高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练(18)讲义

一、高考英语阅读细节题三步法：第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练WheneverSongJingvisitsamuseum,shewillcheckoutthesectiononancientbooks.Besidesappreciatingthewisdomhiddeninthesehistoricalvolumes,shealsofocusesonhowtheyarebound（装帧）andpresented.“It’smorelikeaforceofhabitcausedbymyjob,”saidSong.This34-year-old“bookdoctor”hasbeenworkingintherestorationdepartmentforancientbooksattheNationalLibraryofChinainBeijing,sinceshefinishedherculturalrelicprotectionstudiescourseatPekingUniversityin2015．Uptonow,shehasbeenengagedinrestoringmorethan100ancientculturalrelies.Atthemoment,SongandhercolleaguesareworkingonrestoringacopyofYongleDadian,anencyclopediacreatedin1408．Unfortunately,mostofitsbooksthathavesurviveduntiltodayhavesuffereddamagetotheiroriginalbinding.“Torestorethemtotheiroriginalform,weneedtogatherinformationfromvarioussources,suchasimagesandtexts,beforewecanmakesuretheiroriginalbindingstyleandrepairthemaccordingly,”sheexplained.Moreover,theancientencyclopedia’ssilktextureandcolorhavebothgrowninconsistent,whichmakescreatingthenecessaryrawmaterialsandmatchingthecolordifficult.Inthepast,restorershadtorelyontheirexperiencetodeterminetheappropriatematerialstouseforaproject.Astechnologyhasevolved,theyareabletouseanewmethodtofinishthetaskthroughmicroscopes.However,technologycanonlyhelpsomuch,asancientbooksrestorationstillrequiresessentialmanualskills,includingcuttingandbrushingpaperandbinding.Apartfromthis,therestorationalsorequiresstrongcontrolwhenbrushingthepaper.“Ifthepressureisnotproperlycontrolledduringthebrushingprocess,thepapermaytear,butifthetouchistoolight,thepaperwon’tadhere（黏附）,”Songexplained.Owingtothemeaningfulandcomplexprocess,theancientbooksrestorationtechniqueofthenationallibrarywaslistedasanational-levelintangibleculturalheritagein2008.“Hopefully,Icanbeofsomehelpininspiringmoreyoungpeopletofindtheirlifelongpassioninthefieldofculturalheritagepreservation,”saidSong.1．WhyisSongJingcalleda“bookdoctor”?A．Sheworksintherestorationdepartment.B．Shefocusesonthebindingofancientbooks.C．Sheisdevotedtotheancientbooksrestoration.D．Sheenjoyscheckingoutancientbooksinamuseum.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向1．WhyisSongJingcalleda“bookdoctor”?为什么宋晶被称为“书医”第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）This34-year-old“bookdoctor”hasbeenworkingintherestorationdepartmentforancientbooksattheNationalLibraryofChinainBeijing,sinceshefinishedherculturalrelicprotectionstudiescourseatPekingUniversityin2015．Uptonow,shehasbeenengagedinrestoringmorethan100ancientculturalrelies.这位34岁的“书医”自2015年毕业于北京大学文物保护专业后，一直在北京中国国家图书馆古籍修复部工作。到目前为止，她已经修复了100多件古文化文物。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)1．WhyisSongJingcalleda“bookdoctor”?为什么宋晶被称为“书医”A．Sheworksintherestorationdepartment.她在修复部工作。B．Shefocusesonthebindingofancientbooks.她专注于古书的装订。C．Sheisdevotedtotheancientbooksrestoration.她致力于古籍修复工作。（原文直接对应）D．Sheenjoyscheckingoutancientbooksinamuseum.她喜欢在博物馆里翻阅古书。2．Whatisachallengeintherestorationoftheencyclopedia?A.EditingtextsB．GatheringimagesC．GoingwiththecolorD．Identifyingrawmaterials第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向2．Whatisachallengeintherestorationoftheencyclopedia?修复百科全书的挑战是什么第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）Atthemoment,SongandhercolleaguesareworkingonrestoringacopyofYongleDadian,anencyclopediacreatedin1408．Unfortunately,mostofitsbooksthathavesurviveduntiltodayhavesuffereddamagetotheiroriginalbinding.“Torestorethemtotheiroriginalform,weneedtogatherinformationfromvarioussources,suchasimagesandtexts,beforewecanmakesuretheiroriginalbindingstyleandrepairthemaccordingly,”sheexplained.Moreover,theancientencyclopedia’ssilktextureandcolorhavebothgrowninconsistent,whichmakescreatingthenecessaryrawmaterialsandmatchingthecolordifficult.目前，宋和她的同事们正在修复一部1408年出版的《永乐大典》。不幸的是，大多数保存至今的书都受到了原始装帧的损坏。她解释说:“为了让它们恢复到原来的样子，我们需要从各种来源收集信息，比如图片和文字，然后才能确定它们原来的装订风格，并相应地修复它们。”此外，古代百科全书的丝绸质地和颜色都变得不一致，这使得创造必要的原料和在颜色匹配变得非常困难。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)2．Whatisachallengeintherestorationoftheencyclopedia?修复百科全书的挑战是什么?A.Editingtexts文本编辑B．Gatheringimages图片收集C．Goingwiththecolor颜色匹配（原文对应）D．Identifyingrawmaterials原材料识别同义替换：challenge=difficult3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSong?A．dedicatedandcarefulB．unselfishandcautiousC．diligentandambitiousD．determinedandcreative第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSong?以下哪一项最能描述宋第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）Inthepast,restorershadtorelyontheirexperiencetodeterminetheappropriatematerialstouseforaproject.Astechnologyhasevolved,theyareabletouseanewmethodtofinishthetaskthroughmicroscopes.However,technologycanonlyhelpsomuch,asancientbooksrestorationstillrequiresessentialmanualskills,includingcuttingandbrushingpaperandbinding.Apartfromthis,therestorationalsorequiresstrongcontrolwhenbrushingthepaper.“Ifthepressureisnotproperlycontrolledduringthebrushingprocess,thepapermaytear,butifthetouchistoolight,thepaperwon’tadhere（黏附）,”Songexplained.在过去，修复者必须依靠他们的经验来确定项目中使用的合适材料。随着技术的发展，他们能够使用一种新的方法通过显微镜来完成这项任务。然而，技术只能提供这么多帮助，因为古籍修复仍然需要基本的手工技能，包括剪纸、刷纸和装订。除此之外，在刷纸时，修复也需要强有力的控制。“如果在刷牙过程中压力控制不当，纸张可能会撕裂，但如果触摸太轻，纸张就会破裂。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSong?以下哪一项最能描述宋?A．dedicatedandcareful敬业、细心（原文信息归纳）B．unselfishandcautious无私谨慎C．diligentandambitious勤奋上进D．determinedandcreative有决心和创造力Howgoodareyouatmaths?Fromworkingouthowtosplitthebillafteramealtocalculatingyourhouseholdbills,mathsisallaroundus.SomepeoplelovethechallengeofalgebraorenjoyworkingoutnumberpuzzlessuchasSudoku.Butmanyfearthemomentwhentheyhavetodealwithnumbersandfiguresandfeelarealsenseofworryandconfusion.Itcanseemdaunting,butthis“mathsanxiety”isperfectlynormal,andyou’redefinitelynotalone.TheProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessmentfoundaround31%of15and16-year-oldsacross34countriessaidtheygotverynervousdoingmathsproblems,33%saidtheygottensedoingmathshomework,andnearly60%saidtheyworriedmathsclasseswouldbedifficult.Otherstudieshaveshownthattheproblemreallystartsinchildhood,atschool.Mathsteacherswhoarenervousaboutteachingthesubjectcanpassontheiranxietytothepupils,andgirlsmaybemorelikelytobeaffected.WritingforBBCFuture,DavidRobsonsays“It’snotclearwhymathsarousessomuchfearcomparedtogeography.Butthefactthatthere’sarightorwronganswer—there’snoroomforbluffing—mightmakeyoumoreworriedaboutunderperforming.”Andonceweassumewe’renota“mathsperson”,weavoidsolvingthingsthatweprobablycoulddo.Psychologistshavebeentryingtoworkoutwaystoaddress“mathsanxiety”.ShulamitKahn,fromBostonUniversity’sQuestromSchoolofBusiness,toldtheBBCshebelievesgivingstudents,particularlygirls,goodrolemodels“iscritical,especiallyatayoungage”.Shethinksthekeyistogetpeople,especiallywomen,wholoveteachingmathstoyoungerchildren.Otherssuggestthatarticulatingyourfearscanloosentheirholdonyou,andencouragechildrentoseeamathstestasachallenge,notathreat.Ideally,weneedtovoiceourconcernandthinkpositively.Let’sgivemathsasecondchance.1．WhatdoesDavidRobsonsayabouttheproblem?A．Thecauseoffearformathsisevident.B．Theanswerstomathsquestionsareambiguous.C．Ourself-distrustkeepsusformsolvingmathsproblem.D．Theaccuracyofmathsanswersmayleadtomathsanxiety.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向1．WhatdoesDavidRobsonsayabouttheproblem?大卫·罗布森对这个问题说了什么?第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）WritingforBBCFuture,DavidRobsonsays“It’snotclearwhymathsarou