考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷8（共210题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷8（共9套）（共210题）考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis"officialacts,"ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson"specific"and"unsettled"issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact."Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,"wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertforthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns."Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourcesofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety—thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment—isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.1、Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourtA、avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’sduties.B、madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.C、wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct.D、refusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sethics.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中给出的已知信息可以定位到文章第一段中画线句子。要正确理解划线的句子需要了解本句中涉及的几个代词和固定表达。句中的it指的是上文提到的theUSSupremeCourt。代词so指代的是上文中提到的overturntheconvictionofaformerVirginiagovemor。while引导时间状语从句，固定表达holdone’snose表示“嗤之以鼻”。把这几个问题解决了之后，本句的意思就变得明朗了：“然而最高法庭对他的某些行为——收受企图接近政府的企业赠送的劳力士手表和法拉利轿车——所涉及的道德问题嗤之以鼻”。那么C项“法庭对于麦克唐纳的行为表示不屑”就是对文章的同义替换。2、AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolvesA、concretereturnsforgift-givers.B、sizablegainsintheformofgifts.C、leakingsecretsintentionally.D、breakingcontractsofficially.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据题干给出的已知段落可以快速定位到第四段。根据细节题命题特点之一，转折之后有命题，定位到第四段的But转折句，句中bribery就是corruption的同义替换。文章表明“根据反腐败法规定，公务员必须给行贿人切实的利益反馈才能成为腐败的证据”。A项是该句话的同义替换。B、C、D三项在文章第四段均没有提及。3、Thecourt’srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsareA、allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.B、qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.C、justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.D、exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词court’sruling，assumption和publicofficial定位到文章第五段最后一句，assume可以和题干中的assumption进行同义替换。文章定位词之后的内容表述为“代表制政府的基本契约是建立在：公务员听从选民的意见并且执行选民的意愿”。C项“(公务员)有理由满足选民的需要”符合文意，constituents意为“选民”，可与supporters“支持者”同义替换。故C项为正确答案。4、Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededtoA、awakentheconscienceofofficials.B、guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.C、allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.D、inspirehopesinaveragepeople.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词Well-enforcedlaws和transparency定位到文章第六段的最后一句。但是这句话的句首出现了指代Thistypeofintegrity引导我们从定位句的前一句找答案。上句表明：“政府官员不得因个人或集体捐款和私人赠送而在提供信息和安排会议方面出现偏颇。”换句话说就是要保证官员在执行公务时保证公平公正。所以这道题目的正确答案是B项。5、Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’srulingisA、sarcastic.B、tolerant.C、skeptical.D、supportive.标准答案：D知识点解析：态度题。态度题首先可排除不能人选的选项。A项“讽刺的”有明显的歧视偏见色彩，B项tolerant无法传达作者的褒贬态度，因此这两个选项可以排除。根据题干细节court’sruling可以定位到最后一段，作者明确表示“最高法院的裁决是反腐和抑制政府出现偏袒行为的举措”，因此此题的正解答案是D项supportive“支持的”。Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant'ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn'tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline'sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion".Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethat—andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan'sTheOmnivore'sDilemma."Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,"Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear—about64itemsperperson—andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes—andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan'tbeknockedoff.