高中英语北师大版选择性必修四Unit 12 Period 3　Topic Talk Lesson 1-Language Points

Period3TopicTalk&Lesson1—LanguagePointsⅠ.单词拼写1．Perceiving(察觉)thathewasn’thappywiththearrangements，Itriedtobookadifferenthotel.2．Thetwocountriessignedanagreementtojointlylaunchsatellites(卫星)．3．WhatannoyedmewasthatIcouldnotfindonegarbagecantothrowtrashin.4．China’sfirstcargospacecraftTianzhou-1waslaunched(发射)intospaceonApril20,2017.5．Unfortunately，thefindings(发现)inthestudydonotcorrespondwiththepreviousones.6．Beingtoostraight-forwardandoutspokencouldbecomeone’sAchilles’heel.7．Hisacademicperformanceiswellaboveaverage，butheisstillhumble(谦逊的)andhelpful.8．Whenweturnoffadevice(设备)，suchastelevisions，itgoesintostand-bymode(待机状态)．9．Millionsofpeoplevolunteertomakelargedonationstothevictimsoftheearthquake.10．Heissogiftedthathehasacquiredareputationasthiscountry’spremier(最好的)soloviolinist.Ⅱ.词形变化填空1．Theactivity，whichwasorganizedjointlybybothteachersandstudents，turnedouttobeagreatsuccesswiththeirjointefforts.(join)2．Heproposedthatanewstadiumshouldbebuiltinthecityandtheywouldvoteonhisproposalinthefollowingweek.(propose)3．Theplanisdesignedtomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficientlyandpromotetheirworkingefficiency.(efficient)4．Tokeepthehistoricalaccuracy，youmustprovideasaccurateinformationasyoucananddobecarefultosetitdownaccurately.(accurate)5．Scientistshavemadenumerousamazingscientificdiscoveriesandhelppeoplesolvemanyproblemsscientifically.(science)Ⅲ.完成句子1．这家由5家小工厂组成的公司正面临着严重的财政危机。(过去分词短语作后置定语)Thecompanymadeupof/composedoffivesmallfactoriesisfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.2．锻炼使你充满活力，所以当你非常兴奋的时候更难放松和睡一个安稳觉。(Itis＋adj.＋todosth)Exerciseenergizesyou，soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.3．重写了那篇文章之后，她坐进了椅子里，宽慰地笑了。(with复合结构)Withtheessayrewritten，shesankintothechair，smilingwithrelief.4．若没有她的帮助和专业的指导，我不可能在英语学习方面取得如此大的进步。(without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)Withoutherhelpandprofessionalinstruction，Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglishstudy.entertainmentn．娱乐节目(entertainv．招待；使快乐；娱乐entertainingadj.有趣的)·toone’sentertainment使某人高兴的是·entertainsbwithsth用某物使某人快乐entertainsbtosth用某物招待某人(1)Toshowhisgreatappreciation，theoldtailorentertainedtheyoungmanwithawell-tailoredsuit.(2)BobandLizentertainedustodinnerlastnight.Meanwhile，Bobtoldusmanyjokesforentertainment(entertain)，makingitanentertaining(entertain)night.(3)令我们非常高兴的是，他答应完成任务后请我们吃雪糕。Muchtoourentertainment，hepromisedtoentertainustoicecreamafterfinishingtheassignment.giftedadj.有天赋的，有才华的(giftn．天赋，天才，才能；礼物)·begiftedin/at在……方面有天赋·haveagiftfor有……天赋(1)Thegiftedmusicianisamanofmanygifts，whohadagiftformusicwhenhewasachild，andnowheisgiftedin/atplayingmanymusicalinstruments.这位有才华的音乐家是一个多才多艺的人。当他还是个孩子时就有音乐天赋。现在他擅长弹奏很多种乐器。(2)Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;BrianisverylikelytobeaBeethoven.→Giftedinwritingmusic，BrianisverylikelytobeaBeethoven.(升级为形容词作状语)donatevi.&vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献[donationn．捐款；赠送，捐赠(物)donorn．捐赠者]·donatesthtosb/sth向……捐赠某物·makeadonationto...向……捐赠(1)Theretiredmanwithdrewallhissavingsanddonatedthemtothepeoplesufferingfromtheearthquake.