定；设想；承担；担任)[典型例句]Hisassumptionprovedtobecorrect.他的假设被证明是对的。[思维拓展]makeanassumption假设；认为ontheassumptionthat...在假定……的情况下assumevt.假定；设想；承担assumethat...假设……assumeoffice就职assumeresponsibility承担责任assumeanair/expressionof...装出……的样子/表情assumingthat...假定……(作连词用，相当于if)Weareworkingontheassumptionthattherateofinflationwillnotincreasenextyear.我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下工作。Assumingthatitrains,whatshouldwedo?假定下雨了，我们该怎么办？[即时训练]Theassumption(assume)thatthepriceofthemeatwouldgodownbeforethefestivalwaswronginfact.8eq\a\vs4\al(overcomevt.&vi.战胜；克服；控制感情)[典型例句]Hestruggledtoovercomehisshyness.他努力克服自己的羞怯。[思维拓展]beovercomewith被(感情)所控制，受到情绪的极大影响Billwasovercomewithgrief.比尔悲痛欲绝。[易混辨析]overcome，beat，defeat，winovercome强调克服困难、障碍等。beat常指(在比赛或竞争中)赢(某人)。beat，defeat后均跟表示人的名词，如比赛、战斗的对手；另外，二者常可互换，但defeat更正式。defeat侧重指在战场上打败敌人。win后跟表示物的名词，比如比赛、战斗、奖金、奖品、金钱等。Hebeatmeatchess.他下棋赢了我。Hedefeatedthechampioninthreesets.他三盘击败了冠军。FrancewonbysixgoalstotwoagainstDenmark.法国队以六比二战胜丹麦队。[即时训练]Heovercame(overcome)alotofdifficultiesandsucceeded.9eq\a\vs4\al(expandvt.&vi.使变大；伸展)[典型例句]Heisthinkingofexpandinghisbusiness.他正考虑扩张他的生意。Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.金属受热会膨胀。WehaveplanstoexpandthebusinessintotheUSAmarket.我们计划把业务扩展到美国市场。[思维拓展]expand(...)into(把……)扩展到expandon/upon详述；充分叙述[图解助记]图解expand，extend[即时训练]Hisbusinesswasexpanding(expand)．10eq\a\vs4\al(comprise)[典型例句](1)vt.包括；包含；由……组成(不用于进行时)Thecollectioncomprises327paintings.这部画册收有327幅画。Thecommitteeiscomprisedofrepresentativesfromboththepublicandprivatesectors.委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。(2)vt.是(某事物的)组成部分；组成；构成Olderpeoplecomprisealargeproportionofthoselivinginpoverty.在那些生活贫困的人中，老年人占有很大的比例。[思维拓展]becomprisedof＝consistof由……组成comprise＝makesth.up[即时训练]Thefountainwascomprisedofthreestonebasins.11eq\a\vs4\al(generatevt.产生；引起)[典型例句]Weneedsomeonetogeneratenewideas.我们需要有人出新主意。[思维拓展]generateelectricity/heat/power发电/产生热/动力generateincome/profit产生收益/利润generation[U](尤指电、热等的)产生[C＋sing./pl.v.](统称)一代人，同代人，同辈人；代，一代，一辈thegenerationofelectricity发电methodsofincomegeneration产生收益的方法storiespasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration世代相传的故事generatorn.发电机[即时训练]Japanhasannouncedplansforasharpriseinitsnuclearpowergeneration(generate)．12eq\a\vs4\al(urbanadj.城市的；市镇的)[典型例句]Weliveinurbanareaswithourchildren.我们和孩子们一起住在市区。Wemuststopthedamagetobothurbanandcountryenvironments.我们必须制止对城乡环境的破坏。[思维拓展]urbanizationn．都市化，城市化[图解助记]图解urban,rural[即时训练]Urbanization(urban)willbecomeincreasinglyimportantinthefuture.考点集训一1．Ifyouseefailure,you'llcreateit,sowhynotenvision(vision)success,instead?2．Theuniverseisslowlyyieldingupitssecrets.3．Itisestimated(that)theprojectwilllastfouryears.4．Acrowdcomprised(comprise)ofthewivesandchildrenofscientistsstagedademonstration.5．Weovercame(overcome)manyunforeseendifficulties.6．Weareworkingontheassumption(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.7．Shehasdevotedherselfunreservedlytothegreatcause.8．Shesoundedveryconvincing(convince)tome(＝Ibelievedwhatshesaid).9．Thisstandardiseasilyattainable(attain)bymoststudents.10．Sheisnotshortofexcuseswhenthingsgowrong.二、重点短语1eq\a\vs4\al(carefor照顾；关心；喜欢)[典型例句]Theyhiredanursetocareforher.他们雇了个护士来照顾她。Hecaredforhermorethansherealized.她不知道他是多么在乎她。[词语辨析]careabout，carefor和carewith都有“关心”“担心”的意思，但是在表示“介意”“计较”意思时，要用careabout。在表示“关怀”“照顾”“想要”的意思时，要用carefor。Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.他不讲究衣着。Wemustcarefortheyoungergeneration.我们必须关怀年轻的一代。[即时训练]①Ihadmychildrentocarefor,_andIhadtomakeadecision.②Idon'tcareforgreen.Ilikered.2eq\a\vs4\al(farfrom远非；绝不)[典型例句]Itwasobviousthatmuchofwhattheyrecordedwasfarfromthetruth.显然，他们所记录的很多根本不是事实。[思维拓展]farfrom后常接名词、动名词或形容词。farfromthetruth/case远非事实farfromsatisfactory远不令人满意[即时训练]Farfrombeing_relaxed(relax),webothfeltsouncomfortablethatwehardlyspoke.3eq\a\vs4\al(takeon)[典型例句](1)承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任)Nootherorganisationwasableorwillingtotakeonthejob.