【03-技能强化】专题01 阅读理解“长难句克星”：主干提取三步法+观点态度词库（学生版） -2025年新高二英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)

PAGE1专题01阅读理解“长难句克星”：主干提取三步法+观点态度词库内容导航考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破核心考点聚焦高考考点聚焦考点一考点一细节理解题考查长难句（2024-2025高二上·浙江六校联盟·期中）Inthevastanddiverseworldofanimals,thereexistsoddgesturesthatoftenleaveushumanspuzzledandamazed.Thesegestures,whichmayseemstrangeorunusualtous,areactuallyfascinatingglimpsesintotheuniquebehaviorsandcommunicationstylesofourpets.Animalswantourattention,andsometimesthey’requiteobviousaboutaskingforit.Oddgestureareoftenourpets’wayoftellingustostopwhatwe’redoingandplaywiththem.It’swhyFidoconstantlyfollowshistailandwhyKittykeepsrollingaround.Anextremelyboredpetmaychoose“bad”behaviorstocauseareaction!Sure,yourdoglovesyou,butthat’snotwhyhe’slicking(舔)yourface.Alittledoglearnstolickhismother’smouthtoobtainalittlefood,soSpotisn’tkissingyouinoursenseoftheword;hejustwantsasnack.Catownersalsomisinterprettheirpets’kisses.Whileacatmightlickyoutoshowlove,sometimesshe’lldoittocomfortherself.Onewaytotellifherlickingisstress-relatediswhetheritgoesonforalongperiodoftime.Atsomepointyou’veprobablytoldthesewordstosomeonewhomadeyouangry.Dogsthinksimilarly,avoidingeyecontactwithanyonewhoinjurestheirfeelings.Anothersignofanger:yawning(打哈欠).Ayawningdogmaynotbetiredbutanxious,notboredbutstressed.Similarly,lip-licking—whenthereisn’tfoodaroundtobringaboutit—isanothersignofthreat.Youmightthinkyourdogisrunningaroundthebackyard,havingthetimeofhislifewhileyou’reaway.Buttherealityisthathe’smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotforhours,waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety.Dogsactuallyprefertobeinside,ideallywiththeirowners.1．Ifadogintendstoeatfood,whichactionwillittake?A．Itstretchesitslegs,yawning.B．Itmakesaneyecontactwithitsowner.C．Itlicksitsowner’sfacewithasofttongue.D．Itrunsaroundthebackyard,followingitstail.2．Whatdowelearnaboutthegestureifacatconstantlykissesitself?A．Itfeelsamused. B．Itfeelsstressed.C．Itfeelsangry. D．Itfeelstired.3．Whenthedogsitsforalongtimewithoutmoving，itreveals________.A．thedogiseagerlyawaitingyourreturn B．thedogdisplaysasignoftirednessC．thedogisextremelyboredtoplaywithyou D．thedogdisplaysasignofembarrassment思路点拨：细节理解题与长难句1.1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sure,yourdoglovesyou,butthat’snotwhyhe’slickingyourface.Alittledoglearnstolickhismother’smouthtoobtainalittlefood,soSpotisn’tkissingyouinoursenseoftheword;hejustwantsasnack.(当然，你的狗爱你，但它舔你的脸并不是这个原因。小狗通过舔母亲的嘴来获得一点食物，所以Spot(狗名)并不是在按照我们的定义亲吻你；它只是想要零食)”可知，如果狗想吃东西，它会用柔软的舌头舔主人的脸。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Catownersalsomisinterprettheirpets’kisses.Whileacatmightlickyoutoshowlove,sometimesshe’lldoittocomfortherself.Onewaytotellifherlickingisstress-relatediswhetheritgoesonforalongperiodoftime.(猫主人也误解了他们宠物的亲吻。虽然猫可能会舔你来表达爱意，但有时候它这样做是为了让自己平静下来。一个判断她的舔舐是否与压力有关的方法是看这种行为是否会持续很长时间)”可知，如果猫长时间地舔自己，可能是因为它感到压力。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Buttherealityisthathe’smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotforhours,waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety.(但现实是，它很可能只是在一个地方坐上几个小时，焦虑地等待你回来)”可知，当狗长时间坐着不动时，它实际上是在急切地等待你回来。故选A。。答案1.C2.B3.A【长难句分析】Buttherealityisthathe’smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotforhours,waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety.句子分析：主干结构：Buttherealityisthat...（但现实是……）1.主语thereality（“现实”，名词短语）2.谓语is（系动词，连接主语和表语）3.表语（从句）引导词：that（无实义）从句核心：he’ssitting（“他正坐着”，现在进行时）修饰词：mostlikely（副词，“很可能”）just（副词，“只是”）inonespot（地点状语，“在一个地方”）forhours（时间状语，“数小时”）伴随动作：waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety（“焦虑地等你回来”，现在分词短语，说明坐着时的状态）翻译：但现实是，它很可能只是在一个地方坐上几个小时，焦虑地等待你回来。