(2)Medicalsciencehasprovedthatdonatingbloodisgoodforthedonor(s)bothphysicallyandspiritually.(donate)(3)Ifyouhavemoremoney，itmakessensetomakeadonation(donate)tonon-profitorganizationsthathelppoorpeople.(4)她给这家儿童医院捐了5000美元。①Shedonated$5,000totheChildren’sHospital.(donate)②Shemadeadonationof$5,000totheChildren’sHospital.(donation)correspondvi.通信；符合，相一致；相当于(correspondencen．一致，相似；通信，信件)·correspondwith...与……通信correspondto...相当于……，相似于……correspondto/with...与……相一致，符合·incorrespondencewith与……相一致，与……通信(1)Iusedtocorrespondwithmyfriends，whilenowtheInternetismoreconvenient.过去我常和我的朋友们通信，而现在有了互联网就更方便了。(2)Asamatteroffact，theAmericanCongresscorrespondstotheBritishParliament.实际上，美国国会相当于英国的议会。(3)Youraccountoftheincidentdidnotcorrespondwith/towhatshehadtoldme.你对这件事的描述与她告诉我的不一致。(4)Theyhaven’tbeenincorrespondencewitheachothersincethedeparture.自从离开后，他们就一直没有联络。instantadj.立刻的，马上的n.瞬间；立刻，片刻(instantlyadv.立即，即刻conj.一……就……)·inaninstant立刻foraninstant片刻，一瞬间theinstant一……就……·instantly＝theinstant用作连词相当于immediately，directly，theminute，themoment，assoonas(1)Icouldn’tansweryourquestionforaninstant；pleaseleavemesometime.(2)Inaninstant，hetookoffhiscoatandjumpedintothefreezingwatertosavethedrowningchild.(3)Itwassostrangethatthepaindisappearedinstantly(instant)Isawthedoctor.(4)Assoonasshestoppedaskingquestions，Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.→Instantly/Immediately/Directlyshestoppedaskingquestions，Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.(副词用作连词)→Themoment/instant/minuteshestoppedaskingquestions，Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.(the＋瞬间名词)proposev．提出(某观点、方法等)；提议；打算；计划；求婚(proposaln．建议；提议)·proposedoing...提议做……；建议做……proposetodo...计划做……；打算做……proposethatsb(should)dosth建议某人做某事Itisproposedthat...有人建议……proposetosb向……求婚·putforward/makeaproposalthat...(should)do...提出建议……(1)Therepresentativesproposedextending(extend)themotorwaysbuttheirproposalwasturneddown.(2)Havingearnedalotofmoney，heproposedtobuy(buy)amoredesirableproperty.(3)Wewereexcitedtowitnessthathefinallyproposedtohisgirlfriend(向他女朋友求婚)．(4)Sheproposedapossiblesolution(提出了可能的解决方法)totheconflictbetweenreducingworkpressureandimprovingworkefficiency.(5)他们建议成立一个委员会来调查这次暴力事件。①Theyproposedsettingupacommitteetoinvestigatetheviolence.(propose)②Theymadeaproposalthatacommittee(should)besetuptoinvestigatetheviolence.(proposal)without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句教材原句Withoutthebreakthroughsofthesepioneersinscienceandtechnology，whetherluckyorplanned，theworldasweknowittodaywouldbeacompletelydifferentplace.如果没有这些科技先驱取得的突破，不管这些突破是偶然发现的还是计划之中的，我们今天所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。(P53)·本句为without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句。·有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中没有条件句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫作含蓄条件句。常见的介词短语有without...“没有……”；butfor...“要不是……”；常用连词有or/otherwise“否则(要不然)”等。(1)Shetoldmewithoutmyhelp，shewouldhavefailedintheexamination.她告诉我如果没有我的帮助，她就会考不及格。(2)Butfortheseamazingscientificinnovations，wecouldn’tlivesuchaconvenientlifenow.要不是这些伟大的科学创新，我们现在的生活就不会这么便利。(3)Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber，or/otherwisewewouldhavecalledhim.我们不知道他的电话号码，要不然我们就给他打电话了。