没有任何别的组织有能力或愿意承担此项工作。(2)呈现，显出(新面貌或新特点)Believinghehadonlyayeartolive,hiswritingtookonafeverishintensity.由于以为自己只剩一年的活头，他的文字开始变得激情澎湃。(3)(公共汽车、船舶等)上(客)，装(货)，补充(燃料)Thisisabriefstoptotakeonpassengersandwater.这是一次短暂停靠，上上客，加加水。(4)雇用；录用He'sspokentoapublishingfirm.They'regoingtotakehimon.他和一家出版公司谈过了，他们打算雇用他。[即时训练]Don'ttakeonmoreresponsibilitiesthanyoucanhandle.4eq\a\vs4\al(makeuseof利用；使用)[典型例句]WeshouldmakefulluseoftheInternet.我们应充分利用网络。WeshouldmakeuseofeverychancetopractisespeakingEnglish.我们应该利用每一次机会来练习说英语。Howdidyoumakeuseofyoursparetime?你是怎么利用你的业余时间的？[思维拓展]makegood/fulluseof好好/充分利用makethebestof充分利用(有利条件)makethemostof充分/尽量利用(有利条件)makelittleuseof几乎不利用；不充分利用[即时训练]EveryminutemustbemadeuseoftoimproveourspokenEnglish.必须利用每一分钟来提高我们的英语口语。5eq\a\vs4\al(nowthat既然)[典型例句]Nowthatthekidshavelefthomewe'vegotalotofextraspace.孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽敞了。Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourwork,you'dbetterhavearest.既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。[易混辨析]nowthat,because,since,as,fornowthat固定短语，意为“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，that可以省略。because表示直接的或为人所不知的原因，语气最强。回答用why提问的问句。since意为“既然”，表示已知或共知的原因，但并非直接原因。可与nowthat互换。as意为“由于”，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。语气比because弱。for意为“因为”，并列连词，表示补充说明的理由。引导分句，不能置于句首。[思维拓展]类似although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so连用，当since,nowthat引导原因状语从句时，主句前不能加so等连词。[译]既然你已经准备好了，我们现在可以走了。[误]Nowthatyouareready,sowecangonow.[正]Nowthatyouareready,wecangonow.[即时训练]NowthatIamfree,Icanenjoymusicforawhile.6eq\a\vs4\al(makeupone'smind下决心；决定)[典型例句]Ican'tmakeupmymindwhethertogoornot.我无法决定去还是不去。Wehavemadeupourmindstofinishtheworkbeforedark.我们决心在天黑前完成工作。[思维拓展]changeone'smind改变主意keep/havesth.inmind记住某事loseone'smind失去理智[即时训练]Themanwhohasmadeuphismindtowinwillneversayimpossible.考点集训二1．Youneedn'tcareabouthissafety.2．Wouldyoucareforawalkaftersupper?3．Ittookmeseveralminutestoadapttothedarkness.4．Nowthatthechildrenhavecleanedup,youcanletthemgo.5．Wastematerialscanstillbemadeuseof.6．OnceIhavemadeupmymind,nothingcanmakemechangeit.三、重点句型1Yet，heconsidershimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworksthelandinhisresearch.然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他在不断地研究耕种土地。[句式分析]consider在此表示“认为”。[思维拓展]considervt.考虑；认为considersth.考虑某事considerdoingsth.考虑做某事consider＋wh­todo/wh­clause考虑……considerthat...认为……considersb./sth.(as)．..认为某人/某物是……considersb./sth.(tobe)＋adj./n.认为某人/某物……considerit＋adj./n.＋todo认为做某事是……beconsideredtodo/havedone被认为做某事/做了某事Weconsiderthatthesongisworthlisteningto.我们认为这首歌值得听。Heconsidershimselfanexpert.他认为自己是专家。Doyouconsideritwisetogotherebyyourself?你认为你自己去那里明智吗？[巧学妙记]—Haveyouconsideredchangingyourjob?——你考虑过换工作吗？—No.Ilikemyjobbecauseateacherisgenerallyconsideredtobeagardener.——没有，我喜欢我的工作，因为人们广泛认为老师是园丁。[即时训练]Ihavebeenconsideringbuying(buy)anewcar，whichisconsideredto_be(be)asymbolofidentity.2Today,it_is_estimated_thatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains...据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻……[句式分析]本句属于“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”结构，句中that引导主语从句，主语从句本身又是一个主从复合句，从句中(so...)that引导结果状语从句。[思维拓展]“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”结构：it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，that仅起连接作用，不作成分。常用动词：say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，know等。该句型可转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”(hope和suggest除外)。It'ssuggestedthatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.建议她今天下午就应该完成她的家庭作业。ItwasreportedthattheUFOwasflyingfromthewesttotheeastwhenpeoplesawit.＝TheUFOwasreportedtobeflyingfromthewesttotheeastwhenpeoplesawit.