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan'taffordnotto.6、PriestlycriticizesherassistantforherA、poorbargainingskill.B、insensitivitytofashion.C、obsessionwithhighfashion.D、lackofimagination.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段，scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther意为“斥责她那个毫无魅力的助手，因为她的助手认为高级时尚影响不到她自己”。所以题干criticizes是scolds的同义复现，B项中的“insensitivitytofashion”解释了“imaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther”，故选B项。A项“拙劣的讨价还价技巧”是针对bargainbininwhichthepoorgirl出的干扰项。C项“痴迷于高级时尚”与原文表述相反。D项“缺乏想象力”是针对imagining出的干扰项。7、AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumerstoA、combatunnecessarywaste.B、shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.C、resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.D、shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词mass-marketlabels定位到第二段。段中…theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable…torenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks．意为“这些时装厂商鼓励追求时尚的消费者把时装变成一次性消费品…过几星期就更新一次衣柜”，题干urge就是原文encourage的同义复现。从原文可知时装厂商是鼓励消费者频繁购物，因此D项正确。A项“抵制不必要的浪费”原文没有提及。B项“将疯狂的世界排除在外”，是对原文的曲解，也是利用短语atoddswith“与…起争执，有差异”设置的陷阱。C项“抵抗广告的影响”是针对原文althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat出的干扰项。8、Theword"indictment"(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningtoA、accusation.B、enthusiasm.C、indifference.D、tolerance.标准答案：A知识点解析：含义题。猜测单词含义要结合上下文的意思分析。本句…couldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed．ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”，or连接两个并列分句，or前是“太老套”，由此可判断or后应该是“太时尚”，describedinOverdressed，ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”都是作定语修饰thefeverishworld(发烧的、疯狂的世界)。结合前面couldn’t可知Cline对这fastfashion是否定的。段末提到hijack和shaking，也可知Cline对“快速时尚”持否定态度。B项enthusiasm“热情”、D项tolerance“宽容”都是褒义词。C项indifference“漠不关心，不感兴趣”，但本文态度倾向很明显。因此选A．accusation“谴责”。克莱因的态度也确实是谴责，从下文写其负面影响可见一斑。9、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A、Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.B、Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.C、Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.D、Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.标准答案：D知识点解析：推断题。本题可用排除法。A项“虚荣心更多地存在于理想主义者中”，原文只是说Vanityisaconstant“虚荣心人皆有之”，属于过度推断。B项“快速时尚产业忽视了可持续发展”与原文相悖，原文说有一些公司致力于减少对环境的影响。C项“人们对买不起的衣服更感兴趣”，无中生有。D项“价格对于环保型购物来说至关重要”，文章最后提到“只有当人们无法为自己的虚荣心买单时，他们才会以更加可持续的方式去购物”，句中的关键词是“afford”和“shopmoresustainably”，对应D项中的“pricing”和“environmental—friendlypurchasing”，因此选D项。10、Whatisthesubjectofthetext?A、Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.B、Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.C、Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.D、Exposureofamass-marketsecret.标准答案：C知识点解析：主旨题。综观文章，第一段用事例引入时尚的话题，第二段切人文章主要论述问题“快速时尚”，并指出它控制了时尚周期，动摇了时尚产业。第三、四段指出“快速时尚”的弊端，比如：消耗自然资源、使用大量有害的化学物质、浪费等。最后两段提到针对“快速时尚”的负面影响采取的应对措施。由此可知，C项“批评快速时尚产业”论述了文章的主题。A项“讽刺奢侈的生活方式”，原文没提。B项“挑战高级时尚的神话”、D项“揭露畅销的秘密”，均与文章关键词fastfashion无关。France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoa-greedtobanwebsitesthat"inciteexcessivethinness"bypromotingextremedieting.Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That'sastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath—assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep—andbone-showing.Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople."Thecharter'smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.11、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?A、Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.B、Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.C、Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.D、Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词thefirstparagraph定位到第一段。由首句“以作为全球时尚创新者为荣的法国已经承认失去定义女性形体美的绝对权利”可知，法国以前制定的女性形体美的标准已不再适用。第二句的“通过法律”“同意取缔”具体解释说明如何产生变化。