(4)Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp，wecouldn’thavefinishedtheprogramasscheduled.→Butfortheirhelp，wecouldn’thavefinishedtheprogramasscheduled.(5)Ifyoudon’tspendtimewithhappypeople，yourhealthcouldsuffer.→Spendtimewithhappypeople，otherwise/oryourhealthcouldsuffer.Ⅰ.一词多义launchA.发起，发动B.发射C.上市，推出D.创办E.使船下水1．ItisreportedthatthelatestmodelwillbelaunchednextFriday.C2．NASAplanstolaunchasatellitetostudycosmicrays.B3．Thepolicehaslaunchedaninvestigationintotheviolenceincident.A4．Thetouristsimmediatelylaunchedasmalllifeboattosavethedrowningkid.E5．Theydecidedtolaunchanewbrandofsportswear，competingwithotherbigcompanies.DⅡ.熟词生义1．Itiscustomaryforthemantoproposetothewoman.求婚2．Hewashopefulthatthenextroundoftalkwouldalsobeproductive.富有成效的3．Instantcoffeegrewrapidlyinpopularityandevenbecameoneoflife’snecessitiesforsomepeople.速溶的，速食的4．Theoldladyinvitedmeintoherhumblebuttidyapartment，treatingmewithsometastyfruit.简陋的Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iwouldhumbly(humble)suggestthatthereissomethingwronghere.2．Someissuesininternationalaffairsaresometimesdifficulttodeal(deal)with.3．ShestillcorrespondswithAmericanfriendsshemetinChinanineyearsago.4．Pleaseremainseated(seat)beforetheresultsofcompetitionwasannounced.5．Chinaisthoughttobe(be)acountrywiththegreatestpotentialfordevelopment.6．Wemustpromoteoriginality，inspirecreativityandencourageinnovation(innovate)．7．Theycouldn’thelpjumping(jump)withjoyinstantlytheyheardtheexcitingnews.8．Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，rangingfrombutterfliestoelephants.9．Pessimists，onthecontrary，tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.10．Scientistshaverecentlyprovideduswithsomeworryingfindings(find)aboutenvironmentalproblems.Ⅱ.选词填空eq\x(begiftedin，singleout，turnto，dealwith，o...)1．Thetwoyoungprinceswerenotsingledoutforspecialtreatmentatschool.2．Thismeansthatitshouldcleanthehouse，mopthefloors，cookdinneranddealwithtelephonecalls.3．Iamnotgiftedinlanguage.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?4．HealwaysturnstohisteacherforhelpwhenhemeetssomedifficultiesinEnglish.5．Inonly10years，ourprovincehasbeentransformedintoanadvancedindustrialprovince.Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——劳动实践活动)1．上周末我们学校在我校蔬菜基地发起了一次劳动实践活动。(launch)Lastweekendourschoollaunchedanactivityoflaborpracticeinourschoolvegetablebase.2．我们到了之后，老师就带我们进行了参观并分配了不同的任务。(theinstant/instantly)Theinstantwearrived，ourteachershowedusaroundandassignedusdifferenttasks.3．老师建议我们尝试不同的任务来真正体验劳动者的艰辛。(propose)Theteacherproposedustotrydifferenttasksandauthenticallyexperiencethehardshipoflaboringpeople.4．通过这次活动，我们都意识到没有劳动人民的辛勤劳动，我们就吃不到那么多美味的食物。(without引导虚拟从句)Throughtheactivitywerealizedthatwithoutthefarmers’hardwork，wecouldn’thaveenjoyedsomuchdeliciousfood.5．毫无疑问，我们都从这次有意义的活动中受益很大。(benefit)Thereisnodoubtthatwebenefitedalotfromthemeaningfulactivity.Ⅳ.阅读理解(2023·浙江台州高二校联考期中)There’sanewAIbot：ChatGPT，andyou’dbetterpayattention，evenifyouaren’tintoartificialintelligence.ThetoolisanAIchatbotsystemthatOpenAIreleasedinNovember2022toshowoffandtestwhataverylarge，powerfulAIsystemcanachieve.ChatGPTremembersthethread(链式消息)ofyourdialogue，usingpreviousquestionsandanswerstoinformitsnextresponses.ItgetsitsanswersfromlargeamountsofinformationontheInternet.ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodelsandisfine-tuned(amethodoftransferlearning)usingbothsupervisedandreinforcementlearning(监督和强化学习)．YoucanaskChatGPTanything，likeexplainingphysics，askingforbirthdaypartyideasandgettingprogramminghelp.Perhapsit’snotsmartenoughtoreplaceallhumansyet，butitcanbecreative，anditsanswerscansounddownrightauthoritative(权威性的)．Afewdaysafteritslaunch，morethan1millionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.UBSanalystLloydWalmsleyestimatedinFebruary2023thatChatGPTreached100millionmonthlyusersinJanuary，accomplishingin2monthswhattookTikTokabout9monthsandInstagramtwoandahalfyears.ChatGPTisfreetouseatthemomentbecauseitisstillinitsresearchphase.Butwhentoomanypeoplehopontotheserver，itoverloadsandcan’tprocessyourrequest.Itjustmeansyoushouldtryvisitingthesiteatalatertimewhenfewerpeoplearetryingtoaccessit.Ifyouwanttoskipthewaitandhavereliableaccess，thereisanoptionforyou.AsofFeb.1,2023，OpenAIhasaChatGPTproplan，ChatGPTPlus，whichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccessevenduringpeaktimes.Thisservicedoescomeatacostof$20/month.However，ChatGPTcannotreplaceGoogle.ChatGPTisanartificialintelligencerobotthatprovidessolutionstoyourquestions，butGoogleisasearchengineinwhichyoucansearchforasmuchinformationaspossible.ChatGPThaslimitedknowledgeduetoitsprogrammingbutGooglehasunlimitedknowledgewhichisupdatedeveryday.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文，介绍了ChatGPT的出现和成绩，并对它的优劣势进行了分析。)1．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutChatGPT?A．Itsworkingtheory.B．Itslanguagemodel.C．Itsdesigninspiration.D．Itsdevelopmentprocess.答案A解析段落大意题。根据第二段“ChatGPTremembersthethread(链式消息)ofyourdialogue...Itgetsitsanswersfrom...ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3family...”可知，本段主要描述了ChatGPT的工作原理。故选A。2．Whydoestheauthorlistfiguresinparagraph3?A．ToshowthepopularityofChatGPT.B．TostressthehighcostofinventingChatGPT.C．Topresentthecreativityofartificialintelligence.D．Toprovethenecessityofdevelopingtoolsforchattingonline.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，ChatGPT问世后迅速吸引了大量用户，其扩展速度远超其他社交工具，由此可推知，列数字是为了显示ChatGPT非常受欢迎。故选A。3．WhatisChatGPTPlusintendedfor?A．Guidinguserstoexperiencefreeservices.B．Givinguserspriorityaccessduringpeakhours.C．Allowingnetsurferstoskipadvertisements.D．Helpingresearchersdetectthefailureofthesystem.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“ChatGPTPlus，whichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccess...acostof$20/month”可知，ChatGPTPlus的设计目的是在高峰时段给予付费用户优先访问权。故选B。4．WhatisalimitationofChatGPTcomparedwithGoogle?A．Itmayproviderepliesunrelatedtothequestions.B．Itcanonlyupdateinformationatafixedtime.C．Itneedslongertoprovidesolutions.D．Itoperatesbasedonlimiteddata.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段末句可知，与谷歌相比，ChatGPT的局限性是它基于有限的数据来运作。故选D。Ⅴ.