据报道，人们看见那个不明飞行物时，它正从西向东飞。[即时训练]Itisbelievedthatheisfitforthejob.3GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy，onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。[句式分析]Given用作介词，表示“只要是；考虑到；假定；已知”等意思。“given＋that从句”意思是“考虑到……”，相当于considering。如：Givenhisage，heisverystrongandhealthy.考虑到他的年龄，他可以说是非常健康强壮了。Giventhatthestudentsneedmoreexercise,theheadteacherhasdecidedtoaddmorePEclasses.考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼，校长已决定增加更多体育课。[即时训练]Given(give)hisage,he'sremarkablyactive.考点集训三1．Bellisgenerallyconsideredto_have_invented(invent)thetelephone.2．WeknowthatChinahassuchtremendouspotential,notjusteconomicallybutmilitarily.3．Theoldtowerisstillinagoodstateconsidering(consider)itwasbuiltover600yearsago.【课后训练】Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Theydidn'tenvision(想象)anyproblemswiththenewbuilding.2．Theproposalhasgenerated(引起)alotofinterest.3．Thewatershortage(短缺)inthiscountryispotentiallycatastrophic.4．Thegovernmentisdeterminedtotackle(解决)inflation.5．Thebusinessisstillincrisis(危机)butithassurvivedtheworstoftherecession.6．Themoviehelpedboost(使兴旺)herscreencareer.7．Higher­ratedepositaccountsyield(产生)goodreturns.8．Weestimated(估计)itwouldcostabout￡5,000.9．Itisstrongerinflavour(味道)thanotherDutchcheeses.10．Thestateallottedthemlargequantitiesofchemical(化学的)fertilizer.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Thereweremanycomradesdevoted(devote)tothecauseofrevolutioninourcountry.2．Scientistssaythereisnoconvincing(convince)evidencethatpowerlineshaveanythingtodowithcancer.3．Itwassurprisingthatthegovernmentwasre­elected,giventhattheyhadraisedtaxessomuch.4．Given(give)herinterestinchildren,teachingseemstherightjobforher.5．Herlastthrowwasonlythreecentimetresshortoftheworldrecord.6．Bothfishandtadpoleshavegills.7.Sheisknownasagreatbeauty.8.Heisonlyaboydeepdown.9．Healwayshasthewell­beingofthemassesatheart.10．Lornafoundthatpeoplewerewillingtoopenuptoher.Unit5WorkingtheLandSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage【语法讲座】主语从句考点一主语从句的定义和连接词1．定义：在复合句中充当主语的句子叫主语从句。Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。2．连接词的选用(1)that和what的选用：that和what都可引导主语从句。what除了起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，如主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接作用。Whathewantsisastorybook.他想要的是一本故事书。Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.众所周知，光沿直线运动。(2)if和whether的选用：whether和if尽管不充当句子成分，但含有“是否”的意思。whether和if也有不同的用法：if可以引导主语从句，但从句不能用于句首，而应该放在句尾，并用it作形式主语。whether还可以与ornot连用，语意不变。Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.我们明天是否在户外开晚会要视天气而定。(3)其他连接词的选用：根据主语从句的具体意义，还可选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当成分。Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.我们何时举行运动会还没有决定下来。Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.昨天是谁打破的玻璃还不清楚。Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.你选择买哪辆车不会有任何区别。(4)whatever和whoever的选用：whatever和whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义，不仅起连接作用，还在从句中作成分。whatever相当于anythingthat;whoever相当于anyonewho。要注意whatever,whoever引导的主语从句和让步状语从句的区别。试比较：无论谁破坏法律，都应受到惩罚。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(＝Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.)(whoever引导的是主语从句)Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.(＝Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.)(whoever引导的是让步状语从句)考点二由it作形式主语的主语从句1．由that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用it作形式主语。Itiswell­knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。提示：需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击。ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.(it代替主语从句，句中有that，无逗号)Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.(as引导定语从句，句中无that，有逗号)2．用it作形式主语的常见句型(1)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句这类形容词有necessary,essential,clear,true,strange,important,possible,likely等。