大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷8（共230题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷8（共9套）（共230题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Usingacomputerorsmartphoneatnightcancauseustopileonthepounds,newresearchhasrevealed.Thestudyfoundalinkbetweenbluelight【C1】________—bluelightisemittedbysmartphonesandtablets—andincreasedhunger.Itfoundthatexposuretothelightincreaseshungerlevelsforseveralhoursandevenincreaseshungerlevelsaftereatingameal.ResultsoftheU.S.studyshowthatblue-enrichedlightexposure,comparedwith【C2】________lightexposure,was【C3】________withanincreaseinhungerthatbegan15minutesafterlightonsetandwasstill【C4】________almosttwohoursafterthemeal.Bluelightexposurehasalsoalreadybeenshowntodecreasedsleepinessintheeveningincreasingtheriskofinsomnia.Studyco-authorIvyCheung,ofNorthwesternUniversity,inChicago,said:"Asinglethree-hourexposuretoblue-enrichedlightintheevening【C5】________impactedhungerandglucosemetabolism.Theseresultsareimportantbecausetheysuggestthatmanipulatingenvironmentallightexposureforhumansmayrepresentanovel【C6】________ofinfluencingfoodintakepatternsandmetabolism."Thestudygroup【C7】________10healthyadultswithregularsleepandeatingscheduleswhoreceived【C8】________carbohydrate-richmeals.Theycompletedafour-daytrialunderdimlightconditions,whichinvolvedexposuretolessthan20luxduring16hoursawakeandlessthanthreeluxduringeighthoursofsleep.Ondaythreetheywereexposedtothreehoursof260lux,blue-enrichedlightstarting10.5hoursafterwakingup,andtheeffectswerecomparedwithdimlightexposureondaytwo.MsCheungsaidmoreresearchisneededto【C9】________themechanismsofaction【C10】________intherelationshipbetweenlightexposure,hungerandmetabolism.A)associatedF)rarelyK)identicalB)acutelyG)settleL)mannerC)comprisedH)presentM)involvedD)determineI)approachN)dimE)dumpJ)randomlyO)exposure1、【C1】标准答案：O知识点解析：空格前为名词light，空格后为破折号，betweenbluelight________andincreasedhunger为并列结构，因此空格处应填入名词（n.）。由句意可知，空格处的名词应与“接触”表意相近，同时第三段也提到lightexposure，名词中只有O项exposure“暴露”符合句意。故本题选O。2、【C2】标准答案：N知识点解析：空格前为介词with，空格后为lightexposure，因此空格处应填入形容词（a.）。由句意可知，空格处的形容词应与“暗淡的”表意相近，而且第五段也提到dimlightconditions，形容词中只有N项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”符合句意。故本题选N。3、【C3】标准答案：A知识点解析：空格前为be动词was，空格后为介词with，因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词（v.-ed）。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“联系”表意相近，动词中只有A项associated“联系”符合句意。故本题选A。4、【C4】标准答案：H知识点解析：空格前为wasstill，空格后为副词almost，因此空格处应填入形容词（a.）。由句意可知，空格处的形容词应与“存在的”表意相近，形容词中只有H项present“存在的”符合句意。故本题选H。5、【C5】标准答案：B知识点解析：空格前为intheevening，空格后为谓语impacted，本句不缺主干成分，因此空格处应填入副词（ad.）。由句意可知，空格处的副词应与“重大”表意相近，副词中只有B项acutely“深深地，极其”符合句意。故本题选B。6、【C6】标准答案：I知识点解析：空格前为anovel，空格后为of，因此空格处应填入名词（n.）。由句意可知，空格处的名词应与“方法”表意相近，名词中只有I项approach“方法，途径”符合句意。故本题选I。7、【C7】标准答案：C知识点解析：空格前为主语Thestudygroup，空格后为宾语10healthyadults，因此空格处应填入动词（v.）。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“包含”表意相近，动词中只有C项comprised“包括，包含，由……组成”符合句意。故本题选C。8、【C8】标准答案：K知识点解析：空格前为received，空格后为carbohydrate-richmeals，因此空格处应填入形容词（a.）。由句意可知，空格处的形容词应与“同一的”表意相近，形容词中只有K项identical“同一的，完全相同的”符合句意。故本题选K。9、【C9】标准答案：D知识点解析：空格前为to，空格后为定冠词the，因此空格处应填入动词（v.）。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“决定”表意相近，动词中只有D项determine“查明；决定”符合句意。故本题选D。10、【C10】标准答案：M知识点解析：空格前为action，空格后为介词in，因此空格处应填入动词（v.）。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“涉及”表意相近，动词中只有M项involved“卷入，涉及，参与”符合句意。故本题选M。二、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Who'sReallyAddictingYoutoTechnology?