Unit1Grammar课件牛津译林版英语八年级下册

GrammarPresentperfecttenseUnit1Pastandpresent现在完成时

现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语过去分词的构成TaskWhatdoyouknowaboutMrChenandSunshineTownMrChenhaslivedinSunshineTownsincehewasborn.MrChenhasmovedtoanewneighbourhood.Heandhiswifehavelivedinthisareasince1965.Thetownhaschangedalotovertheyears.Thegovernmenthasturnedpartofthetowncentreintoanewpark.…FreetalkPresentPerfectTense现在完成时Structureofthepresentperfecttensehave/has

+done

sb+

助动词

（可以帮助构成肯定、疑问和否定句）

动词的过去分词1.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.一、现在完成时的用法用法1.表示过去某一时刻发生并一直持续到

现在动作或状态。如：IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.(“居住”这个动作发生在过去并且持续到现在。)IhavetaughtEnglishforabout15years.

(“教英语”这个动作也是发生在过去并且延续到现在。)一、现在完成时的含义（1）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如for、since等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种:

1.EddiehaslivedwithMilliefor4years.2.EddiehaslivedwithMilliesincehewasborn.since2006for:+一段时间

forayear,fortwoweeks,forthreeyears...

过去的某一时刻,sincelastweek,since2008…Since

一段时间+ago,since9yearsago,since3daysago…,+点时间一般过去时态的时间状语从句：sinceyoucame，

sincehemovedhere,sinceIwasborn…since4yearsago.Let’try!用since或for填空：1.Ihavebeenatthisschool____________morethantwoyears.2.Shehasworkedinthefactory___________tenyearsago.3.Mr.Greenhaslivedinthecity____________hewasborn.4.Hisfatherhasbeenapartymember___________twentyyears.forforsincesince用法2.表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成影

响或结果。Hehasalreadyturned

offthelight.他已经把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况——灯现在不亮了。)2.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthathappenedinthepastandhasaconnectionwiththepresent.如：EddiehasjusteatenHobo’sfood.埃迪刚刚吃了霍波的食物。(Eddieatethefood,andnowHoboisnothappy.)（2）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(句中）,

already(句中，句末）,before(句末）,yet（句末）,never（句中）,ever（句中）,recently(句末)等状语连用。例如：

1.Eddiehasjusteatenmyfood.(Eddie已经吃了我的食物。）2.Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.（我以前从未听说过那件事）3.Haveyoueverriddenahorse（你曾经骑过马吗？）4.Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.（她早已经完成这个工作了。）5.Wehaven’tfinishedourhomeworkyet.(我们还没有完成作业呢。)用法3.现在完成时谈论到现在为止，动作发

生了多少次。3.Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouthowmanytimesanactionhashappenedtillnow（uptonow).直到现在例如：Ihavealreadyreadthisbookmanytimes.这本书我已经看过多次了。二、现在完成时的构成（1）肯定句：I/We/You/They+助动词have+p.p(过去分词）+其它。He/She/It+助动词has+p.p(过去分词）+其它。e.g.They______________theirhomework.(finish）He______________hishomework.（finish)havefinishedhasfinished（2）否定句I/We/You/They+havenot/hasn’t+p.p(过去分词）+其它。He/She/It+hasnot/hasn’t+p.p(过去分词）+其它。e.g.They____________theirhomeworkyet(还未）.(finish）He____________hishomeworkyet.（finish)haven’tfinishedhasn’tfinishedhasn’t=hasnothaven’t=havenot(3)一般疑问句及回答Have+I/you/we/they+p.p(过去分词）+其它？Yes,I/you/we/theyhave.No,I/you/we/theyhaven’t.Has+she/he/it+p.p(过去分词）+其它？Yes,she/he/ithas.No,she/he/ithasn’t.._______you_______thefilm(watch)Yes,I_______.______yourfather________thefilm(watch)No,he_______.HavewatchedhaveHaswatchedhasn’t(4)特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p(过去分词）+其它？e.g.ThegirlhaslearnedEnglishfor6years.

Ihaveeatentwoapplesforbreakfast.HowlonghasthegirllearnedEnglishWhathaveyoueatenforbreakfast

1.Hehascleanedhisroom.(变成一般疑问句，并且给出肯定和否定回答）HashecleanedhisroomYes,hehas./No,hehasn't.2.ShehaslivedinLondonforfouryears.(划线部分提问）HowlonghasshelivedinLondon3.HehasbeentoChina,___________（写出反意疑问句部分）hasn’the4.Theyhaveebackfromwork.(变成否定句）Theyhaven'tebackfromwork.PracticeThepastparticiplesofverbsD.

study

–

carry

–work–look–clean–play–B.live–hope–C.stop–plan–

workedlookedcleanedplayedlivedhopedstoppedplannedstudiedcarriedCompetition过去分词的构成Thepastparticiplesofregularverbs(规则动词的过去分词)构成方法原形过去时一般情况在动词原形后加-edfinishanswerfinishedanswered以字母e结尾的动词，只加-dmovediemoveddied以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改为i,再加-edcarrycrycarriedcried以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplannedPresentation三、过去分词的构成写出下列动词的过去分词：worklikecrystaylearnusehelpfinishcookarriveworkedlikedcriedstayedlearnedusedhelpedfinishedcookedarrivedPractice不规则动词过去分词的构成参见P122