完形填空At98，midwifePriscillaSitienei，sittinginclassalongsidesomeofthepupilsshehelpedbringintotheworld，hasbecomeacelebrityinKenya.Sitienei，whocomesfromaremotevillageofNdalat，hadalways1becomingadoctor.2thatopportunitynevercameherway，she，instead，usedhertraditionallylearnedskillstohelpmothers3theirbabiessafelyathome.Still，shenever4herdreamofgettinganeducation.In2003，theKenyangovernmentmadeprimaryeducationfree.5，itwasn’tuntilalmostadecadelaterthatshecouldfinallyenteraclassroom.Herjourneytoself-improvementhasservedasa(n)6formanyinKenya，whereitwas7amongtheoldergenerationstomissoutonschoolingtomakeendsmeet.DavidKinyanjui，headteacheratLeadersVisionPreparatorySchool，saidthatwhileitwaschallengingto8Sitieneiintotheclassin2011，her9togetaneducationconvincedtheschoolauthorities.“Sitieneicouldonlycommunicateinhermothertongue，butshewas10tostartlearningEnglishatthelowestlevel.Currently，eventhoughsheisnot11init，shecanunderstandwhattheteachersaresayinginclass，”Kinyanjuisaid.Sitieneisaid，“Iwantedtoinspirechildrenthateducationisimportantin12theirfutureandgettingoutofpoverty.”Shealsosaidthat13pooreyesight，whichhas14herstudies，sheplanstocontinuewithherbooksuntilonedayshebecomestoo15towalk.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因为渴望知识，98岁高龄的老人PriscillaSitienei决心进入小学课堂的故事，表现出她积极上进的精神。1．A.accelerated B．anticipatedC．facilitated D．advocated答案B解析accelerate加速；anticipate期盼；facilitate促进；advocate提倡。根据下文“usedhertraditionallylearnedskillstohelpmotherstheirbabiessafelyathome”可推知，她一直期盼成为一名医生。故选B。2．A.As B．WhenC．While D．Unless答案C解析根据后文“instead”可知，此处为虽然这个机会从未出现在她面前。as也可引导让步状语从句，但是需要倒装。故选C。3．A.send B．attendC．labour D．deliver答案D解析根据后文“theirbabiessafelyathome”可知，此处表达帮助产妇在家安全分娩。故选D。4．A.letgoof B．holdontoC．dropoutof D．giveriseto答案A解析letgoof放弃；holdonto坚持；dropoutof退出；giveriseto引起。根据后文“shecouldfinallyenteraclassroom”可知，她从未放弃接受教育的梦想。故选A。5．A.Therefore B．BesidesC．However D．Otherwise答案C解析根据上下文可知，此处表达转折意义，虽然肯尼亚政府在2003年实施小学教育免费，但她却是在将近十年之后才走进了课堂。故选C。6．A.affection B．recreationC．passion D．inspiration答案D解析根据前文“Herjourneytoself-improvement”可推知，她的追求自我提升的历程对很多人来说是一种鼓舞。故选D。7．A.commercial B．concreteC．common D．competent答案C解析根据常识并结合后文“amongtheoldergenerationstomissoutonschoolingtomakeendsmeet”可知，肯尼亚是一个很贫穷的国家，没能接受教育在老一辈人中是很常见的。故选C。8．A.inquire B．integrateC．investigate D．intervene答案B解析inquire询问；integrate使融入群体；investigate调查；intervene干预。根据后文“Sitieneiintotheclass”可知，此处表达让她融入班级是有挑战性的。故选B。9．A.duration B．determinationC．clarification D．comprehension答案B解析duration持续时间；determination决心；clarification澄清；comprehension理解。根据后文“convincedtheschoolauthorities”可知，此处指她想要接受教育的决心说服了学校领导。故选B。10．A.keen B．reluctantC．superior D．pessimistic答案A解析keen渴望的；reluctant不情愿的；superior优越的；pessimistic悲观的。根据前文“but”可知，虽然缺乏语言基础，但她渴望从最低级别开始学习英语。故选A。11．A.firm B．fondC．focused D．fluent答案D解析firm坚定的；fond喜欢；focused专注的；fluent流利的。根据“eventhough”和后文“shecanunderstandwhattheteachersaresayinginclass”可知，尽管说得并不流利，但她已经听得懂了。故选D。12．A.shaping B．sharpeningC．shaving D．sharing答案A解析根据后文“theirfutureandgettingoutofpoverty”可知，教育能影响他们的未来。故选A。13．A.with B．withoutC．despite D．beyond答案C解析根据后文“pooreyesight”及“sheplanstocontinuewithherbooks”可知，此处表达尽管视力很差。故选C。14．A.brokendown B．sloweddownC．torndown D．cutdown答案B解析breakdown出故障；slowdown减慢；teardown拆掉；cutdown削减。根据前文“pooreyesight”并结合常识可知，视力差会减慢她的学习速度。故选B。15．A.superb B．refreshedC．privileged D．weak答案D解析superb卓越的；refreshed精力充沛的；privileged有特权的；weak虚弱的。根据第一段的“At98”可知，她年纪已经很大了，推知此处表达直到有一天她变得太虚弱而不能走路。故选D。Ⅵ.语法填空Travelinggetsapersonoutoftheircomfortzoneanditforcesthemtobemore1.___________(adventure)，tolivelifetothefullest，tomakethemostofthispreciou