2024-2025学年牛津深圳版八年级上学期英语阅读精讲专项练习说明文

阅读理解阅读理解·说明文知识知识讲解A篇Volunteeringmeansspendingsomeofyourfreetimehelpingothers.Youmayvolunteertohelpotherpeople,butyoucanalsovolunteertoprotectanimals,theenvironment,oranyotherthingthatyoucareabout.Volunteeringhelpsothers,butitcanalsohelpyou.Ifyou’reworriedaboutsomethingthat’shappened,doingsomethingcanbeagreatwaytocopewith（处理）yourfeelings.Volunteeringcanletyouseeyourownlifeinnewways.Sometimesit’seasytoworryaboutthingslikegradesorgetangrybecauseyoudon’thavethemostexpensiveshoesorthenewestcomputergame.Volunteeringletsyouspendsometimeonothersforawhile.Lotsofpeoplefindthattheyreallyenjoyvolunteering.Volunteerexperiences（经历）oftenputyouinadifferentenvironment.Doingvolunteerworkmeansoneveryimportantthing:Youmakeadifference（产生影响）intheworld.Volunteeringisagreatwaytohavefunwithyourfamily,andherearesomeideasonhowyoucandotogether:◎Cleanupapark,oraroadalongariver.◎Planttreesorflowersinyourcommunity.◎Servefoodatahomelessshelter.◎Givemealstopeoplewhoareelderlyorillathome.◎Cleanupaschoolorotherpublicbuildings.Someschoolsnowrequirekidstospendsomeoftheirtimeonservicetoothers.Volunteeringgiveskidsatasteofresponsibility（责任心）,becausepeoplearedependingonthemforsomethingimportant.Volunteeringalsocanhelpkidslearnimportantthingsaboutthemselves.Avolunteerjobcanevenhelpsomekidsdecidewhattheywanttodowhentheygrowup.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Makeaplantostartvolunteeringtoday!VocabularyVocabulary1.Volunteeringn.志愿活动；志愿者活动 2.volunteern.志愿者;adj.志愿的;v.自愿3.careabout关心；在乎；担忧；关怀 4.copewith 对付；处理；应付5.makeadifference有影响；起（重要）作用 6.homelessshelter收容中心；流浪汉庇护所；7.requirev.要求；需要；想要；命令 8.responsibilityn.责任；职责；责任感9.dependon依赖；依靠；凭借 10.growup向上生长；长大；成熟课堂练习课堂练习I.阅读理解1.Tobeavolunteerisusefultosomestudentsbecause___________.A.theywouldlikeverymuchtobuyexpensiveshoesB.theirschoolsaskthemtospendmoretimeservingothersC.itcanhelpthemmaketheirowndecisionswhentheyareolderD.theycanservefoodathomelessshelters2.Volunteeringcangiveusalotsothat_______________.A.weneedn’tworryaboutourgradesortheenvironmentB.wecanenjoybeingservedbetterindifferentwaysC.wehavemorefunonlywithourfamiliesandfriendsD.weshouldtryourbesttodomorevolunteerwork3.Thereasonwhystudentsareaskedtodosomevolunteeringisthat___.A.studentsshouldbemoreresponsiblefortheirschoolworkandsocialworkB.studentsaretoolazytodoanywork,insideoroutsidetheirschoolsandhomesC.studentsalwaysdependtoomuchontheirschoolsandfamiliesD.studentsarealwayswaitingforthedecisionsoftheirparentsorschools4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“community”meaninChinese?A.公社 B.公司C.社区D.社团II.英英释义1)AuntMaryvolunteeredtocleanupthekitchen.A.offerhelpwillingly B.want C.hate D.plan2)Imeantogoshoppingthisafternoon.A.mean B.planto C.amgoing D.meanthatIshall3)Ifyourequirefurtherinformation,youshouldasktheteacher.A.search B.need C.order D.enquire4)Weputofftheconferenceinordertobettercopewiththetensesituation.A.comeupwith B.mixwith C.dealwith D.togetherwith5)Theseaairhasmadeadifferencetohishealth.A.damaged B.madeadifficultytoC.beendifferentfrom D.improvedIII.词性转换1)meanv.（meandoingsth.）意思是，意味着；（meantodo）打算______________n.意义；含义____________________adj.有意义的___________________adj.无意义的Wefillupourliveswith___________________tasks.Thechildreadthestorybutdidnotcomprehendits___________________.“Whatdoyou___________________byopeningmyletterswithoutpermission?”Heglanced___________________attheotherpoliceman,thenhewentupthestairs.“Wefoundno___________________differencesatall,”,shesays.2)experiencen.经验，经历 ___________________adj.老练的，富有经验的___________________n.经验者，感受者Weshouldlearnfrom_____________________teachers.Wehadnever_______________thiskindofholidaybefore.3)responsibilityn.