[A]"NearlyeveryoneIknowisaddictedinsomemeasuretotheInternet,"wroteTonySchwartzinTheNewYorkTimes.It'sacommoncomplaintthesedays.AsteadystreamofsimilarheadlinesaccusetheNetanditsoffspringapps,socialmediasitesandonlinegamesofaddictingustodistraction.[B]There'slittledoubtthatnearlyeveryonewhocomesincontactwiththeNethasdifficultydisconnecting.Manyofus,likeSchwartz,struggletostayfocusedontasksthatrequiremoreconcentrationthanittakestopostastatusupdate.AsonepersonironicallyputitinthecommentssectionofSchwartz'sonlinearticle,"AsIwasreadingthisveryexcellentarticle,Istoppedatleasthalfadozentimestocheckmyemail."[C]There'ssomethingdifferentaboutthistechnology:itisbothinvasiveandpersuasive.Butwho'satfaultforitsoveruse?Tofindsolutions,it'simportanttounderstandwhatwe'redealingwith.Therearefourpartiesconspiringtokeepyouconnected:thetech,yourboss,yourfriendsandyou.[D]Thetechnologiesthemselves,andtheirmakers,aretheeasiestsuspectstoblameforourdiminishingattentionspans.NicholasCarr,authorofTheShallows:WhattheInternetIsDoingtoOurBrains,wrote,"Thenetisdesignedtobeaninterruptionsystem,amachinegearedtodividingattention."[E]OnlineserviceslikeFacebook,Twitterandthelike,arecalledoutasmastersofmanipulation—makingproductssogoodthatpeoplecan'tstopusingthem.Afterstudyingtheseproductsforseveralyears,Iwroteabookabouthowtheydoit.Ilearneditallstartswiththebusinessmodel.Sincetheseservicesrelyonadvertisingrevenue,themorefrequentlyyouusethem,themoremoneytheymake.It'snowonderthesecompaniesemployteamsofpeoplefocusedonengineeringtheirservicestobeasengagingaspossible.Theseproductsaren'thabit-formingbychance:it'sbydesign.Theyhaveanincentivetokeepushooked.[F]However,asgoodastheseservicesare,therearesimplestepswecantaketokeepthematbay.Forexample,wecanchangehowoftenwereceivethedistractingnotificationsthattriggeroururgetocheck.AccordingtoAdamMarchick,CEOofmobilemarketingcompanyKahuna,lessthan15percentofsmartphoneuserseverbothertoadjusttheirnotificationsettings—meaningtheremaining85percentofusdefaulttotheappmakers'everypresettrigger.GoogleandApplehavemadeitfartoodifficulttoadjustthesesettingssoit'suptoustotakestepstoensurewesetthesetriggerstosuitourownneeds,nottheneedsoftheappmakers'.[G]WhilecompanieslikeFacebookharvestattentiontogeneraterevenuefromadvertisers,othertechnologieshavenosuchagenda.Takeemail,forexample.Thissystemcouldn'tcarelesshowoftenyouuseit.Yettomany,emailisthemosthabit-formingmediumofall.Wecheckemailatallhoursoftheday—we'reobsessed.Butwhy?Becausethat'swhatthebosswants.Foralmostallwhite-collarjobs,emailistheprimarytoolofcorporatecommunication.Aslowresponsetoamessagecouldhurtnotonlyyourreputationbutalsoyourlivelihood.[H]Yourfriendsarealsoresponsiblefortheaddiction.Thinkaboutthisfamiliarscene.Peoplegatheredaroundatable,enjoyingfoodandeachother'scompany.There'slaughterandabitofkidding.Then,duringanintervalintheconversation,someonetakesouttheirphonetocheckwhoknowswhat.Barelyanyonenoticesandnoonesaysathing.[I]Now,imaginethesamedinner,butinsteadofcheckingtheirphone,thepersonbelches(打嗝)—loudly.Everyonenotices.Unlessthemealtakesplaceinabeerhouse,thisisconsideredbadmanners.Theimpoliteactviolatesthebasicrulesofetiquette.Onehastowonder:whydon'tweapplythesamesocialnormstocheckingphonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversationsaswedotootherantisocialbehaviors?Somehow,weacceptitandsaynothingwhensomeoneoffends.[J]Therealityis,takingone'sphoneoutatthewrongtimeisworsethanbelchingbecause,unlikeotherminoroffensecheckingtechiscontagious.Onceonepersonlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame,startingachainreaction.Themorepeopleareontheirphones,thefewerpeoplearetalkinguntilfinallyyou'retheonlyoneleftnotreadingemailorcheckingTwitter.Fromasocietalperspective,phonecheckingislesslikebelchinginpublicandmorelikeanotherbadhabit.Ourphonesarelikecigarettes—somethingtodowhenwe'reanxious,boredorwhenourfingersneedsomethingtotoywith.Seeingothersenjoyasmoke,orsneakaquickglance,istootemptingtoresistandsooneveryoneisdoingit.[K]Thetechnology,yourboss,andyourfriends,allinfluencehowoftenyoufindyourselfusing(oroverusing)thesegadgets.Butthere'sstillsomeonewhodeservesscrutiny—thepersonholdingthephone.[L]Ihaveaconfession.EventhoughIstudyhabit-formingtechnologyforaliving,disconnectingisnoteasyforme.I'monlinefarmorethanI'dlike.LikeSchwartzandsomanyothers,Ioftenfindmyselfdistractedandofftask.IwantedtoknowwhysoIbeganself-monitoringtotrytounderstandmybehavior.That'swhenIdiscoveredanuncomfortabletruth.Iusetechnologyasanescape.WhenI'mdoingsomethingI'drathernotdo,orwhenI'msomeplaceI'drathernotbe.Iusemyphonetoportmyselfelsewhere.Ifoundthatthisabilitytoinstantlyshiftmyattentionwasoftenagoodthing,likewhenpassingtimeonpublictransportation.Butfrequentlymytechusewasnotsobenign.WhenIfaceddifficultwork,likethinkingthroughanarticleideaoreditingthesamedraftforthehundredthtime,forexample,amoresinisterscreenwoulddrawmein.Icouldeasilyescapediscomfort,temporarily,byansweringemailsorbrowsingthewebunderthepretenseofso-called"research."ThoughIdesperatelywantedtolayblameelsewhere,Ifinallyhadtoadmitthatmybadhabitshadlesstodowithnew-agetechnologyandmoretodowithold-fashionedprocrastination(拖延).[M]It'seasytoblametechnologyforbeingsodistracting,butdistractionisnothingnew.AristotleandSocratesdebatedthenatureof"akrasia"—ourtendencytodothingsagainstourinterests.Ifwe'rehonestwithourselves,techisjustanotherwaytooccupyourtimeandminds.Ifweweren'tonourdevices,we'dlikelydosomethingsimilarlyunproductive.[N]Personaltechnologyisindeedmoreengagingthanever,andthere'snodoubtcompaniesareengineeringtheirproductsandservicestobemorecompellingandattractive.Butwouldwewantitanyotherway?Theintendedresultofmakingsomethingbetteristhatpeopleuseitmore.That'snotnecessarilyaproblem,that'sprogress.[O]Theseimprovementsdon'tmeanweshouldn'tattempttocontrolouruseoftechnology.Inordertomakesureitdoesn'tcontrolus,weshouldcometotermswiththefactthatit'smorethanthetechnologyitselfthat'sresponsibleforourhabits.Ourworkplaceculture,socialnormsandindividualbehaviorsallplayapart.Toputtechnologyinitsplace,wemustbeconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyischanging,butalsoofhowitischangingus.11、Onlineservicesaresodesignedthatthemoretheyareused,themoreprofittheygenerate.标准答案：E知识点解析：题干：在线服务的设计初衰就是它们被使用得越多，产生的利润就越多。题干的关键词ORlineservices、themoretheyareused,themoreprofittheygenerate与E段第四句Sincetheseservices…themorefrequentlyyouusethem,themoremoneytheymake相对应，theseservices指E段第一句中的OnlineserviceslikeFacebook,Twitterandthelike，题干是对E段第四句的同义替换。故本题选E。12、Theauthoradmitsusingtechnologyasanescapefromthetaskathand.标准答案：L知识点解析：题干：作者承认以技术为借口来逃避手头的任务。题干的关键词Theauthoradmits与L段第一句Ihaveaconfession相对应：题干关键词usingtechnologyasallescapefromthetaskathand与L段第七句Iusetechnologyasanescape相对应，接下来的第八、九句做了进一步解释，题干是对L段内容的概括总结。故本题选L。13、Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormalbutnotbelching.标准答案：I知识点解析：题干：在用餐时查看手机现在已被视为是正常的，但打嗝不行。