原形过去式

过去分词

costcostcostreadreadread

meetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught

bewas/werebeenfallfellfallendrawdrewdrawnflyflewflownseesawseenABBAAA

ABC1.borrow_______2.hope______3.make______4.get_______5.plan________6.cry____7.send_____8.watch_______9.say______10.grow______11.hit_____12.enjoy_______Mr.Wuwantsthestudentstopractiseusingthepresentperfecttense.Helpthemwritethepastparticiplesoftheverbsbelow.(P14)Aborrowedhopedmadegotplannedcriedsentwatchedsaidgrownhitenjoyed1.表示过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态,一直延续到现在，动词要用延续性动词。标志词：此用法常与theseyears,sofar/uptonow/tillnow(到目前为止)、

inthepast/last

fewyears(在过去的几年里)、for+

一段时间,since+过去时间点/一段时间+ago或一般过去时的句子等连用。2.表示动作发生在过去，和现在有联系，对于现在造成的一定的影响,强调的是影响,不能出现具体时间。标志词：此用法常与already(已经，用于肯定句)、yet(还，用于否定句与疑问句)、

ever(曾经，常用于疑问句)、never(从未)、

just(刚刚)、recently(最近)、before(以前,用于句末)等连用。3.表示到目前为止，动作发生多少次了。标志词：此用法常never,oncetwicethreetimes,howmanytimes等连用。四、常现在完成时连用的时间副词和时间短语现在完成时与一般过去时的区别Iboughtanewputerlastweek.——只强调动作发生在过去。Ihaveboughtanewputer.——不强调动作什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。◎一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等具体的时间状语。◎现在完成时的时间状语有：for,since,ever,never,just,already,yet,inthepastyears等不确定的时间状语。1.They____________(finish)theirhomeworkalready.2.John_____never_______(visit)China.3.MrLi____________(repair)overtenbicyclessinceMonday.4.We____________(notsee)eachotherforyears.5.Myparents_____________(note)backyet.6.Ourteacher___________(teach)usalotaboutthehistoryofChina.havefinishedhavenotehastaughthavenotseenhasrepairedhasvisitedMr.Wuasksthestudentstopletethesentencesbelowusingthepresentperfecttense.Helpthempletethesentences.(P14)BM:_____you_____(see)anyfilmsrecently,SandyS:No,Ihaven’t.WhataboutyouM:I____(see)onelastSaturday.S:What’sitaboutM:It’saboutthechangesinBeijingoverthepastcentury.Fromthisfilm,I__________(learn)moreaboutBeijing’spastandpresent.S:Oh,IthinkI__________(hear)aboutthefilm.DoyouplantoseeitagainM:Yes,I’dliketo.HaveseensawhavelearnthaveheardMillieandSandyaretalkingaboutafilmaboutthehistoryofBeijing.Completetheirconversationwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.(P14)CMoreExercises1.I________(have)dinner.Iamfull.2.We_________(read)thisstory.3.They________(see)themovie.4.She__________(buy)somenicetoys.5.Hurryup!Lunch_____already______(begin).6.We___________(wash)ourclothes.They’recleannow.7._____heever_______(ride)abikehavehadhavereadhaveseenhasboughthavewashedI.Fillintheblanks.Hasriddenhasbegun1.I’vealreadyhaddinner.(否)I_____________dinner_____.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.(否)He_____________hishomework___.3.Mumhascookedthedinner.(否)Mum______________thedinner.4.Ihavedonemyhomework.(疑)_____youdoneyourhomework___5.Ihaveriddenahorse.(疑)_____you_____riddenahorsehaven’thadyethasn’tfinishedyethasn’tcookedII.将下列句子改为否定句或疑问句。HaveyetHaveever()1.Ihavefinishedmyhomework____.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework____A.yet,yetB.yet,alreadyC.already,yetD.already,alreadyIII、单项选择:()2.Hehas____seenthefilmHarryPotter.Soheknowsnothingaboutit.A.alreadyB.everC.neverD.yet

()3.Shehasbeenillinbed____twodaysago.A.sinceB.inC.duringD.for()4.—Haveyouseenhim____—No,Ihaven’t.A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.recently()5.Ihave____watchedawonderfulfilm.It’sreallyinteresting.A.yetB.justC.justnowD.never()6.—___you__aticketforthefootballmatch—Notyet.A.Is,boughtB.Are,boughtC.Has,boughtD.Have,bought()7.Greatchanges____inChinasince1978.A.washappenedB.havehappenedC.havebeenhappenedD.happened()8.Tom______alotoffriendssincehecametoChinalastyear.A.madeB.makesC.ismakingD.hasmade()9.“Frozen”isaveryinterestingfilm.I___ittwicealready.A.willseeB.sawC.seeD.haveseen()10.They___sincethefactoryopened.A.haveworkedthereB.hadworkedhereC.workedthereD.workedhere()11.—Lucy,__you___yourticket—Notyet.A.did,findB.have,foundC.has,foundD.do,find()12.—WhatareyougoingtodothisSaturday—I____yet.A.haven’tdecidedB.won’tdecideC.amnotdecidedD.didn’tdecideinthepastatpresentActivityUseatleastfivesentencesinthepresentperfecttensetodescribethechangesinLianyungang.LianyungangLianyunganghasturnedintoamoderncity.However,over20yearsago,peoplelivedintheoldareaswitholdhousesandnarrowstreets.Theyusuallytravelled

aroundthecity

by

bicycle

oronfoot,and

therewasmuchpollution.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresi