2025届高考英语二轮复习语法专题：定语从句课件

定语从句TheAttributiveClause汇报人：6.注意that引导定语从句和同位语从句的区别目录考纲解读1.定语从句的概念2.掌握定语从句的引导词即关系代词和关系副词的基本用法3.掌握“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句4.区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句5.注意that引导定语从句和强调句的区别abeautifulgirlhisfathertwochildrenclothesshopthestudentsinclass我喜欢爱阅读的女孩Ilikeagirl.Thegirllikesreading.who/that先行词定语从句关系词定语从句的构成：Ilikethegirl

who/thatlikesreading.定义：定语是对名词或代词的修饰或限定。如果定语部分表达的内容较多，一个词或词组无法表达出来，就可以用从句，固充当定语的从句称为定语从句。eg:不到长城非好汉Hewhodoesn'treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）1.Thereisanemptystreet.2.Thereisastreetfullofpeople.单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，作前置定语。短语作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。关系副词先行词在句中的成分when时间时间状语where地点模糊地点地点状语whyreason原因状语【注意】先行词为一个地点、时间，原因时作状语，使用where、when，why作主语或宾语使用that/which（作宾语时还可省略）这主要看两点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。1.Iwillneverforgetthedays_____________wespenttogether.Iwillneverforgettheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.2.Hangzhouisacity_______thereisabeautifullake.Hangzhouisacity__________hasabeautifullake.3.Thereason_____________hegaveisn'tbelievable.Thereason_____________hedidn'tcometoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.when

(that/which）wherewhy/forwhich(that/which)that/which知识结构图prep+关系代词的结构在由“代词/名词+of+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，先行词指人用whom,指物用which1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof______hadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.AtheseBthoseCthatDwhich2.HereareplayersfromAmerica,someof_____areouroldfriends.AthemBwhichCwhomDwhoDC注意：在这种从句中，逗号起了很重要的作用；若把逗号换成连词and，第2例就成为了并列句，答案就应该选A，成为：HereareplayersformAmericaandsomeofthemareouroldfriends.因为改为并列句后，someofthem是分句中的主语。1.根据从句的谓语动词或形容词固定搭配确定Thisisthehouse__________welivedlastyear.

2.根据先行词来确定Thiswastheday__________Ijoinedthearmy.3.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定Iboughtapairofglasses_________________Ican'tseeclearly.inwhichonwhichwithoutwhichliveinthehouseonthedaywithout....glassesThereisaholeinthewallthroughwhichwecanseewhatisgoingonintheroom.这个定语从句的先行词是hole,先行词与定语从句间被inthewall隔开，属于分隔式定语从句seethroughahole4.有时需要同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和先行词的搭配关系介词若与从句中的动词词组有关，可置于关系代词前，也可置于动词后，但若介词与动词分开后造成歧义，则介词不前置。e.gThisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousewhichwelivedinlastyear.Isthisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor?Isthisthebookforwhichyouarelooking?(wrong)介词的位置限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句?

Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他没说使她生气的话Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不发，这让她生气Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.(不止一位姐姐）Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.（只有一位姐姐）试比较不同限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式与先行词之间不用逗号隔开与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开功能与先行词的关系十分密切，限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义是先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整先行词先行词一般为单个的名词或代词先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分引导词可用所有的关系代词/副词引导，且关系词作宾语时可省略在所有的关系词中不能用that或why引导非限制性定语从句，且其他引导词不能省略翻译时译为“......的”可译为并列句1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,______,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what2.ChaplinlivedthelastyearsofhislifeinSwitzerland,_____hewasburiedin1977.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./改错：Allthebooksthere,thathavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.exercisesBAthat改为which判定方法Itwastheclassroom_______Ifoundmykeys.Itwasintheclassroom________Ifoundmykeys.wherethat定语从句强调句若将“Itis/was和that/who"去掉，而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句定语从句和强调句的区别1.从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的是关系代词，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中作句子成分，如主语，宾语等。e.gThenewsthatwe'llgoonapicnictomorrowisn'ttrue.