题干的关键词Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormal与I段末句中的weacceptitandsaynothingwhensomeoneoffends相对应，it指倒数第二句中提到的checkingphonesduringmeals，meetingsandconversations；题干关键词butnotbelching与I段第三句中的thisisconsideredbadmanners相对应，this指第一句中的thesamedinner…thepersonbelches——loudly。题干是对I段内容的概括总结。故本题选I。14、Tomakeproperuseoftechnology,weshouldnotonlyincreaseourawarenessofhowitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus.标准答案：O知识点解析：题干：为更好地利用技术，我们不仅应该提高对技术如何变化的认识。还应该提高对它如何影响我们的认识。题干的关键词Tomakeproperuseoftechnology、increaseourawarenessofhowitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus与O段末句Toputtechnologyinitsplace、beconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyischanging，butalsoofhowitischangingUS相对应，题干是对O段末句的同义替换。故本题选O。15、MostofusfindithardtofocusonourimmediatetasksbecauseofInternetdistractions.标准答案：B知识点解析：题干：我们大多数人都认为，由于互联网的干扰，我们很难专注于眼前的任务。题干的关键词Mostofus、hardtofocusonourimmediatetasksbecauseofInternetdistractions与B段第二句中的Manyofus…struggletostayfocusedontasksthatrequiremoreconcentration相对应，题干是对B段第二句的同义替换。故本题选B。16、Whenonepersonstartscheckingtheirphone,theotherswillfollowsuit.标准答案：J知识点解析：题干：当一个人开始查看手机时，其他人也会跟着这么做。题干的关键词oneperson、checkingtheirphone、theothers和followsuit与J段第二句中的Onceonepersonlooksattheirphone，otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame-startingachainreaction相对应，题干是对J段第二句的同义替换。故本题选J。17、Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusersdon’ttakethetroubletoadjusttheirsettingstosuittheirpurposes.标准答案：F知识点解析：题干：绝大多数智能手机用户不会费劲地去调整设置以满足自己的需求。题干的关键词Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusers、don’ttakethetroubletoadjusttheirsettings与F段第三句中的theremaining85percentofus、less…everbothertoadjusttheirnotificationsettings相对应，题干关键词suittheirpurposes与F段末句中的suitourownneeds相对应，题干是对F段第三、四句的概括总结。故本题选F。18、TheInternetisregardedbysomeasdesignedtodistractourattention.标准答案：D知识点解析：题干：有些人认为互联网就是设计来分散我们的注意力的。题干的关键词TheInternet、designedtodistractOurattention与D段末句中的Thenet、designedtobeallinterruptionsystem，amachinegearedtodividingattention相对应。题干是对D段末句的同义替换。故本题选D。19、Theauthorattributeshistechaddictionchieflytohishabitofputtingoffdoingwhatheshoulddorightaway.标准答案：L知识点解析：题干：作者将他的技术上瘾主要归因于他推迟做他应该马上做的事情的习惯。题干的关键词attributes…chieflytohishabitof与L段末句中的layblame、hadlesstodowith…andmoretodowith…相对应，题干关键词histechaddiction、puttingoffdoingwhatheshoulddorightaway与末句中的mybadhabits、procrastination相对应，题干是对L段末句的同义替换。故本题选L。20、White-collarworkerscheckemailroundtheclockbecauseitisrequiredbytheiremployers.标准答案：G知识点解析：题干：白领们全天候地查看电子邮件，因为这是他们的雇主要求的。题干的关键词White-collarworkers与G段倒数第二句中的white-collarjobs相对应，题干关键词checkemailroundtheclock与G段第五句中的checkemailatallhoursoftheday相对应，题干关键词becauseitisrequiredbytheiremployers与G段第七句Becausethat’swhatthebosswants相对应。题干是对G段的概括总结。故本题选G。三、仔细阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourceforfeedingtheEarth'spopulation,especiallyinthefaceofclimatechangeandotherglobalchallenges.That'stheconclusionIreachedinreviewing40yearsofsciencecomparingthelong-termprospectsoforganicandconventionalfarming.Thereviewstudy,"OrganicAgricultureinthe21stCentury,"isfeaturedasthecoverstoryfortheFebruaryissueofthejournalNaturePlants.ItisthefirsttocompareorganicandconventionalagricultureacrossthemaingoalsofsustainabilityidentifiedbytheNationalAcademyofSciences:productivity,economicsandenvironment.Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,requiringmorelandtoyieldthesameamountoffood.It'struethatorganicfarmingproducesloweryields,averaging10to20percentlessthanconventional.Advocatescontendthattheenvironmentaladvantagesoforganicagriculturefaroutweightheloweryields,andthatincreasingresearcharidbreedingresourcesfororganicsystemswouldreducetheyieldgap.Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsisthefactthatwealreadyproduceenoughfoodtomorethanfeedtheworld's7.4billionpeoplebutdonotprovideadequateaccesstoallindividuals.Insomecases,organicyieldscanbehigherthanconventional.Forexample,inseveredroughtconditions,whichareexpectedtoincreasewithclimatechangeinmanyareas,organicfarmscanproduceasgood,ifnotbetter,yieldsbecauseofthehigherwater-holdingcapacityoforganicallyfarmedsoils.Whatsciencedoestellusisthatmainstreamconventionalfarmingsystemshaveprovidedgrowingsuppliesoffoodandotherproductsbutoftenattheexpenseofothersustainabilitygoals.Conventionalagriculturemayproducemorefood,butitoftencomesatacosttotheenvironment.Biodiversityloss,environmentaldegradation,andsevereimpactsonecosystemserviceshavenotonlyaccompaniedconventionalfarmingsystemsbuthaveoftenextendedwellbeyondtheirfieldboundaries.Withorganicagriculture,environmentalcoststendtobelowerandthebenefitsgreater.Overall,organicfarmstendtostoremoresoilcarbon,havebettersoilqualityandreducesoilerosioncomparedtotheirconventionalcounterparts.Organicagriculturealsocreateslesssoilandwaterpollutionandlowergreenhousegasemissions.Andit'smoreenergy-efficientbecauseitdoesn'trelyonsyntheticfertilizersorpesticides.Organicagricultureisalsoassociatedwithgreaterbiodiversityofplants,animals,insectsandmicroorganismsaswellasgeneticdiversity.Biodiversityincreasestheservicesthatnatureprovidesandimprovestheabilityoffarmingsystemstoadapttochangingconditions.Despiteloweryields,organicagricultureismoreprofitableforfarmersbecauseconsumersarewillingtopaymore.Higherprices,calledpricepremiums,canbejustifiedasawaytocompensatefarmersforprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternalcosts.21、Whatdowelearnfromtheconclusionoftheauthor’sreviewstudy?A、Moreresourcesshouldbetappedforfeedingtheworld’spopulation.B、Organicfarmingmaybeexploitedtosolvetheglobalfoodproblem.C、Thelong-termprospectsoforganicfarmingareyettobeexplored.D、Organicfarmingisatleastaspromisingasconventionalfarming.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词conclusion和reviewstudy定位至首段最后一句，但是该句无法解题。该定位句中含有代词That，需看定位句上一句解题。上一句指出OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourceforfeedingtheEarth’spopulation(有机农业是养活地球人口的一种相对未被开发的资源)，B项“有机农业可以用来解决全球粮食问题”是对首句的同义替换。故本题选B。A项“应该开发更多的资源来养活世界人口”与首段首句“有机农业是一种相对未被开发的资源”表述不符，原文并未提及。C项“有机农业的长期前景还有待探索”与首段作者对有机农业的前景持肯定态度的表述不符。D项“有机农业至少和传统农业一样有前途”与原文表述不符，从全文来看，有机农业比传统农业有前途。22、Whatisthecritics’argumentagainstorganicfarming?A、Itcannotmeettheneedforfood.B、Itcannotincreasefarmyields.C、Itisnotreallypractical.D、Itisnotthatproductive.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词thecritics’argument定位至第三段首句。该句指出Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,requiringmorelandtoyieldthesameamountoffood(长期以来，批评人士一直认为有机农业效率低下，需要更多的土地来生产同样数量的粮食)，其言外之意是有机农业没那么高产，D项“它没有那么高产”是对首句的适度推断。故本题选D。A项“它不能满足对粮食的需求”、B项“它不能增加农业产量”和C项“它不是切实可行的”原文均未提及，属于无中生有。23、Whatdoestheauthorthinkshouldbetakenintoaccountinarguingaboutorganicfarming?A、Growthinworldpopulation.B、Deteriorationinsoilfertility.C、Inequalityinfooddistribution.D、Advanceinfarmingtechnology.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词shouldbetakenintoaccount和arguing定位至第三段最后一句，其中Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsis(这些论点有时忽略了……)与题干关键词反向同义。该句指出“这些论点有时忽略了这样一个事实：我们生产的粮食已经足够养活世界上74亿人，但我们却并没有为所有人提供足够的食物”，由此可推断出作者认为粮食产量足够，只是没有分配到所有人，C项“粮食分配的不均”是对最后一句的适度推断。