考点二考点二推理判断题与观点态度（2024-2025高二上·广东部分名校·期中）Inrecentyears,anewtrendcalledbegpackinghasappearedinthetravelworld.Thistermisacombinationofbeggingandbackpacking.Begpackersaretypicallysometouristswhotraveltoothercountries,andaskformoneyfromlocalstohelpsupporttheirtrips.Theycanbeseensittinginstreetswithsignswritteninthelocallanguage,askingformoneytofundtheirtravels.Somebegpackersplaymusicorsellhandmadeitemstogetmoney.Othersjustaskformoneywithoutgivinganythingbackinreturn.Whilebegpackingmightappeartobeaninnocentwayfortravelerstofundtheirtrips,it’sagainstthelawtoearnmoneyasatouristinmanycountries.Evenso,thisdoesn’tseemtostopbegpackersfromtrying.Andasaresult,it’scausedalotofcontroversial(有争议的)discussion.“Ifyoucannotaffordtotravel,don’tdoit,letaloneasklocalstopayforit,”RobertRashidwroteinaMediumarticle.Rashid,ajournalistwholivesinSeoul,hasbeencalledthe“begpackerbuster”,andisknownforspeakingoutagainsttouristswhobegonthestreets.Heevenreportsthemtothepolice.Rashidsaidhebelievesbegpackingis“emotionalbribery(贿赂)”,andtakesadvantageofthegenerosityoflocals,someofwhommightbepoorthemselves.FilipinolawyerRaphaelPangalangansaidbegpackingisanexampleof“nationalityprivilege”—havingadvantagesbecauseofthecountryofyournationality.“Ifpeoplefrompoorercountriesweretotrybegpacking,”Pangalangansaid,“theywouldbequicklydeported(驱逐出境).”ButWillHattonfromthetravelwebsiteTheBrokeBackpackersaysbegpackingdoesn’thavetobeanegativething.HetoldCNNhedoesn’tsupportbegging,buthebelievespeoplewhoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravelsarebeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles.1．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph1?A．Showtheauthor’spointofview.B．Makenecessarycomparisonforthereaders.C．Offerbasicevidencestothetopic.D．Introduceanewphenomenonfordiscussion.2．WhatisRobertRashid’sattitudetowardsbegpacking?A．Objective. B．Disapproving. C．Admirable. D．Curious.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutbegpackingaccordingtothetext?A．It’sillegaltopracticebegpackingglobally.B．It’sacceptabletocollectmoneyfromgenerouslocals.C．Poorbegpackersaremorelikelytogethelp.D．Usingproperwaystofundisareasonablechoice.思路点拨：例题主要考查推理判断题与观点态度1.推理判断题。第一段提到近年来，旅游界出现了一种新的趋势，叫做背包乞讨。由此可推知，作者在第一段打算引入一个新现象进行讨论。故选D项。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中““Ifyoucannotaffordtotravel,don’tdoit,letaloneasklocalstopayforit,”RobertRashidwroteinaMediumarticle.(“如果你负担不起旅行费用，那就不要去，更不用说让当地人付钱了，”罗伯特·拉希德在Medium网站的一篇文章中写道。)”可推知，罗伯特·拉希德对背包行乞的态度是不赞成的。故选B项。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“HetoldCNNhedoesn’tsupportbegging,buthebelievespeoplewhoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravelsarebeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles.(他告诉CNN，他不支持乞讨，但他相信那些通过播放音乐或出售物品来为旅行筹集资金的人是勇敢的，他们在探索另一种生活方式。)”可知，我们可以了解到使用适当的方式来筹集资金是一个合理的选择。故选D项。答案1.D2.B3.D【长难句分析】HetoldCNNhedoesn’tsupportbegging,buthebelievespeoplewhoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravelsarebeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles.一、整体结构句子类型：并列复合句（由but连接两个分句）核心框架：分句1+but+分句2二、分句1：HetoldCNNhedoesn’tsupportbegging主语：He（代词，“他”）谓语：told（及物动词，“告诉”）间接宾语：CNN（机构名称，“美国有线电视新闻网”）直接宾语（从句）：hedoesn’tsupportbegging引导词：that（省略，口语中常见）从句主语：he从句谓语：doesn’tsupport（否定式，“不支持”）从句宾语：begging（动名词，“乞讨”）三、分句2：buthebelievespeople...arebeingbrave...转折连词：but（连接两个分句，表转折）主语：he（代词，与前句主语一致）谓语：believes（及物动词，“认为”）宾语（从句）：peoplewho...arebeingbraveandexploring...