责任_________________________adj.有责任心的，负责的_________________________adv.负责的Doyouwanttobe_________________foryourownlifedecisions?Itwashis____________________forforeignaffairsthatgainedhiminternationalprestige.1.Volunteering 1.Volunteering 2.volunteer3.careabout4.copewith5.makeadifference6.homelessshelter7.require8.responsibility9.dependon10.growup1.Shewouldliketovolunteerata______________________________.2.Alittleknowledgecan______________________________atatimeofdeath.3.Weneedtotake______________________________forlookingafterourownhealth4.Donotimaginethatyoucan______________________________alltheproblems.5.Youcan’t______________________________yourparentsforever.6.Tomwantstobeacoachwhenhe______________________________.7.Shenowhelpsinalocalschoolasa______________________________threedaysaweek.8.Theyoungpeopleshould______________________________theold.9.______________________________doesn’tonlyimproveyourlife,butalsothelivesofothers10.This______________________________sometimeandpatience.V.句子翻译1.Volunteeringmeansspendingsomeofyourfreetimehelpingothers.2.Youmakeadifferenceintheworld.3.Someschoolsnowrequirekidstospendsomeoftheirtimeonservicetoothers.VI.语法填空Someschoolsnowrequirekids______________spendsomeoftheirtime___________servicetoothers.________________(Volunteer)giveskidsatasteof________________(responsible),becausepeoplearedependingonthemforsomethingimportant.Volunteeringalsocanhelpkidslearnimportantthingsabout(them).Avolunteerjobcanevenhelpsomekids(decision)whattheywanttodo______________theygrowup.Sowhatareyouwaiting______________?Makeaplantostartvolunteeringtoday!BYoungeradultswhogeteitherlittlesleeporalotofitmayseeagreaterincreaseintheirwaistlines(腰围)overtime,astudysuggests.Thestudyincluded332African-Americanand775Hispanic-American(拉丁裔美国人)menandwomenAmongthepeopleyoungerthan40intheresearch,thestudyfound,thosewhosaidtheysleptforfivehoursorlesseachnightgainedmorefatthanthosewhoaveragedsixorsevenhoursofsleep.Thosewhoslepteighthoursormoreinbedeachnightalsoshowedabiggerfatgain-butitwasnotasmuchasthatseenin“shortsleepers.”Thefindings,accordingtotheleadresearcherDr.Kristen,supportthebeliefthatsleephabitsaffectweight,andhealthingeneral.“Sleepisanimportantpartofyouroverallhealth--notjustinwhetheryou’retiredduringtheday,”shesaid.Asforwhysleeptimemightaffectabdominal-fatgain,thereareseveralfacts:Peoplewhogettoolittlesleepmaybetootiredduringthedaytoexercise,whilethosewhospendalotoftimeinbedmayspendlesstimebeingactive,comparingtopeoplewhosleepfewerhours.ResearchalsosuggeststhatWhat’smore,depression,whichisafeelingofsadnessthatmakespeoplethinkthereisnohopeforthefuture,couldalsobeareason.Healsonotedthatitoftenaffectspeople’ssleepandhasbeenlinkedtoweightgain.VocabularyVocabulary1.increasev.增加，增大，增多 2.suggestv.建议，提议；暗示；3.measurev.测量n.措施 4.accordingto根据5.affectv.影响；感染； 6.whether是否；不管7.asfor至于，关于 8.whileconj.在…期间；虽然；而9.compareto比较；把...比作 10.notev.注意；记录11.belinkto与…连接；与…有关联课堂练习课堂练习I.阅读理解1. ______willgetlessfatgainaccordingtothepassage. A.Youngeradultswhosleepforfivehoursorless B.Peoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseveryday C.YoungeradultswhoarefromAfricaorAmerica D.Peoplewhosleepaboutsixorsevenhoursaday2. Theunderlinedword“that”refersto______. A.afatgain B.sleephabits C.toolittlesleep D.toomuchsleep3. Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? A.Themorewesleep,themoreenergeticwewillbe. B.Thelesswesleepeveryday,thelessfatwewillget. C.Thosewhoareinsadnesscouldeasilygetabiggerfatgain. D.TheAfricanandHispanicadultseasilygetagreaterweightgain.II.单词连线1)measure putforwardaplanorideaforsomeonetothinkabout2)suggest becomesgreaterinnumber,level,oramount.

