新高考英语二轮复习题型专练25 说明文体类语法填空(原卷版)

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）25说明文体类语法填空【命题意图】在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。【考试方向】作为高考新题型的语法填空试题，近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点：文章以记叙文和说明文为主，文章长度控制在190～220词，10道题中，有6～7个试题给出提示词(全国卷都是7个)，要求考生；考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分，词法部分包括：1)词类的转换，结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化；2)介词的固定搭配，名词的复数形式及运用；语法部分包括：时态和语态的综合运用，非谓语动词，各种从句等。从近年课标卷的语法填空试题看，给出提示词的考点主要包括：词类的转换(名词与动词的转换，形容词与副词的转换）；形容词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟语气、谓语动词与非谓语动词的变化等。给出提示词考点多为实词，所填写的词汇根据语境和短文或对话内容可以是1～3个单词。挖空分布均匀，考点的安排注重多样化。不给提示词的考点主要包括：连词（并列连词和从属连词）、介词（动词与介词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、代词和冠词等。【得分要点】1、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化（转为名词、形容词），或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词；2、给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词（前缀）；3、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；4、不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。【真题再现】【2020·新高考全国卷I（山东）】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,___36___(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig___37___untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,___38___(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum___39___openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic___40___(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection___41___(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine___42___(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor___43___(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical___44___(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete____45____people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.【答案】36.wealthy37.or38.formed39.which/that40.arecalled41.is42.themselves43.walking44.accuracy45.for【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。36.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。37.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。38.考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。39.考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是theBritishMuseum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。40.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填arecalled。41.考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语asmallpartofamuseum’scollection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.中的is也是提示。故填is。42.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为”他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。43.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imaginesb.doingsth.”想象某人做某事”。故填walking。44.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为”历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。45.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:competefor，意为:”为了……竞争”。故填for。【题型演练】1阅读下面短文，在标有序号的空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中单词的正确形式。Thereisagiganticstudythat’sbeendonein38cultures.1.turnsoutthatineveryculture,bothmalesandfemalesdesiretheirpotentialmatestobebright.Butwedon’thaveourIQs2.(print)onourforehead.Howdoweknowthatsomeone’s3.(intelligence)?InWesterncultures,atleast,it’softenbytheperson’ssenseofhumor.Becausecreatingandappreciatingjokesbothrequireustomake4.(connect)betweenmanyseparatepiecesofinformation,5.(have)asenseofhumorshowsthatwepossessawideknowledgeand6.weknowhowtothinkaboutthingsinnovelandcreativeways.Takeacartoon7.example:amouseisstandingoutsidehishouse,havingjustpulledagunonacat,whopretendstogiveinbyraisingonepaw(爪).“Sixrounds.Ninelives.Youdothemath,”thecatsays.Inordertoappreciatethisjoke,youneedtoknowthatmiceare8.(usual)thevictimsofcats,manygunshavesixbullets(子弹),andcats9.(say)tohaveninelivesbecauseoftheirabilitytoalwayslandontheirfeet.Youalsoneedtobeabletodosomemath10.(understand)thatthecathastheadvantageinthissceneafterall.2阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。TheBurjA1ArabisaluxuryhotelinDubai.Itstandsonaman-madeisland11.(locate)justoffDubai’scoast,andisconnectedtothemainlandbymeansofaprivatebridge.Theamazingbuildingisoneofthetallesthotelsintheworld.Itwasdesignedtolooklikethesailofa“dhow”，12.typeofArabianboat.TomWright,thedesignerofthehotel,saidhewantedtheBurjA1Arabtobeasymbolic13.(construct)forDubailiketheEiffelTowerisforParis.TheBurjA1Arabhas202roomsaswellassixaward-winningrestaurants.Oneoftheserestaurants,theA1Muntaha,14.(offer)fantasticviewsofDubai,becauseitis200metresabovesealevel.Guests15.decidetostayattheBurjA1Arabcanlookforwardto16.(receive)extremelygoodservice.Fromthemomentyoucheckintothemomentyouaredroppedoffattheairport,thehotel’sstafftakecareofeverything.17.(fortunate),entryintotheBurjA1Arabisnotallowedunlessyouareahotelguest.Butdon’tworry;viewsoftheoutsideofthehotelareas18.(impress)asviewsofitsinside.So,ifyouevervisitDubai,besure19.(take)aphotographoftheBurjA1Arab.Itis20.adoubtoneofthemostbeautifulhotelsintheworld!3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheWorldExpo2020willbeheldinDubai,intheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),betweenOctobernextyearandthefollowingApril,21.thedesignoftheChinaPavilion（展馆）hasbeenmadepublicinthecity.TheblueprintfortheChinaPavilion22.(present)ataceremonylastWednesday.Withthedesignpresented,thenextstepistospeedupconstruction.23.(occupy)anareaofmorethan4,600squaremeters,itwillbeoneofthelargestattheexpo.Its24.(inspire)wasdrawnfromaChineselantern,25.symbolizeshopeandabrightfuture.ItcombinesChineseelementswithmoderntechnologiesandshowsChina’slatestachievements26.scienceandinformationcommunication.TheChinaPavilionwillbebuiltwiththetheme“Buildingacommunitywitha27.(share)futureformankind--InnovationandOpportunity.”TheDubaiWorldExpoisaplatformtodisplaytheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentoftheparticipating28.(country).Italsoshowcasesthebilateral29.(friend)exchangebetweentheUAEandothercountries.TheUAEplaysabigroleinChina’sBeltandRoadInitiativeandsaysithopestheWorldExpowillhelptoimprovetieswithChina.TheWorldExpohasbeen30.(irregular)heldonceeveryfewyearssince1851andeachExpolastsforsixmonthsorso.4阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BigBenisthenicknameforthegreatbelloftheclockatthenorthendofthePalaceofWestminsterinLondon.Itssoundsowellknown31.ithasoftenbeenusedinfilms.TheClocktowerwascompletedin1859andtheGreatClockstartedon31May，withtheGreatBell’sstrikes32.(hear)forthefirsttimeon11July.Itcelebratedits150thanniversaryon31May2009,during33.celebratoryeventstookplace.Thetowerhasbecomeoneofthemostoutstanding34.(symbol)ofbothLondonandEngland.TheClockToweryouseetodayisnotthefirsttowertobebuiltinParliament’sground.The35.(origin)towerwasbuiltin1288-1290duringthereignofKingEdwardI.Unfortunately36.bigfiredestroyedmostofthePalaceofWestminster.Architects37.(invite)tosubmittheirdesignsandSirCharlesBarry’swassuccessful.ReconstructionoftheClockTowerbeganinSeptember1843.38.wasdesignedintheVictorianGothicstyle.Withtimepassingby,thetopoftheclocktowerisleaningone-and-a-halffeeoffalevelpositionand39.(get)worseeachyearnow,partlyasaresult40.decadesofundergroundexcavation.5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Astronomyistheoldestscience41.（know）toman.Thousandsofyearsagomanlookedatthestarsandwonderedabouttheheavens.Butmanwas42.（limit）bythesixplanetsthathecouldseeonly43.hiseyesalone.TheGreeksstudiedastronomyover2,000yearsago.Theycouldseethesizecolour,and44.（bright）ofastar.Theycouldseeitsplaceinthesky.Theywatchedthestars45.（move）astheseasonschanged.ButtheGreekshadnotoolstohelpthemselvesstudytheheavens.Eachnewtooladdedtothefieldofastronomyhelpedmanreachoutintospace.Manknewalittleaboutthemoon46.thereweretelescopes.HedidnotknowthattheplanetcalledSaturnhad47.（ring）aroundit.Hissightwas48.limitedthathecouldnotseealltheplanets.Intheearly1700s,peoplethoughttherewereonlysixplanets.Beforethespectroscope,mandidnotknowwhatkindofgases49.（be）aroundthesunorotherstars.Withouttheradio-telescope,wedidnotknowthatradionoisescamefromfarinspace.Today,astronomyisa50.（grow）science.Wehavelearnedmoreinthelastfiftyyearsthaninthewholehistoryofastronomy.6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Knownasthe"VegasofChina”,Macao,whilefilledwithluxuryandworld-classentertainment,also51.(offer)manylandmarksthatdefinethecity'suniqueandfascinatinghistory.Thefirstepisodeof