初中英语动词

动词

动词的含义

动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形

式：动词原形、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。

动词的种类：

类别特点举例

）vt及物动词（跟宾语Hikemusic.

）vi不及物动词（不跟宾语Itrainedlastnight.

品艮表语系动词amadoctor.Sheisanurse.I

Weareveryhappy.

don'tlikeplayingbasketball.助动词跟动词原形或分词I

haveseenthismoviebefore.I

情态动词跟动词原形ShecanspeakJapanese.

动词时态

一般现在时（3种结构）

表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实。；或某

种状态

“主,谓•（宾）”结构Peteralwaysspendstoomuchtime

playingcomputergames,goestoschoolbybusinthe

morning.AliceusuallyIlikelisteningtoclassical

music.

“There,be”结构amaponthewall.isTheresome

birdsinthesky.areThere

“主•系•表"结构It'sverycoldtoday.Theearthisbigger

thanthemoon.Myfatherisateacher.

动词第三人称单数

动词特征构成例词

s词尾加一般动词like-likes

teach-teaches

do-does以ch,sh,s,o,xgo-goes结尾es词尾力口

wash-washes记忆技巧：吃（ch）pass-passesXO后喝蛇（sh,s）

mix-mixes

)fax-faxes(发送传真

study-studies

esi辅音字母+y,变y为，再加carry-carries

try-tries结尾y以play-plays

s直接加元音字母+y,stay-stays

say-says

一般过去时(3种结构)

，动词必须用过去式表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句

子中.

动词过去式及过去分词的构成

规则变化

构成法词例

一般情况下加ed(1)work-worked--worked

play-played-played

以e结尾的，力口d(2)live-lived-lived

like-liked-liked

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i,再加ed.(3)study

——studied——studied

cry-一cried一一cried

以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个(4)stop—

stopped-stopped

辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.prefer~

preferred-preferred

refer-referred-referred

occur-occurred-occurred

不规则变化(参考课本)

一般过去时常见的提示：yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;

last(week/month/

year/Sunday一）this-------ago;after----;when

---justnow；；等等。

注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构

成疑问句或否定句时，需借助did

或didnt构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如：Iwentto

thezooyesterday.Mymotherdidn,tgototheparklast

weekend.DidJimcometoseeyoulastnight?.

现在进行时

表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。(只有延续性动词有进行

时；非延续性动词没有进行时)

)系动词(am/is/are+现在分词主语+

现在分词的构成

构成法词例

一般情况下力口ing.；learn-learning(1)work-working

；take-taking以e结尾的，去掉e,再加ing.(2)live

一living

或；stop—stoppingr音节以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾

只有一个⑶sit-sitting

辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加；refer-

referringing.chat-chatting

以ie结尾的，要改ie为y,再加ing.；lie--lying(4)tie

一tying

：Look；Listen；now；atthemoment/atpresent

现在进行时的标志

isreadingamagazineoverthere.Look.Alice

Listen.PeterissingingaChinesesong.

istalkingtoPeterAlicenow.

I'mlearningJapaneseatthemoment.

没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式：非延续性动词表示将

来时。特殊情况

+(am/is/are)+主语非延续性动词的现在分词：表示。

将来时

mgoingtoschoolnow.I'

forNewYorksoon.Maryisleaving

coming.SpringFestivalis

I'marrivinginBeijing.

过去进行时

表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。

主语+系动词(was/were)+现在分词

at8oDavidwasdoinghishomework,clockyesterday，at

histimeyesterday.IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenMary

calledhim.Tomwashavingbreakfast

II

一般将来时

表示将要发生的动作，或计划或打算作某事。

主语+will+动词原形

主语+(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形

主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词：

例如：Iwilltellyouthegoodnews.Johnisgoingtovisit

Hangzhounextweek.MyfatheriscomingtoQingdao

tomorrow.

一般将来时常见的提示：tomorrow;thedayaftertomorrow;

nextweek;inthefuture;inthreedays;thisevening,

soon,attheendofthisterm

一般将来时的用法1.表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Wewill

gettoShanghaitomorrow.

2.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中，“句子”用一般

将来时。例如：Getupearly,andyouwillcatchtheearly

bus.Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool.