需要注意的是，当形容词是necessary,strange,important,essential等时，主语从句的谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”，即从句要用虚拟语气。Itisnecessarythatyou(should)masterthecomputer.你有必要精通电脑。ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.学生学好英语很重要。It'sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.很明显，他们急需援助。(2)It＋be＋名词(词组)＋that从句这类名词(词组)有afact,agoodidea,apity,ashame,nowonder等。It'sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。It'snowonderthatyou'resotired.难怪你这么累。(3)It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句这类过去分词有reported,well­known,hoped,thought,expected,said,believed,suggested,ordered等。当过去分词是suggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,required等时，主语从句的谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”，即从句要用虚拟语气。Itissuggestedthatthemeetingbeputoff.有人建议会议延期召开。It'ssaidthatMrGreenhasarrivedinLondon.据说格林先生已到达伦敦。(4)It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that从句这类不及物动词(短语)有seem,happen,occur,matter,makea/nodifference等。Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。IthappenedthatIhadnomoneywithmethatday.碰巧那天我身上没带钱。考点三主语从句需注意的问题1．that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，主语从句的引导词that通常也不可省略。Thathewasillyesterdayisknownnow.大家都知道他昨天生病了。Thatyoudon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢他不关我的事。2．if引导主语从句时只能用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。ItisuncertainifhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.明天他是否去北京还不敢肯定。3．从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述语序。Whodidthisisstillunknown.这件事是谁做的还不知道。Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.使我感到惊讶的是，这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。4．单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。但what和who引导主语从句时，谓语动词的形式应与作表语的名词保持一致。Whatweneedaremorepersonalcomputers.我们需要的是更多的个人电脑。Whatweneedismoretime.我们需要的是更多的时间。【专题练习】单句语法填空1．Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather'sdeeploveforhisson.2．Whatyousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.3．Whatmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.4．Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.5．Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.6．Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.7．Thelimitsofaperson'sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.8．Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.9．Howmedicineworksinahumanbodyisaquestionthatnoteveryonecanunderstandfully.10．Whythedinosaursdisappearedstillremainsamystery.11．Hisfathergothimajobinabankbutsoonitbecameclearthathewasnotfitforthatkindofwork.12．Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That'swhereIwasborn.”13．Whetherwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.14．Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.15．Thathelosthisbalancemadehimslipontheice.Unit5WorkingtheLandSectionⅢUsingLanguage【课前预习】Ⅰ.重点单词1．fertilisern．肥料2．nutritionaladj.营养(物)的→nutritiousadj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutritionn．营养；滋养3．alleviatevt.减轻；缓解4．povertyn．贫穷；贫困5．organicadj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的6．pesticiden．杀虫剂；除害药物7．widespreadadj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的8．bacteriumn．细菌→bacteria(pl.)9．digestvt.&vi.消化vt.领会；领悟→digestionn．消化；领悟10．essentialadj.完全必要的；极其重要的11．mineraln．矿物；矿物质12．alternativen．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的13．groceryn．食品杂货店→groceries[pl.]食品杂货14．instancen．例子；实例；事例15．depthn．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deepadj.深的16．rootn．根；根茎；根部；根源17．entirelyadv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entireadj.全部的；整个的；完全的18．aspectn．方面；层面Ⅱ.重点短语1．inuse在使用2．inturn相应地；转而；依次；轮流3．asfor关于；至于4．switchto转到；转换到5．turnto求助于；求教于；改用6．focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于7．