高中英语：英语高考知识测试卷

2018年英语高考知识测试卷

（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）

第I卷

第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）

第节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscooking

upastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttoffers

toptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforuncer£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorning

Britainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmeals

forsons,Sam,!4,Finn,!3,andJack,11.

"WeloveMexicanchuiTos,so1buythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"she

explains."Ipay£5foraportion（一份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugar

andoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfood

ourselves.”

Theeight-partseries（系列节自），SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:Good

Health,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeach

week.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.

Theteamtransformsthefamily^longweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassinghergjests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadalightbudgetforherfamily,

2.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

3.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingyourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWelltorLess

B

Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almost

halfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋场）,andupto12milliontonspollute

theoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggests

ananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthe

greaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%of

plastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppinggreaterwaxmoth

bagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,

oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,

theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状，5)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost

13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(百每)fromtheworms'stomachs.Theirfindingswere

publishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.

FedericaBcrtocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood

beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,

thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains,"Thewaxv/onnevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthis

bond."

JenniferDeRruyn,amicrobiologistattheIIniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitis

notsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeed

ofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.

Isi(anenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgu(microbes(肠道微生力勿)？

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplastics

inlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess——notsimply"millionsofworms

thrownontopoftheplastic."

4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theylakeplasticsas(heireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

5.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.

A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown

B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme

C.confirmtheresearchfindings

D.increasethebreakdownspeed

6.1:canbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.

A.helptoraiseworms

B.helpmakeplasticbags

C.beusedtocleantheoceans

D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture

7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.

B.Tointroduce(hedietofaspecialworm.

C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.

D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepcco-balance.

C

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydowcoftenassumethatmoreismorewhen

itcomestokidsand(heirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowto

livemorewithless.

Ifound(hepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.

Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwas

unabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwe

promisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor)

Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions.Howdowcmakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdo

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wetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson.Shepherd,determinedto

testmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.I

expectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-

simple.universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,

throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomove

ontolunch.

Wcbothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittle

experimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedibrbothofus.

8.Whatdothewords“moreismore“inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.

C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.

9.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?

A.Totryoutanidea.

B.Toshowaparent'slove.

C.Totrainhisattention.

D.Tohelphimstartahobby.

10.Whatcanbeasuitabletideforthetext?

A.TakeItorLeaveIt.B.ALessonfromKids.

C.LiveMorewithLess.D.ThePleasureofGiving.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

WhyDoWeGetAngry?

Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescan

makeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（触发）events,

personalitytraits（特征）,andourassessmentofsituations.11

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythat（odescribethemal]wouldtakehundredsofpages.However,here

aresomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.___

12Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistory

andpsychologicaltraits.

Eachperson,nomatterwho（heyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthat

connectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.13Also,sometimes

pre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhas

occuiTed.

14Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimes

ignoranceandnegative（消极的）outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.

15However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearin

ordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutiheday

andpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.

A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.

B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.

C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.

D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.

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E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.

F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacritical

eye.

G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynot

triggeranother.

第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节完形填空(共20小题：每小题15分,满分V)分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并

在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown16.

Ilearnedthislessonfroma(n)17manyyearsago.Ilookthehead18jobalaschoolinBaxley,

Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.

1(wasatraditionfortheschool'soldteamtoplayagainstthe19teamattheendofspringpractice.The

oldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn'tevenpracticeto20thegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,Iwas

excitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentweweredefeated.Icouldn't21Ihad

gotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardaboutit,Icameto22.thatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteam

inGeorgia,buttheywere23me.Ihadtochangemy24abouttheirabilityandpotential.

IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle25.Mostimportant,Ibegantotreatthemlike

26_.Thatsummer,Whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheir27,wemeteverydayand28passingand

kickingthefootball.

Sixmonthsaftersufferingour29onthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecond,and

continuedto30.Finally,vvefacedthenumberoneteamin(hestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea31fbrus

evenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn'twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneof

(hegreatest32ofmylife!

From(heexperienceIlearmalotabouthow(heattitudeoftheleadercan33themembersofateam.

Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand34them.Ihelpedthemtosecthemselves35,andthey

builtthemselvesintowinners.

Winnersarcmade,notborn.

16.A.luckB.testsC.effortsD.nature

!7.A.experimentB.experienceC.visitD.show

18.A.operatingB.editingC.consultingD.coaching

19.A.successfulB.excellentC.strongD.new

20.A.cheerfbrB.prepareforC.helpwithD.finishwith

21.A.believeB.agreeC.describeD.regret

22.A.realizeB.claimC.permitD.demand

23.A.reactingtoB.lookingforC.dependingonD.caringabout

24.A.decisionB.attitudeC.conclusionD.intention

25.A.prideB.cultureC.fortuneD.relationship

26.A.leadersB.partnersC.winnersD.Jearners

27.A.rewardsB.vacationsC.healthD.honor

28.A.riskedB.missedC.consideredD.practiced

4

29.A.defeatB.declineC.accidentD.mistake

30.A.relaxB.improveC.expandD.defend

31.A.shameB.burdenC.victoryD.favor

32.A.chancesB.thrillsC.concernsD.offers

33.A.surpriseB.serveC.interestD.affect

34.A.encouragedB.observedC.protectedD.impressed

35.A.honestlyB.individuallyC.calmlyD.differently

第n卷

第二部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）

第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(I个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry36(grow)morecorn

thanrice.Comproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover37past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly

7percent.

Atastefbrmealis38(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,

pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonfbrcorn'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice

39_(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswaler40riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化月巴)runoff.Thisswitch

hasdecreased41(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferfbrpeople.

AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal42(globe)fertilizer

consumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefinds(hatbetween2005—whenthegovernment43(start)

asoil-testingprogram44givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizeruse

droppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(罚E放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China's

approachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile45(feed)itscitizens^offersusefilllessonsfbragricultureand

foodpolicymakersworldwide/'saysthebank'sJuergenVbegele.

第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）

假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,

内容包括：

I.到达时间；

2.合适的礼物；

3.餐桌礼仪。

注意：

1.词数80左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第二节：读后续写（满分25分）

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

5

Itwassummer,andmydadwantedtotreatmetoavacationlikeneverbefore.Hedecided（otakemeona（rip

totheWildWest.

WetookaplanetoAlbuquerque,abigcityinthestateofNewMexico.WereachedAlbuqu