Unit4ProtectingourheritagesitesGrammarandUsage课件高中英语译林版(2020)选择性

.Definition定义1.同位语一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。拿掉不影响句子完整性。2.分类名词（短语）代词从句都可以充当同位语本课重点：从句充当同位语ⅠExamples1.Yourbrother,aniceteacher,isteachinggeography.2.Myfatherwillgoandseeithimself.3.Myfriendsallunderstandme.4.Igotafeelingthatonedayhewillbefamous.5.WeChinesepeoplearedeterminedandhard-working.名词短语代词代词从句名词短语3.同位语从句①定义同位语从句指在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句的范畴。同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系（即被解释说明的词=同位语）。e.g.ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让姐妹俩感到吃惊。抽象名词同位语从句同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句同位语从句——常接同位语从句的名词不是所有的名词后面都能跟同位语从句，只有少数抽象名词可以跟同位语从句。常见的充当同位语从句先行词的名词有：adviceagreement协议belief信念doubt怀疑explanationfactword消息proposal建议hopeideanewsopinionorder命令promise诺言possibilityproblemtruthquestion问题reportsuggestionthoughtinformationwishwarning警告probabilityreplyevidence证据proof证据messageconclusionTheidea

thatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.同位语从句的引导词从属连词连接代词连接副词Meaning？意义Component？在从句所做成分that,whetherwhat,which,who,whom,whosewhen,where,how,why从属连词that,whether1)Hetoldmethenews______hewouldcomehomefromabroadsoon.2)Shewasindoubt_________shehadmadetherightdecision.thatwhether小结：that:____意义、______成分、_______省略，只起连接作用whether:_____意义、______成分、_______省略无不作不可有不作不可只用whether引导,不用if。连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose1)Ihavenoidea________myclassmateisspeakingwith.2)Ihavenoidea_______causedthematter.3)Ihavenoidea_________shoesitis.4)Ihavenoidea_______onetochoose.whomwhatwhichwhose小结：连接代词____意义、作_______________成分、_______省略有主、宾、定等不可宾主定定连接副词when,where,how,why1)Youhavenoidea_______worriedIwas!2)Hehassolvedtheproblem________theTVwasoutoforder.3)Thecouplearediscussingthequestion________theyshouldhavetheirhoneymoonnextmonth.4)Thedecision_________theywillleaveforBeijinghasn’tbeenmade.howwhywhere/howwhen小结：连接副词____意义、作______成分、_______省略有状语不可同位语从句的引导词引导词用法从属连词that无成分，无意义whether无成分，意为“是否”连接代词what,which,who,whom,…+ever,whose在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语连接副词how,when,where,…+ever,why在从句中充当状语引导词怎么选？一判二判判断是否是名词性从句判断从句是否完整缺成分不缺成分缺人：who/whom缺东东：what缺定语：“哪个”——which；“谁的”——whose语义完整：that语义不完整：when、where、why、how、悬而未决：whether同位语从句引导词均不可省略！特殊形式1.间隔式同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，有些情况下，同位语从句和名词被其他词隔开。①Wordcamethattheconcerthadbeenputoff.②Anideaoccurredtoherthatshecouldtryanotherway.特殊形式2.在某些名词(如demand,suggestion,wish,advice,等)后的同位语从句，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”，should可以省略。①Wefollowedhisadvice

thatwe(should)turntoourteacherforhelp.②Weallagreedtohissuggestion

thatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.③Icanunderstandtheirwishes

thatthey(should)haveaholiday.

一坚持insist二命令order,command三建议advise,suggest,propose四要求require,request,demand,desireComparethefollowingpairofsentences:Thenews

that

hetoldusatthemeetingmadeusexcited.定语从句，修饰作用；that有意义，是连接代词,作宾语Thenews

that

Marywouldbepromotedmadeusexcited.同位语从句，表内容；that无意义，是连接词，不做句子成分同位语从句——与定语从句的辨析that引导的同位语从句，句子完整；that引导的定语从句，句子不完整，缺成分（主/宾）。同位语从句定语从句引导词实例引导同位语从句的词有:that,whether,what,who,whom,whose,when,where,how等。that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，无具体意义，在从句中不作成分，不能用which代替，且不能省略。有些引导词如how,whether,what不能引导定语从句。that引导定语从句时，不但起连接作用，而且在从句中作成分，作宾语时可以省略Theorder

thatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)Theorder

thatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,theorder在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.2.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.3.That’sthebestpieceofnewsI’veheard.判断下列句子哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。定语从句定语从句同位语从句4.Isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7:30?