故A项“形体美会被重新定义”符合第一段的主题。B项“新的T台会被重建”原文没有提及。C项“有关节食的网站将发展壮大”和D项“时尚界会衰落”不符合第一段内容。12、Thephrase"impingingon"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningtoA、heighteningthevalueof.B、indicatingthestateof.C、losingfaithin.D、doingharmto.标准答案：D知识点解析：含义题。根据关键词“impingingon”定位到第二段。第四句开头的And是逻辑关系词，表示前后并列。And之后指出“对过于瘦弱的模特的禁令，似乎保护的不仅仅是模特免于被饿死”，再结合本段第二句推断出，画线词组所在的句子也是积极正面的作用。再结合第二句的not可知，impingingon对health是“有害的，不利的”，故选D项doingharmto“损害；伤害；对…有害”为正确答案。A项“增加…的价值”、B项“揭示…的状态”和C项“失去信心”均不能解释impingingon。13、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?A、TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.B、NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.C、Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.D、Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词fashionindustry和选项内容定位到第五段。该段第二句指出“在丹麦、美国和其他一些国家，时尚界尝试为模特和时尚人物设定一些自愿的标准”，所以B项“丹麦正在制定新的标准”符合文意。同时结合第六段第二句的“新修订的《丹麦时尚道德宪章》做出明确声明”更加确定该选项。A项“法国的措施已经失败了”、C项“模特不再有同侪压力”和D项“它本身的问题正变得糟糕”均不符合文意。14、AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWforA、settingahighagethresholdformodels.B、caringtoomuchaboutmodels’character.C、showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.D、pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。根据关键词Adesigner和CFW定位到第六段。有关CFW的内容是“该宪章主要的执行手段是拒绝设计师和模特经纪公司进入由丹麦时装协会举办的哥本哈根时装周”。再结合该段首句“丹麦的时尚界上月同意关于模特年龄、健康和其他方面的法规和制裁”可知，丹麦时装学院不再只关注身材，也关注健康。所以C项“不考虑健康因素”可能是设计师被哥本哈根时装周拒绝的原因。A项“给模特设立较高的年龄门槛”、B项“太过关心模特的性格”和D项“追求完美的身材条件”均不是被拒绝的原因。15、Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A、TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustryB、JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeautyC、ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFranceD、AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。根据关键词besttitle定位到全文。本文的中心词为FashionIndustry(时尚界)，所以排除B项“只是新一轮的为美而奋斗”和C项“法国饥饿模特的困境”。A项“对时尚界的巨大威胁”偏离了文章中心。这篇文章的中心是围绕对时尚界理想身材观点的挑战，故D项“对时尚界理想身材的挑战”为正确答案。Inorderto"changelivesforthebetter"andreduce"dependency",GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe"upfrontworksearch"scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit—andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker'sallowance."Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon,"heclaimed."We'redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster"Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith"reforms"toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor"fundamentalfairness"—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon'tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase"jobseeker'sallowance"isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa"jobseeker"whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited"allowance,"conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.16、GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedtoA、providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.B、encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.C、motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.D、guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词GeorgeOsborne可定位到第一段。由首句Inorderto“changelivesforthebeRer”andreduce“dependency”可知GeorgeOsborne提出“upfrontworksearch”scheme的目的是“改善生活，减少依赖”，这与B项encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking“鼓励积极寻找工作”相吻合。17、Thephrase"tosignon"(Para.2)mostprobablymeansA、tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.B、toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.C、toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.D、toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.标准答案：C知识点解析：含义题。根据题干信息定位到第二段。由第三句Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork，notlookingtosignon可推断出答案应与lookingforwork语意相反。C项“注册享受政府补贴”，与找工作正好相对，为正确答案。A项“在就业中心寻找工作机会”与lookingforwork意思一致，所以不能选。B项“接受政府补贴的限制条件”跟找工作没有必然的对立关系。D项“参加政府的就业培训项目”文中并未提到。18、Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?A、Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.B、Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.C、Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.D、Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词prompt和chancellor定位到第二段。段中tryingtochangelivesforthebetter以及后一句Whatmotivatedhim,…washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”，破折号后列举了“基本公平”的具体表现。A项“保证所有人的美好生活”与tryingtochangelivesforthebetter一致，为正确答案。B项“保护失业者”，文章主要讲如何鼓励失业者找工作，并不是笼统地“保护”。C项“慷慨地对待申请人”与ensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits不符。D项“保证纳税人的公平”只是A项的补充信息，以偏概全。因此答案为A项。19、AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeelA、uneasy.B、enraged.C、insulted.D、guilty.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据题干信息定位到第三段。第三段首句与题干一致，由下旬Itisfinanciallyterrifying，psychologicallyembarrassing…可以得出A项uneasy“焦虑的，不安的”为正确答案。其他三个选项意思均不符合文意。20、Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?A、TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.B、Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.C、Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.D、Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.标准答案：D知识点解析：态度题。A项是Osborne的主张，不是作者观点；由最后一段的TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens，可知B项错误。由第三段Worse，thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared．和最后一段at￡71．70aweek，oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU，可知C项错误。综合理解最后一段，尤其是全文最后一句中的关键词Instead，可以推断出作者对有条件限制地申领救济金不满，故确定答案为D项。考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Thosedaysarelonggonewhenplacingatelephonecallmeantsimplypickingupthereceiverandaskingtheoperatortopatchyouthrough.Moderncellphonesrequireuserstonavigateaseriesofmenustofindnumbers,placecallsorcheckmessages.Eventhemosttech-savvymaytakeweekstodiscoversomeofthemoremysteriousmultimediafunctions.Imaginethedifficultyforsomeoneunabletoread.Thatisthechallengeformobilecommunicationscompaniesaimingtobranchoutintodevelopingcountries.Theprospectsseenfromthelastdecadearealluring:onlyaboutonetenthofIndia'spopulationusecellphones.Butsellingtopoorruralareasisnotlikelytohappenwithamarketingversionof"plugandplay."Mostpotentialbuyershavelittleexposuretoanythingotherthansimpleelectronics.Readingthroughaseriesofhierarchicalmenusandpushingbuttonsformultiplepurposeswouldbenewconceptsforsuchcustomers.Tocomeupwithasuitabledevice,Motorolareliedonateamofanthropologists,psychologistsanddesignerstostudyhowtextuallyilliteratevillagersusetheiragingtelevisions,tapeplayersandphones.Theresearchersnoticedthattheirsubjectswouldlearneachbutton'sdedicatedfunction.Withsomethingmorecomplicated,suchasanautomatedtellermachine,userswouldmemorizeasetofbehaviorsinorder,whichallowedthemtomovethroughthemachine'sbasichierarchywithouthavingtoreadthemenu.Theresearch,whichlastedthreeyears,ledMotorolatocraftacellularphoneslimmeddowntothreeessentialactivities:calling,managingnumbersandsimpletextmessaging."Alotofthefunctionsinacellphonearenotusefultoanyone,"pointsoutGabrielWhite,whoheadedtheinteractivedesignteam.Theicon-basedinterfacealsorequiredthought.Notallcellphonecompaniesbelievethatadesignfornonliterateusersshouldstartfromscratch.Nokia'sbehavioralresearchersnoticedthat"newbies"relyonfriendsandrelativestohelpthemwithbasicfunctions.Ratherthanconfrontingthechallengeofacompletelynewinterface,Nokiachosetoprovidesomeaudiomenusinitspopular1100modelandapreviewmodesothatpeoplecouldtryoutfunctionswithouttheriskofchanginganythingimportant.Mobilephonesmayevenbecometoolsforliteracy,predictsBJFogg,whostudiescomputer-humaninteractionatStanfordUniversity.Phonesmightteachthealphabetortellastoryasusersreadalong."Imagineifiteventuallycouldunderstandyourweakpointsanddrillyouonthose,"Foggproposes.Andsoonenough,hedeclares,designsorilliterateuserswillleadtomorestraightforward,elegantphonesforeveryone.1、ThedifferencebetweenmoderncellphonesandoldphonesliesinthatA、itrequiresmoreintelligenceandeducationtousemodemcellphones.B、ittakesmoreweekstogetfamiliarwithmodemcellphones.C、modemcellphonesaremorecomplicatedwithmanyfunctions.D、modemcellphonesaremoremysterioustoolsforpeople.