keeps...freefrom/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)8．forinstance例如；比如9．meetthatneed满足那样的需求Ⅲ.重点句型1．Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoo_fast_to_berichinnutrition.至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。2．Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。【课内探究】一、重点单词1eq\a\vs4\al(alleviatevt.减轻；缓解)[典型例句]Nowadays,agreatdealcanbedonetoalleviatebackpain.如今，减轻背部疼痛可以有许多方法。Anumberofmeasuresweretakentoalleviatetheproblem.采取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。[思维拓展]alleviationn．减轻；缓解；缓和；镇痛物[即时训练]Hesaidheandhisorganizationhaveworkedfor36yearsforthealleviation(alleviate)ofpoverty.2digestvt.消化食物；领悟，融会贯通vi.消化n.摘要；文摘[典型例句]Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook.我领悟了书中大部分要点。Proteindigestsslowly.蛋白质消化得慢。Thisisadigestoftheweek'snews.这是这周的新闻摘要。[思维拓展]digestionn．消化digestiveadj.消化的；易消化的[即时训练]Thisbookisofgreatvalue.Nothingcanbeenjoyedifyoucan'tdigest(digest)it.3alternativen．可能的选择adj.供选择的；非传统的[典型例句]Eitheralternativeiscorrect.(两种选择中)不论哪一个选择都是正确的。Allthealternativeroutesaregiventocardriversbycomputers.所有可供选择的路线都由计算机显示给汽车司机。[思维拓展]alternativeenergy可替代能源analternativeto...……的替代品havethealternativeofdoingsth.有做某事的选择；可以做某事havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事Youhavethealternativeofspeakingorkeepingquiet.你要么发言，要么保持沉默。Ihadnoalternativebuttoaccepttheoffer.我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。[易混辨析]alternative，choice，selectionalternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指“选择，挑选，抉择”。selection指从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。Thewaywasblocked,sowewentbyanalternativeroad.这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。Thestoreoffersawidechoiceoffruitandvegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。Parentsshouldbecarefulintheirselectionofthemoviestheiryoungchildrensee.家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。[即时训练]Wehadnoalternativebutto_fire(fire)Mary.4eq\a\vs4\al(depthn.向下或向里的距离；深度)[典型例句]Theoilwellextendedseveralhundredsoffeetindepth.油井向下延伸了数百英尺。Hisideaslackdepth.他的想法缺乏深度。[思维拓展]thedepthofacut/wound/crack刀口/伤口/裂口深度thedepthsoftheocean海洋深处liveinthedepthsofthecountry(＝alongwayfromatown)住在偏远地区inthedepthsofwinter(＝whenitiscoldest)在隆冬季节indepth全面地；深入地；详细地beoutofyourdepth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方；非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及deepadj.深的；厚的；纵深的；有……深的[即时训练]Ihaven'tlookedatthereportindepthyet.5eq\a\vs4\al(root)[典型例句](1)n.根；根茎；根部；根源Ipulledtheplantupby(＝including)theroots.我把这棵植物连根拔起。Money,orloveofmoney,issaidtobetherootofallevil.有人说钱或爱钱是万恶之源。(2)v.(使)生根；翻寻Trytorootthisplantinthegarden.想办法使这个植物在园子里生根。“Itmustbeheresomewhere，”shesaid,rootingthroughthesuitcase.“它一定就在这里的什么地方，”她一边说一边翻着衣箱。[思维拓展]deepspreadingroots扎得很深的根rootcrops/vegetables根茎作物/蔬菜pigsrootingforfood拱土觅食的猪[即时训练]①Flamencohasitsroots(root)inArabicmusic.②Who'sbeenrooting(root)aroundinmydesk?考点集训一1．Cookingvegetablesreducestheirnutritional(nutrition)value.2．Imageretouchingisatechniquewidespreadly(widespread)usedinimagetampering.3．Therearethreeessentially(essential)differentwaysoftacklingtheproblem.4．Warmmilkistheidealbreedinggroundforbacteria(bacterium)．5．Iamconvinceddigestion(digest)isthegreatsecretoflife.6．Youcanbepaidincashweeklyorbychequemonthly;thosearethetwoalternatives(alternative)．7．Theirpricedependedalmostentirely(entire)ontheirscarcity.8．Manydolphinscandivetodepths(depth)of200metres.9．Theyweredeeply(deep)disturbedbytheaccident.10．Weshouldseebothaspects(aspect)oftheproblem.二、重点短语1eq\a\vs4\al(inturn相应地；转而；依次；轮流)[典型例句]Bybetterunderstandingyourdreams,inturnyouwillbeabletobetterunderstandyourself.通过更好地理解你的梦境，相应地你也可以更好地了解你自己。Theserulesproclaimourrespectforothersandinturngiveusthegiftofself­respectandheightenedself­esteem.这些规范既体现了我们对他人的尊重，也转而赋予我们自重的能力以及更强的自尊心。Therewerecheers