5.Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesn’texistatall.

6.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.

7.ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句ChrisisreadinganarticleabouttheefforttosavehistorictemplesinEgypt.Findthesentenceswithappositiveclauses.()()()()()()()()ExploringtherulesWorkingouttherulesAnappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent.Weoftenuse(1)____,(2)_________oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.whetherthatReadthesentencesbelowandticktheonewithappositiveclauses.1WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohaddestroyedtheancientstatues.对doubt内容进行描述修饰限定clue，从句缺主语3Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteisthreatened.4Thereisnoquestionwhetherweshouldprotectoursharedheritage--wesimplyhaveto.5IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.why修饰reason对question内容进行描述对idea内容进行描述ChrismeetswithMissMatodiscussUNESCO’sworkrelatedtoheritagepreservation.Completetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.Checkyouranswers!P49B2whetherthathowmanythatthatPracticeSomeholdthebelief_______theycanalwaysfindmorewaysofsolvingproblems.Thedecision_________wewillhavethecelebrationnextmonthhasnotbeenmade.Weworkashardaswecanintheknowledge_________oureffortswilleventuallypayoff.Doesanyonehaveanyidea_______hashappenedtoPaul?Sheraisedtheproblem________wecouldimprovecommunicationnetweenmanagersandstaff.thatthatwhetherwhathow6.Wehavejustreceivedawarning________astormisontheway.7.Thereissomedoubtamongthestudents__________thetravelplanwillbecancelled.8.Manypeoplerespondedpositive;ytothesuggestion_______weshouldraisemoneyforlocalcharities.9.Wehadaheateddiscussiononthequestion__________onlinelearningwasbettersuitedforhighschoolstudents.10.MrSmithreallyhasnoidea_______iswrongwiththeirprogramme.thatthatwhetherwhetherwhatPractice(1)Wewereexcitedatthenews.(2)Ourfootballteamhadwonthematch.2.(1)Theyhadthequestion.(2)Couldhepassthefinalexam?Wewereexcitedatthenewsthatourfootballteamhadwonthematch.Practice—合并句子。Theyhadthequestionwhetherhecouldpassthefinalexam.Doyouhaveanyidea_____allthishappened?A.which B.that C.why D.whether2.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome____Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday．

A.if B.when C.that D.which3.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass________hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.

A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because一、选择适当的连接词。四、翻译句子。1.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.2.谁来接替他的位置，这个问题还没有决定。Thequestionwhowilltakehisplacehasn’tbeendecided.AbuSimbeltemplesLead-in阿布辛拜勒神庙Doyouknowthisheritagesite?Task1:Whatdangerdidthetemplesface?Howweretheysaved?Task2：Findthesentenceswithappositiveclause.1....noonecandenythe

factthattheywereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE.2....theyhadnoidea

whetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.3.Someexperts,however,hadafeeling

thatitwaspossible.4.Atfirst,theyhadnoidea

whichwaycouldwork.5.Therewasnoguarantee

thatitwouldwork...6....theexpertshadnoclue

whetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport.7....wehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritagepreservation.ExploringtherulesWorkingtherulesAnappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent.Weoftenuse(1)________,(2)________

oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.thatwhetherApplyingtherules1.WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2.Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohad destroyedtheancientstatues.3.Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteis threatened.4.Thereisnoquestionthatweshouldprotectoursharedheritage— wesimplyhaveto.5.IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.Readthesentencesbelowandticktheoneswithappositiveclauses.B1定语从句定语从句ChrismeetswithMissMatodiscussUNESCO’sworkrelatedtoheritagepreservation.Completetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.P49B2whetherthathowmanythatthatApplyingtherulesChris: Iwasupsetthatthoseaccidentbuildingswereinsuchbadcondition.Jenny: Butdidn’tyouhearthenews(1)_________________________?Chris: No,Ididn’t.That’sgreatnews!Ihaveadream(2)_____________________________________________________.Jenny: I’lljoinyou.Afterall,wehavenoidea(3)__________________________________.Inpairs,