that引导的是同位语从句，进一步说明thenews的具体内容，that在从句中不担任成分Thenews(that)you'veheardisn'ttrue.that引导的是宾语从句，that在从句中作宾语定语从句和同位语从句的区别2.从语义角度上看，同位语从句与先行词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可转换为主表关系，如上例可改写为：Thenewsisthatwe'llgoonapicnictomorrow.定语从句与它前面是所属关系，表示“.....的",如上例我们不能改写为：Thenewsisthatyou'veheard.宜用that不用which的情况1.传统的语法解释：1.定语从句修饰的词（先行词）前面有形容词最高级修饰时2.先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery等修饰时3.先行词是all,every(thing),some(thing),any(thing),no(thing),none,little,few等4.先行词被序数词修饰时5.先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时6.先行词既有人又有物时Oh,myGod!这也太难记了吧！定语从句的易错点Thisisthebestfilm

that

I'veeverseen.The

onlything

thatmattersistofindourwayhome.Thefirstthingthat

weshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.Isthereanything

that

Icandoforyou?首先，我们要知道that的意思是"那一个“，是特指，具有明确的指示功能；而which的意思是”哪一个“，是有选择性的，不具备明确的指示功能。其次，我们通过对以上例句的分析，发现一个共同特点，那就是定语从句先行词的意义，不再具有选择性，指代非常明确。总结当定语从句的先行词不具备选择性时，用that引导。Whichisthedictionarythatyouwant?Who

thathassuchahomedoesn'tlove

it?为了避免重复，不用which或whoTheytalkedabout

themenandthings

that

theyrememberedatschool.which不能指人，而that既可以指人又可以指物，所以当先行词既有人又有物时，用that1.Thisistheveryreason______weallknow.AwhyBthatCforwhichDwhich先行词被thevery修饰，用that2.Thisisthefirstplace______Ivisitedlasttime.AwhereBinwhichCthatDhowBC3.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.AthethingBthatCwhatDwhichB先行词是all，用that先行词被序数词修饰，用that即学即练4.Theyaretalkingaboutthingsandpersons_____theysawafewdaysago.AthatBwhatCwhoDwhichA先行词有人又有物时，用that5.Whoisthegirl_____isstandingunderthetree?AwhichBwhoCthatDwhatCwho开头的问句中，用that即学即练2.宜用which不用that的情况(指物）介词之后逗号之后定语从句的易错点e.gHebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtverymuch.3.宜用who不用that的情况定语从句的易错点ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby6:30p.m.Wedon'twantanyonewhocan'taffordthetuitionfeetodropoutofschool.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.Thisistheway(that/inwhich)Ihavesolvedtheproblem.(关系词作状语）Thisistheway(that/which)hetoldustosolvetheproblem.（关系词作宾语）1.Theway______________youanswerthequestionswasadmirable.2.Idon'tliketheway_______________youlaugh.3.Theway____________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.4.Thisistheway___________helpsmealot.(that/inwhich)(that/inwhich)(that/which)that/whichExercises5.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别相同点：都可以引导非限制性定语从句；先行词都可指整个主句；都可在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。不同点：as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，并有逗号和主句隔开；而which引导的从句，只可放在主句后面。as还有“正如.....","正像....."之意，而which没有。定语从句的易错点Chinaisadevelopingcountry,asisknowntoall.Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.TheysaidtheywereFrench,whichwasn'ttrue.as引导的从句可位于句首或句末as还有“正如”的意思which引导的从句不可放在句首不同点：as作为关系代词还可用于thesame....as和such....as等结构中。Ihaveboughtthesamebook_____youhave.Iwillprovideyouwithsuchinformation_____youmayneed.asasthat也可以用在same的后面，但that和as所表示的意义是不同的。试比较：ThisisthesamepenasIusedlasttime.这和我上次使用的是同样的笔ThisisthesamepenthatIusedlasttime.这和我上次使用的是同一支笔

注意thesame....as....和.....是同一类thesame....that...和....是同一个6.不能重复作用相当于先行词的词TherearemanyplacesthatwecanvisittheminChina.ThisisthebookthatIamlookingforthebook.定语从句的易错点7.表示抽象的时间和地点的词近年来，高考对于关系副词when和where的考查趋于复杂化，从先行词为明显的“时间和地点”发展为“模糊的时间和地点”当先行词为point,situation,case,position,stage,condition,degree等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合，阶段”等抽象意义时，如果定语从句缺少地点状语，常用where引导定语从句当先行词是time,day,season,age,occasion等表示时间的名词时，如果定语从句缺少时间状语，常用when引导定语从句定语从句的易错点Exercises1.Wehavereachedanewstage_________wehavealmostnorightsatall.2.Wearelivinginanage_______manythingsaredonebycomputer.3.It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.4.Haveyoueverhadacase_______someoneaccusedyourjournalistsofgettingthewrongendofthestick?5.Occasionsarerare_______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.wherewhenwherewherewhen8.定语从句中谓语动词的形式(1)定语从句中，若关系代词作主语，其后从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。e.g.Iamnotonewhoisafraidofsnakes.Don'tchooseme,whoamnotfitforthisjob.(2)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式此时，复数名词是先行词，所以定语从句谓语动词用复数形式定语从句的易错点e.g.T