故本题选C。A项“世界人口的增长”、B项“土壤肥力的下降”和D项“农业技术的进步”均利用原文的个别信息进行杂糅，属于无中生有。24、Whatdoessciencetellusaboutconventionalfarming?A、Itwillnotbeabletomeetglobalfooddemand.B、Itisnotconducivetosustainabledevelopment.C、Itwilleventuallygivewaytoorganicfarming.D、Itisgoingmainstreamthroughouttheworld.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词science和conventionalfarming定位至第五段。该段指出mainstreamconventionalfarmingsystems…oftenattheexpenseofothersustainabilitygoals(主流的传统农业系统……往往是以牺牲其他可持续性目标为代价的)，即“传统农业不利于可持续发展”，B项“它不利于可持续发展”是对第五段的同义替换。故本题选B。A项“它将不能满足全球粮食需求”与第三段最后一句“我们生产的粮食已经足够养活世界上74亿人”表述相反，属于正反混淆。C项“它最终将被有机农业取代”为过度推断，原文提到传统农业不利于可持续发展，并未提及传统农业“最终将被有机农业取代”。D项“它正成为世界主流”将原文中既有的事实“传统农业已经是主流”曲解为科学预测的内容。25、Whydoestheauthorthinkhigherpricesoforganicfarmproducearejustifiable?A、Theygivefarmersgoingorganicabigcompetitiveedge.B、Theymotivatefarmerstoupgradefarmingtechnology.C、Organicfarmingcostsmorethanconventionalfarming.D、Organicfarmingdoeslong-termgoodtotheecosystem.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词higherprices和justifiable定位至最后一段最后一句。该句指出Higherprices…canbejustifiedasawaytocompensatefarmersforprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternalcosts(更高的价格……也是合情合理的，这可以作为对农民提供生态系统服务、避免破坏环境或外部成本的一种补偿)，D项“有机农业对生态系统有长期的好处”是对最后一句的概括总结。故本题选D。A项“它们给采用有机农业的农民很大的竞争优势”属于无中生有，原文最后一句只提及有机农产品的高价是对农民的补偿，并未提及会给农民带来竞争优势。B项“它们激励农民升级农业技术”和C项“有机农业比传统农业花费更高”均属于无中生有。Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereisalessconspicuouskindofsocialupheaval(剧变)underwaythatisfastalteringboththefaceoftheplanetandthewayhumanbeingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationofurbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld'spopulationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedecadestocome—withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.AsKarenSeto,theleadauthorofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn'tjustaboutthemigrationofpeopleintourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggertoaccommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.Humansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendisplacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities—especiallyinthedensetropicalforests—carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereaswell.It'struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthecountrysideslashandburnforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfarming.Buttherealdifferenceisthatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoftenleadstoanaccompanyingincreaseinincome—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreaseintheconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegridiscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.Theurbanizationwavecan'tbestopped—anditshouldn'tbe.ButSeto'spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization'simpactontheenvironment."There'sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureandresponsibilitytothinkabouthowweurbanize,"saysSeto."Onethingthat'sclearisthatwecan'tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleofthistransitionwon'tallowthat."We'reheadedtowardsanurbanplanetnomatterwhat,butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.26、Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople’sattentionto?A、Theshrinkingbiodiversityworldwide.B、Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.C、Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.D、Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。