3)affect actionandstep4)note influenceorcausetochangeinsomeway.5)increase becomeawareofsomethingIII.词性转换suggestv.建议_________________n.建议measurev.测量；n.测量，措施_______________________n.测量；[计量]度量；尺寸comparev.比较_____________________n.比较；对照notev.注意，记录n.笔记，票据increasev.增长n.增加，增长___________________adj.渐增的___________________adv.越来越多地；渐增地________________v.下降，减少IV.适当形式填空1）Shewasfindingit______________________(increase)difficulttogetabout.2）Ihavelotsof_______________________(suggest)forthepark’sfuture.3)Sinceoxygenis_______________(decrease),temperatureisgraduallyrising.V.选词填空increase increase suggestmeasureaccordingto affectwhetherasfor while compareto note belinkto2.Suddenly,I_______________________thattherainhadstopped.3.Itwasdifficultto_______________________thepreciseimpactofthelaboraction.4.Thecompanyhas_______________________thepriceofitscars.5.Morethansevenmillionpeoplehavebeen_______________________bydrought.6.Idon’tknow_______________________they’vefoundanybodyyet.7.Bothstations_______________________theairportbycitybuses.8._______________________myson,it’snotallbad.9.Thefirsttwoservicesarefree,_______________________thethirdcosts£35.00.10.Thewriterwas_______________________Shakespeare.VI.语法填空Amongthepeopleyounger_____________40intheresearch,thestudyfound,thosewhosaidtheyslept__________fivehoursorlesseachnightgainedmorefatthanthosewhoaveragedsix__________sevenhoursofsleep.Thosewhoslepteighthoursormoreinbedeachnightalsoshoweda_____________(big)fatgain-butitwasnotasmuchasthatseenin“short_____________(sleep).”Thefindings,accordingtothelead_____________(research)Dr.Kristen,supportthebeliefthatsleephabitsaffectweight,___________healthingeneral.“Sleepisanimportantpartofyouroverallhealth--notjustinwhetheryou’re_____________(tired)duringtheday,”shesaid.VII.句子翻译1.Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V...（不可否认的...）翻译：不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经越来越糟。_______________________________________________________________________2.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~（全世界都知道...）翻译：全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。_______________________________________________________________________3.Thereisnodoubtthat+句子~~（毫无疑问的...）翻译：毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。_______________________________________________________________________4.Anadvantageof~~~isthat+句子（...的一个优点是...）翻译：使用太阳能一个优点是它不会制造任何污染。_______________________________________________________________________写作重点句型积累1.assoonas一…就…如：What’smore,IwillturnoffthelightsorcomputersassoonasIleavearoom.2.(not)as/so…as和…一样;不如如：YaoMingisasfamousasLiuXianginChina.LilyisnotasinterestedinEnglishasLucy.3.as…aspossible尽可能地如：Isuggestweshouldreusebooksaslongaspossible.Sheissointerestedinartthatshewantstovisitthemuseumassoonaspossible.4）.asksbforsth..请求，要求如：Whenweareintroublewecanaskourteacherforhelp.5）.ask/tellsb.(how)todosth.请教/告诉某人如何做…如：MomaskedmetohelpmygrandmatocleanthehouselastSunday.Jimtoldmehowtoplaychessthedaybeforeyesterday.6）.ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.请/告诉某人做/不做某事如：Ourteachertellsusnottoreadinthesun.7）.beafraidofdoingsth./that…害怕做某事/害怕，担心…如：Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakeswhenyoulearnEnglish.Annaisafraidofspeakinginpublic.Iamafraidthatit’sverydifficulttomakeBoblearnmathfor1houreveryday.8）.bebusydoing忙于做某事如：Momisbusycooking.9）.befamous/late/readyfor…以…著名,迟到，为...做准备如：BeijingisfamousfortheGreatWall.IamsorryIamlateforschool.10）.begladthat…高兴…如：MyparentsareverygladthatIwonthefirstplaceintheEnglishSpeechcompetitionlastweek.11）.both…and……与…两者都…如：BothLiMingandWeiHuaaregoodatEnglish.BothTomandJackaregoodatmathgoodatmath.12）.buy/give/show/send/pass/bring/lend/tellsb.sth.为某人买某物如：Wouldyouliketotellmesomeofyourunforgettableexperience?Mr.Sunistheteacherwhonotonlygivesmeknowledgebutalsoencouragesmetobepositiveallthetime.Pleaseremembertobringyourdictionaryheretomorrow.Couldyoupleaselendmeyourdictionary?13）.give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tellsthtosb.把…给某人如：You’dbettermakeaschedule,setupagoalforeachdayandshowthemtoyourparents.Pleasepassacupofwatertome.Pleasegivethisbooktohim.14）.either…or要么…要么…如：Eitherstudyorworkisbasedonstrongbody.EitheryouorIamwrong.Atmeeting,youcanspeakeitherChineseorEnglish.15）.enjoy/hate/finish/mind/keep/goondoing喜欢做某事如：Afterclass,we’dbettergooverthelessonsandfinishdoingourhomeworkontime.Ikepthimreadingthetextsothathecouldreciteitquickly.16）.get+比较级变得越…如：Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Don’tworry.Hewillgetbetter.17）.getonwith与…相处如：Icangetonwellwithmynewclassmates.Theteachersaregettingonwellwithstudents.18）.getreadyfor/getsth.ready为…做准备如：Wearegettingreadyforourfinalexam.Thesedaysallthestudentsarebusyexercisingtogetreadyforthephysicsexamination.19）.hadbetter(not)do最好做/不做如：You’dbetterwritedownallyourideas.You’dbetternottellheraboutit.20）.helpsb(to)do/helpsb.withsth帮某人做某事如：Couldyoupleasehelpmewithmychemistry?Theboyhelpedtheoldmantocarryabunchofwoodupthehills.【活学活用】用上述常用句型翻译下列句子孩子们在忙着准备妈妈的生日聚会。Thechildren______________________theirmother’sbirthdayparty他那么喜欢听音乐，我想有必要给他买个ipodtouch作为生日礼物。Heasabirthdaygift.昨晚我的朋友琳娜缠着我在电话里说了半个小时。MyfriendLinNaonthephoneforhalfanhourlastnight.因为下大雨，他让我等了两个小时。Becauseoftheheavyrain,.李先生过去总吸烟。直到得了重病，他才戒烟。Mr.Liusedtosmokealot.___________hewasseriouslyill.你最好不要让他抄你的作业。lethimcopyyourhomework我们的英语老师生病了。我们打算给他买些花。OurEnglishteacherisill.We’regoingto.8）你和我都要在八点以前到那里。___havetogettherebefore8.9）李涛英语不太好，我常常帮助他（学）英语。LiTaodoesn’tdowellinEnglish.Ioften____hisEnglish.10）苏珊一到学校我们就出发。Wewillsetoff_____________________Susangetstoschool.利比亚人民对和平的渴望和全世界人民一样强烈。Libyans’wishforpeaceis______thatofthepeopleallovertheworld.对不起，我迟到了。IamsorryI______________________class.你能尽可能快地修好我的电脑吗？Canyoumendmycomputer___________？北京以其众多的文明古迹而闻名于世。Beijing____________________itsmanyplacesofinterestintheworld.讲英语时不要怕犯错误。__________________________________mistakeswhenyouspeakEnglish.学生们正忙着帮老人们打扫房间。Thestudents______________________________thehouse.17）我有两个学习英语的方法。一个是大声朗读，另一个是坚持尽可能多做阅读。IhavetwowaysoflearningEnglish.Oneisreadingaloud,______________________________.18）妈妈常常告诉我，既不要炫耀自己，也不要轻视别人。Momoften_____________________________________________________.19)我很高兴你通过了考试。__________________________________________youpasstheexam.