“begoingto+动词原形”与"will+动词原形”

begoingto和will在一般情况下可以互换，但是在下列情况

下将来时要用willo

说明例句

带有意愿色彩Iwillhelpyoulater.

Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?

问对方是否愿意或客气的邀请或命令Willyougowithme?

Mr.Wangwillcomeifitdoesn'train.在时间、条件状语从

句中，如果主句

callHewill

usassoonashegetstoHongwill是一般将来时，用

Kong.

过去将来时

表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。（间接引语/宾语从句）

主语+would+动词原形

主语+(was/were)+goingto+动词原形

主语+(was/were)+非延续动词的动名词

例如：Ithoughtyouwouldhelptheoldman.Marywasgoing

totakepartinthismeeting.Hesaidhewasleavingfor

HongKong.

现在完成时

含义：现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影

响”.

“曾经”、“还没有”等词语汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、.

构成：主语+have/has+过去分词例如：

结果：我了解这部影片的内容）Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.

（

结果:他的知识水平很高）Hehashadagoodeducation.（

现在完成时常见的标志：

jrecentlysofar/uptonow;inrecentyears;before;

,inthepast,,/overthepast,/inthelast/overthelast

“现在完成时”，也可以用于“现在完成进行时”.既可以用

于since/for:

既可以用于“现在完成时”，也可以用于“过already/yet

/ever/never/before:

.去完成时”

Ihavealreadyfinishedthework./Ihavejustfinishedthe

work.Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?

tfinishedmyworkyet.’Ihaven

延续性动词与非延续性动词

延续性动词可以接一段时间；

非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间，如果要接一段时间，

就必须把非延续性动词替换成相应的

延续性动词.come-behereHecameheretwohoursago.

Hehasbeenherefortwohours.

go-beout/beawayTheywentoutanhourago.

beenoutforanhour.Theyhave

beawayleave---Tomlefttenminutesago.

Tomhasbeenawayfortenminutes.

havebuy---Iboughtthisdictionary10yearsago.

Ihavehadthisdictionaryfor10years.Thefilmbeganfive

minutesago.begin---beonThefilmhasbeenonforfive

minutes.

某些延续性动词（如：lookfor,watch,waitfor,live,work,

develop,teach,learn,

study,rain等）与since或for连用时，表示“从过去的

某一时刻起，一直持续到现在的

动作”，它们的“现在完成时”可以与“现在完成进行时”互相

替换。

Hehaslived

herefor20years,herefor20years.Hehasbeenliving

▲Beijingbefore,havebeento”:Ihavebeento

—-表示“曾经去过

▲havegoneto---"表示”已经去了:TheyhavegonetoJapan.

过去完成时主语+had+过去分词

“过去的过去”.表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作一

Bytheendoflastmonth,wel2Englishsongs,hadlearned

hegothome,alltheguestsBythetimehadleft.

thetrainhadalreadyleft.,Whentheyarrivedatthe

railwaystation

Ihadfinished,BeforeIwenttobedreadingthatbook.

Iwenttobed.,AfterIhadfinishedreadingthebook

“bytheendoflast---"只能用于"过去完成时"Bythe

endoflastmonth,wehadlearned5000Englishwords.

现在完成进行时主语+have/has+been+现在分词

表示从过去的某一时刻起到现在，在做某事。一直

IhavebeenwaitingforyourreplysinceIsentyoualetter

havebeenlivinglherefor20years

hasbeenrainingltsincelastnightSince1989,Wang

Ganghasbeenworkinginthiscompany.Englishfor10

years.Hehasbeenlearning

专项练习

动词时态专项训练

1.HeoftentotheparkwithsomefriendsonSundays.

A.goB.goesC.isgoingD.hasgone

2.Tom'sfatherlisteningtoclassicalmusic.

tlike'D.islikingB.donA.likeC.likes

3.yourmotherupearlyinthemorning.

C.Does/getsB.Do/getsA.Do/getD.Does/get

4.Look,theboysfootballontheplayground.

D.isplayB.playingA.playC.areplaying

5.PeterwentswimmingwithMikeyesterday,he?

''ttD.doesnC.didnB.doesA.did

6.laUFOintheskywhileIwastalkingawalkinthestreet

just

now.

A.sawB.haveseenC.willseeD.wasseeing

7.FredamodelplanewhenIwenttoseehim.

A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.made

8.I,11tellhertocallyoubackwhensheback.

C.hascomeB.comesA.willcomeD.iscoming

9.Myfathercigarettes,hethinksitisharmfulforhealth.

'tsmoketsmoke'A.didnB.don

C.doesn'tsmokes'tsmokeD.doesn

10.12000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.

A.hadlearnedB.havelearned

C.wouldlearnD.waslearning

11.Howlongyouthemobilephone?

D.do/buyA.haveboughtB.have/hadC.did/buy

12.MybrothertoLondonmanytimes,soheknowsLondonvery

well.

B.wentC.hasbeenA.wasgoing!),hasgone

13.Iwanttoknowiffreetomorrowevening.If

youyou

'dliketoinviteyoutodinner,free,I

A.willbe/areB.are/willbe

D.willbe/willbeC.are/are

14.Listen,themusicverynice.

B.soundA.issoundingC.soundsD.issounded

15.ImybesttolearnEnglishwellfromnowon.

D.willtryB.havetriedA.triedC.amtrying

16.Ourteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.

A.travelledhadtravelledB.D.C.travelsistravelled

17.MrBrownisn，tathomenow.Hetohisoffice.

B.hadbeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeenA.hadgone

18.Hesaidhewouldgotothemovieswithusifhefree.

C.isB.wouldbeA.willbeD.was

tovisithergrandmathreedaysago.19.Jenny

D.hadgoneB.goesC.hasgoneA.went

TheGreens20.Chinaforfiveyears.A.hasbeeninB.have

beeninD.havegonetoC.hascometo

abasketballmatchinourschoolthedayafter

tomorrow.21.ThereD.isgoingtoC.wouldbeA.willhaveB.

willbehave1.22toHainanforvacationinthreedays.

C.willgoA.wentB.goD.wasgoingFrenchbeforeyouwent

toParis?23.HowlongyouB.have/studiedA.had/

studiedC.do/studyD.would/studyHi,Peter.

124.youwerehere.B.haventknowA.don'tknown'D.

didntknown'C.hadntknow'Wewillgeteverything

readybeforeshe.25here.I).cameB.comesA.willcomeC.

wouldcomeTom26.hiscoatandthenwentout.C.had

putonA.putonB.putsonD.wouldputonNeitherof

us.27interestedinfolksongs.D.areB.amA.wereC.is

inthenextroomwhenIgothome.Iheardher28.C.to

playB.playingA.playD.playedTVsince6o.Linda29

clockthismorning.'B.hasbeenwatchedA.waswatching

D.hasbeenwatchingC.hadwatchedHe.30toworkina

factoryattheageof17.C.wouldbeginB.hasbegunA.

beganD.hadbeguncallinglthestreet,alongl.31Oneday

whilesomeoneme.A.walked/heardB.waswalking/was

hearingC.waswalking/heardD.walked/washearing

NeitherInorhe.32inphysics.A.areinterestingB.are

interestedC.isinterestingD.isinterested

inthebarforanhourbeforesheI.33.A.hadwaited/

arrivedB.waited/hadarrivedC.waswaiting/hadarrivedD.

havewaited/arrive

mebefore,heHe.34B.said/hadmetA.said/hasmet

I),issaying/hasmetC.says/hadmet

apartyathomethenextSaturdayevening.35Tinasaidthat

she.

C.wouldholdB.willholdA.hadheldD.isholding

alreadyWhenhearrivedatthecinema,thefilm36..

B.would/startA.was/startingC.has/startedD.

had/startedsMrGreen?37.——Wherebackin

twoweeks.一HeJapanonbusiness.HeB.hasbeento/

willbeA.hasgoneto/isD.hasgoneto/willbeC.

hasbeento/comesHehasneverseensuchawonderful

moviebefore,38.?C.hasheB.didntA.hasn'the'

D.didhetoLondonbefore.Jeanmewhether139.A.

asked/hadbeenB.asked/wouldgoC.asked/hasbeenD.

asked/wentI.40hersince2007.D.havenC.havent

seenB.hadn，A.didn'tsee'tbeentseen,seeing

early,inthemorninginthepast,butnowI141.late

A.usedtogetup/amusedtogetupB.amusedto

getting/usedtogetupC.usedtogetup/amusedto

gettingu