根据题干关键词drawpeople’sattention和“题文同序”原则定位到前两段。第一段末句指出theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedecadestocome—withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange(城市化进程只会在未来几十年加速，对生物多样性和气候变化产生巨大影响)，第二段末句指出Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas(城市的快速扩张将对生物多样性热门地区和城市的碳排放产生巨大影响)，这两句话指的是同一个问题，即作者试图引起人们注意的问题，因此D项“城市化加速的影响”是对这两句的同义替换。故本题选D。A项“全球生物多样性的萎缩”、B项“世界人口的迅速增长”和C项“持续的全球经济衰退”虽然在第一段都出现了，但都不是作者试图引起人们注意的问题。27、Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?A、Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.B、Theyareauniquespeciesborntoconquer.C、Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.D、Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词humans和theultimateinvasivespecies定位到第三段。首句提到Humansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendisplacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere(人类是最终的入侵物种，当他们进入新的领地时，通常会取代已经生活在那里的野生动物)，因此C项“他们迫使其他物种离开它们的领地”符合文意，forceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories是对原文displacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere的同义替换。故本题选C。A项“他们比其他物种贪婪得多”、B项“他们是生来就是为了征服的独特物种”和D项“他们有扩大生活空间的冲动”均属于无中生有。28、Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?A、Morelandwillbepreservedforwildlife.B、Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.C、Carbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.D、Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词urbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment定位到第三段。第三句指出It’struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment(诚然，随着发展中国家的人们从农村迁移到城市，这种转变可能会减轻土地的压力，这反过来又有利于环境)，结合第四句可知，贫穷国家的农村居民每到作物的种植季都会砍伐并烧毁森林，清理出土地用来耕种，所以说，贫穷国家的城市化会减轻对土地的压力。因此B项“农田的压力将会减轻”是对第三段第三、四句的概括总结。故本题选B。A项“更多的土地将为野生动物保留”和D项“自然资源将得到更有效的利用”均属于无中生有。C项“碳排放将大大减少”与第三段倒数第二句“从农村向城市的迁移往往会导致碳排放的增加”表述相悖，属于正反混淆。29、Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlivingcomfortablyinthecity?A、Itincursahighenvironmentalprice.B、Itbringspovertyandinsecuritytoanend.C、Itcausesabigchangeinpeople’slifestyle.D、Itnarrowsthegapbetweencityandcountry.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词livingcomfortablyinthecity定位到第三段最后一句。该句指出Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegridiscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice(获得足够的食物，充分享受居住在城市的安全舒适当然是一件好事，但这确实会使环境付出代价)，因此A项“它带来了高昂的环境代价”是对第三段最后一句的同义替换。故本题选A。B项“它结束了贫困和不安全”、C项“它使人们的生活方式发生了巨大变化”和D项“它缩小了城市和乡村之间的差距”均属于无中生有。30、WhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeimpactofurbanizationaccordingtoSeto?A、Slowingdownthespeedoftransition.B、Innovativeuseofadvancedtechnology.C、Appropriatemanagementoftheprocess.D、Enhancingpeople’ssenseofresponsibility.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词minimizethenegativeimpactofurbanization和Seto定位到最后一段。第二、三句指出ButSeto’spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization’simpactontheenvironment(但塞托的论文确实强调了管理这种转变的重要性。我们如果采取正确的方式，就可以减少城市化对环境的影响)。第二句中的thattransition(转变)指第一句中的Theurbanizationwave(城市化浪潮)，第三句中的it指第二句中的managingthattransition，即managingtheurbanizationwave，doittherightway即managetheurbanizationwaveappropriately，C项Appropriatemanagementoftheprocess(对过程的适当管理)正是对此的同义替换，theprocess指城市化进程。故本题选C。A项“放慢转变的速度”、B项“对先进技术的创新使用”和D项“增强人们的责任感”均属于无中生有。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、仔细阅读(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。)Theuseofdeferential(敬重的)languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofth