Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionDiscoverUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版选择性2

主讲人：新建三中CathyUnit3EnvironmentalProtectionLesson3DiscoverUsefulStructure直接引语&间接引语WhatdidSianasayDirectspeechIndirectspeechPART01ObserveandLearn直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;直接引语用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫_________。间接引语直接引语通常都用____________括起来，引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个________。宾语从句直接引语

&

间接引语1Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange”3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction”4“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.DirectspeechIndirectspeech◆特殊疑问句：objectiveclause◆祈使句：verb+infinitive◆Noquotationmarks“”◆一般疑问句：if/whetherUsepasttenseHowtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech1. 变化——人称,时态,部分词(状语/代词),句式&语序

2.句式变化陈述句特殊疑问句一般疑问句祈使句Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthat____likedtennis.DengTaosaidtoLily,“howisyoursisternow”HeaskedLilyhow___

____wasthen.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethat_____wantedtohelphim.shehersisterthey人称变化句型转换（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom.”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthatwouldgoandseeagainthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethatwaswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier”heasked.→Heaskedif/whetherwasasoldier.（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John”→HeaskedJohnwherewasgoingtogetoff.sheIhimIheShesaid，“Weareplanningtohaveapicnic.”→Shesaidthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.Hesaid，“Wehavebegunourplan.”→Hesaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.Myteachersaidtous，“Earlybirdscatchworms.”→Myteachertoldusthatearlybirdscatchworms.时态变化直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，则间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示：

直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday.wewerehehadwrittenshewouldⅡ.直接引语变成间接引语时，以下情况，时态不变：1.主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句时态不变;

Hesays,“Ididn'tbrokethewindow.”

Hesaysthathedidn'tbrokethewindow.2.直接引语描述:客观事实、真理名言、习惯性动作,从句时态不变;“Theearthmovesaroundthesun,”theteachertoldus.

Theteachertoldusthattheearthmoves

aroundthesun.3.如果直接引语中由具体的过去某年/月/日作状语，从句时态不变。

Theoldman

said,“IwasbornonApril20,1949.”

Theoldman

said

(that)hewasbornonApril20,1949.4.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

WenHui

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning。”

5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式,时态不再变（例：could,

should,

would,

might）

Thedoctorsaidtome,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→ThedoctortoldmethatIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

或已经是过去时的形式时，时态不再变。（例：oughtto;hadbetterusedto）

DangRan

saidtome.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→She

said

(that)she

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→DangRan

said

tome(that)

I

had

better

go

there

that

day.代词，时状，地状，动词变化引语

用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些时间状语now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天代词，时状，地状，动词变化时间状语yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago（至今）以前before（那时）以前地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take带走come来go去（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewouldandhelphim________________.（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_________.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwithyoungmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlivedfiveyears.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

before语序变化1.陈述句的间接引语直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。口语中that常省略。“Iwanttheblueone.”hetoldus.Hetoldusthathewantedtheblueone.Shesaidtome,“Youcan’tplaygamesnow.”→ShetoldmethatIcouldn’tplaygamesthen.

(1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether或if

引导。(whether,if意思是“是否”)

例:“Canyoutellmethewaytothehospital”Theoldmanasked.→TheoldmanaskedwhetherIcouldtellhimthewaytothehospital.(2).特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原来的疑问词引导。如:“Whichroomdoyoulivein”Heasked.→HeaskedmewhichroomIlivedin.(3)选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether/if…or引导。如：“IsityourbikeorTom’sMumasked→Mumaskedwhether/ifitwasmybikeorTom’s(4).祈使句→动词+宾语+不定式。常见引述动词有tell,order,ask,warn。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。“Don’tworkinbed,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.PART02ExercisesHerearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.NameStatements/QuestionsDianeDianeaskedwhathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.Diane

askedif/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.NameStatements/QuestionsMarthaMarthasaid/toldmethatshewantedtobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Marthasaid/toldmethatshewasdoingaprojectonbehalfofherschoolaboutglobalwarming.BobBobasked

why

nuclearpowerwassuchasensitivetopic.Bobaskedif/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.NameStatements/QuestionsLauraLauraaskedhowmanyanimalshaddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.VincentVincentsaid/toldmethathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.Vincentaskedif/whetherscientistswoulddiscovernewspeciesthere.PART03LanguagesPointsshowcauseandeffectrelationships展示因果关系takeresponsibilityfor负责trydrawingadiagram试着画一个图表allowyoutovisualizetheproblemsmoreclearly使你更清楚地想象问题cuttheemissionofgreenhousegases减少温室气体排放sustainacolorfullifestyle保持丰富多彩的生活方式comprehensivequality综合素质attractworldwideattention吸引全世界的关注afrequentvisitor常客beseizedbycuriosity被好奇心所吸引carbonfootprints碳足迹beseizedbypanic惊慌失措4．submit

vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服(P28)Accordingtothereportsubmittedbyresearchers,between20and25percentofallannualcarbondioxideemissionsarecausedbythedestructionoftropicalforests.【翻译】根据研究人员提交的报告，每年有20%到25%的二氧化碳排放