课后作业课后作业I.Multiplechoices1.Wouldyoupleasetellmeifthereareanystudentsintheclassroomnow?A.inthepast B.atlast C.inasecond D.atpresent2.Let’sgetreadyforthecomingexam.A.prepare B.help C.satisfy D.look3.Youcanputthecatonabalanceifyouwanttoknowhowheavyitis.A.itsheight B.itsshape C.itslength D.itsweight4.Somepeopleareveryunkindtoanimals.A.wild B.cruel C.giant D.dangerous5.Nearly1,500peoplewillattendthemeeting.A.Hardly B.Finally C.Over D.Almost6.Mrs.Hilldidn’tgoout___________untilherhusband____________backhome.A.when;came B.when;hadcome C.until;came D.until;hadcome7.Howmuchdoyou____________?___________kilograms.A.weigh;Near B.measure;Near C.weigh;Nearly D.measure;Nearly8.Doyou____________thedogwithanyoneelse?No.Ilookafterit_____________.A.careabout;myself B.carefor;onmyownC.carefor;ofmyown D.takecareof;ofmyown9.Thereareafewmistakesinyourcomposition,Jack.Youdidn’tspellsomeofthewords___________.Isee,Mr.Brown.I’llcheckmyhomework____________nexttime.A.correctly;morecarefully B.correct;morecarefullyC.correctly;mostcarefully D.correct;mostcarefully10.Jeffhasn’t_____________theemailyet.Heistoobusy.A.responded B.answered C.respondedto D.replied11.Amydoesn’tlook___________.Sheshouldgotoseethedoctor.A.nice B.good C.well D.best12.Excuseme.Iwantto____________thisTVset.What’stheproblem,sir?A.buy B.sell C.complaintabout D.makeacomplaintof13.Nancyshouldwork___________thanbeforesothatshecouldpassthecomingMathsexam.A.morehardly B.hardly C.harder D.morehard14.____________toourteacher,thishelpsus__________moreresponsiblepeople.A.Accordingto;becoming B.Thanks;becomingC.Accordingto;become D.Thanks;become15._________thestudentsinourschoolisbecominglargerandlarger.Yes.And____________touristshavecometovisitourschool.A.Anumberof;thenumberof B.Thenumberof;anumberofC.Anumberof;anumberof D.Thenumberof;thenumberof16._______scientistshavedonemuchstudyonSARS,therearestillsomecasesfor__________study.A.Though;far B.Although;far C.Though;farther D.Although;further17.Helooks___________.Helooks____________atme.A.happy;happily B.happily;happy C.happy;happy D.happily;happily18.Thepopulationoftheworld_________still__________now.A.has;grown B.is;growing C.will;grow D.are;growingII.ClozeDavidisamiddleschoolstudent.Hehadlivedinasmall1forfifteenyears.Itwasasmallplacewithonlyfivefamilieslivingthere.Hisfather,Mr.Hill,wasarichfarmerandlateronhe2ashopinourtown.Heboughtahouseherelastmonth.His__3__movedtothenewhouseandhissonbegantostudyinourclass.Buthehad_4___friendshere.Atfirstheoftenplayedby5HisneighborCathyisakindgirl.Shehasmanyfriends.Shefindstheboynevertalkswithanybodyanddecidestohelphim.David__6__tostaywithherandtalkstoheralot.Nowthey’regoodfriends.Oneafternoon,CathytoldDavid,“It’llbemysixteenthbirthdaytomorrow.I’llhaveabirthdayparty.Wouldyouliketocome?”“_7__.I’mgladto,”theboysaidhappily.Davidgothomeandthoughtofa8hecouldgivetoCathy.Hewassorrythathe9toaskthegirlwhatsheliked.Hecouldn’ttelephoneherbecausehedidn’tknowher10.AtthatmomentMrs.Hillcameandasked,“What’sthematter,dear?”“Whatwouldyoulikeifitwasyoursixteenthbirthday,Mom?”“Nothing,”thewomansaid,“IjustwishIweresixteen.”()1.A.town B.cityC.villageD.country()2.A.openB.opensC.openedD.opening()3.A.homeB.shopC.buildingD.family()4.A.afewB.few C.alittleD.little()5.A.himselfB.himC.hisD.he()6.A.enjoyB.enjoysC.likeD.likes()7.A.WellB.NoC.SorryD.Certainly()8.A.bookB.dressC.presentD.pen()9.A.forgotB.forgetC.rememberD.remembered()10.A.home B.numberC.placeD.addressIII.阅读理解AAnoldladyinaplanehadablanketoverherheadandshedidnotwanttotakeitoff.Theairhostessspoketoher,buttheoldladysaid,“Ihaveneverbeeninaplanebefore,andIamfrightened.Iamgoingtokeepthisblanketovermyheaduntilwearebackonthegroundagain!”Thenthecaptaincame.Hesaid,“Madam,Iamthecaptainofthisplane.Theweatherisfine,therearenocloudsinthesky,andeverythingisgoingverywell.“Butshecontinuedtohide.Sothecaptainturnedandstartedtogoback.Thentheoldladylookedoutfromundertheblanketwithoneeyeandsaid,“Iamsorry,youngman,butIdon’tlikeplanesandIamnevergoingtoflyagain.ButI’llsayonething,“Shecontinuedkindly,“Youandyourwifekeepyourplaneveryclean!”1.Anoldladyhad_________.A.glasses

B.ablanketoverherhead

C.acoat

D.abasket2.Shedidn’twantto_