标准答案：C知识点解析：事实细节题。答案在第一段镛该段主要就是介绍了过去的老式电话和现代手机使用方式上的不同，突出了现代手机纷繁复杂的功能及其对用户造成的困扰，故选C项。2、ThesalesofmobilephonestopoorruralareasmaybeimpossibleprobablybecausemostpotentialbuyersA、havedifficultywithmenusofmultiplepurposes.B、cannotacceptnewconceptsofmobilephones.C、onlyreadmenusandpushbuttonsofsimpleelectronics.D、donotlikethemarketingstrategyof"plugandplay".标准答案：A知识点解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节及转折细节。根据poorruralareas定位到第二段，段中But信号词提示新信息出现的地方，这段内容提到一些营销策略在贫困的农村地区行不通，因为那里的大多数潜在买家没有接触过复杂的电子产品，也就无法理解复杂菜单和按钮操作，故选A项。3、TheresearchesheldbyMotorolashowedthatthetextuallyilliteratevillagersA、werewillingtouseoldmachineswithlittlefunctions.B、hadtotakesomelessonstolearnthenewfunctions.C、couldrememberthemajorfunctionofeachbutton.D、wouldavoidreadingthehierarchymenusofthemachine.标准答案：D知识点解析：推理判断题。根据Motorola定位到第三段。文中提到不识字的乡下人在遇到使用复杂电器的情况时，往往按部就班记下操作流程而不看具体操作流程，故选D项。4、Theslangtermof"newbies"(Line2,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeansA、newstudents.B、newcomers.C、newborns.D、newwebs.标准答案：B知识点解析：词义推断题。原文该处提到是在亲人朋友的帮助下学会基本操作，由此可推断newbies有“新手”之义，B项正确。5、FoggbelievesthatthefuturemobilephonescouldnotA、teachilliteratestolearnalphabets.B、understandtheuser’sideasandpoints.C、helpusersexercisetheirlanguages.D、becomemoredirectandelegant.标准答案：B知识点解析：观点态度题。B项中谈到手机能了解人的想法，而文中提到的则是手机能了解人的阅读弱点，显然B项张冠李戴了。Themoneyisthere.Sowhyisitnotbeingspent?Thatisthebigpuzzleabouttherichworld'seffortstoimprovehealthinpoorcountries.InJunetheleadersoftheG8promisedupto$8billiontotheGlobalFundtoFightAIDS,TuberculosisandMalaria,anumbrellagroupcoordinatinghealthaid.TheGlobalFundcloseditslatestroundoffundingapplicationsthisweekbutmuchofthemoneycommittedremainsunused.Officialsatthefundinsistthatallisfine:disbursementsalwayslagcommitmentsandmoneycanbereleasedonlyifitwillbespenteffectively.ButexpertssuchasJosephDwyerofManagementSciencesforHealthsaythatthepitifulstateofpoorcountries'healthservicesisthemainreasonforthegapbetweenwhatispromisedandwhatisspent.JulianSchweitzeroftheWorldBanksaysthatphysicalandhumanshortagesinlocalhealthservicesrepresent"ahugebottlenecktoaid".Nowtheaideffortsmaybemakingthingsworse.JordanKassalowoftheScojoFoundation,anAmericancharity,observesthatrichsingle-issueoutfitstendtodivertthebestmedicaltalenttotrendycausesandawayfrombasicmedicineagainstdiarrhoeaandrespiratoryinfections—thechiefkillersofchildren.LaurieGarrettoftheCouncilonForeignRelationshasadifferentworry:thoseanti-corruptioneffortshavepusheddonorsintoanobsessionwithoftenmeaninglessshort-termtargets.Theresultisanever-endingstreamofdocumentsandmeetings.Asharpfocusonprocessandtargetsordainedfromonhighmakesithardertobeflexibleandinnovativeortotakeadvantageofenterprisinglocals.Inpoorcountries,lamentsMsGarrett,"wealmostspitontheprivatesector."Butitistheprivatesectorthatmayofferthemostpracticalchanceofprogress.Fedupwiththecostsofanunhealthyworkforce,manybiglocalandmultinationalfirmsinAfricaandAsiaarenowofferingtheirowninnovativehealthschemes.Thesestartedassimpleanti-AIDSeffortsatminingfirmssuchasAngloAmerican.Nowtheyhavespread.HSBC,aLondon-basedinternationalbank,recentlystartedaschemetoimproveitssuppliers'andcustomers'health.Intraining,too,private-sectorandvoluntaryeffortsmayworkbetterthanofficialprogrammes.TheInternationalCentreforEqualHealthcareAccesshastrainedthousandsoflocalhealth-careworkersinSou