引导词：that（省略）从句主语：people定语从句（修饰people）：whoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravels引导词：who（指代people，作主语）并列谓语：playmusic/sellitems目的状语：tofundtheirtravels（不定式，“为旅行筹资”）从句谓语（主从句）：arebeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles并列结构：arebeingbrave（现在进行时表状态，“表现得勇敢”）andexploringalternativelifestyles（与前项并列，“探索另类生活方式”）翻译：他告诉CNN，他不支持乞讨，但他相信那些通过播放音乐或出售物品来为旅行筹集资金的人是勇敢的，他们在探索另一种生活方式。考点考点三词义猜测题（2024-2025高二上·重庆七校·期中）Isoldoneofmycarsandswitchedtoane-bikeoneyearago.IknewthatIwasdoingsomethinggoodfortheplanet.ButIstillviewedgivingupmycarassomethingreservedforthedeeplycommittedandadventurous,somethingthatGreenpeacevolunteersdidtomaketheworldbetter.However,IliveinColorado;e-bikewouldmeanfreezinginthewinterandsweatinginthesummer.Itwastherightthingtodo,Ithought,butitwasnotgoingtobefun.Iwasverywrong.Beforesellingmycar,Iworriedmostaboutridinginthecoldwintermonths.ButIquicklylearnedthat,asthesayinggoes,thereisnobadweather,onlybadclothes.Iweargloves,warmsocksandaskijacketwhenIride,andIamalmostnevertoocold.ThoughI,likemanywould-becyclists,wasworriedaboutarrivingattheofficesweatyinhottermonths,thee-bikesolvedmyproblem.Evenwhentherewas35degreesCelsiusoutside,Ididn’tsweat,thankstomybike’spedal-assistmode(脚踏辅助模式).IfIamhonest,sometimesIdidn’tevenpedal;Ijustswitchedtopedal-assistmode,satbackandenjoyedmyride.Butbikingtoworkwasn’tjustnotunpleasant—itwasentirelyenjoyable.Oneday,shortlyaftersellingourcar,Ihoppedon(跳上)mybikeafterastressfuldayatworkandrodehomedownastreetedgedwithchangingfallleaves.IfeltmoreconnectedtothephysicalenvironmentaroundmethanIhadwhenI’dtraveledthesameroutesurroundedbymetalandglass.Ihavetosay,thissensationmademehappierandhealthier.Ofcourse,e-bikesaren’tgoingtoreplaceeverycaroneverytrip.Inacountrywhereuncontrolledstretchingofsuburbsandmallsandunprotectedbikepathsarethenorm,it’sunrealistictoexpecte-bikestoreplacecarsinthewaythattheModelT(福特公司第一款大规模生产的汽车)replacedhorses.Butasanindividual,makingshorttripsonane-bikewouldsavemoney,cutcarbonfootprints,andimprovehealthandwell-being.4．Whatdidtheauthororiginallythinkoflettinggoofhiscar?A．Ahealthymove. B．Adifficultchoice.C．Acallofduty. D．Acrowd-drivendecision.5．Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheactualexperienceofridingtowork?A．Confused. B．Embarrassed. C．Anxious. D．Amazed.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thissensation”inparagraph4referto?A．Interestinexploringnewroutes. B．Desiretoheadhomefaster.C．Relieffromworkpressure. D．Loveforexposuretonature.思路点拨：例题主要考查词义猜测题。4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Isoldoneofmycarsandswitchedtoane-bikeoneyearago.IknewthatIwasdoingsomethinggoodfortheplanet.ButIstillviewedgivingupmycarassomethingreservedforthedeeplycommittedandadventurous,somethingthatGreenpeacevolunteersdidtomaketheworldbetter.However,IliveinColorado;e-bikewouldmeanfreezinginthewinterandsweatinginthesummer.Itwastherightthingtodo,Ithought,butitwasnotgoingtobefun.(一年前，我卖掉了一辆汽车，换上了一辆电动自行车。我知道我在为地球做些好事。但我仍然认为，放弃我的汽车是那些献身精神和冒险精神的人的事情，是绿色和平组织的志愿者为了让世界变得更美好而做的事情。然而，我住在科罗拉多州；骑电动自行车意味着冬天挨冻，夏天大汗淋漓。我想，这样做是对的，但这不会很有趣)”可知，科罗拉多州的气候不适合骑电动自行车，会让人受累。由此可知，作者原本认为放弃他的汽车是一个艰难的选择。故选B项。5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Iweargloves,warmsocksandaskijacketwhenIride,andIamalmostnevertoocold.(我骑车时戴手套，穿暖和的袜子和滑雪服，所以我几乎从不觉得太冷)”、第三段中“ThoughI,likemanywould-becyclists,wasworriedaboutarrivingattheofficesweatyinhottermonths,thee-bikesolvedmyproblem.(虽然我和许多想骑自行车的人一样，担心在炎热的月份上班时汗流浃背，但电动自行车解决了我的问题)”和第四段中“Butbikingtoworkwasn’tjustnotunpleasant—itwasentirelyenjoyable.(但是骑自行车上班不仅没有不愉快，而且完全是一种享受)”可知，作者原本担心的受冻、流汗的问题几乎不存在，相反，骑自行车还带来了享受。由此可知，作者对骑车上班的实际经历感到惊叹。故选D项。6．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“IfeltmoreconnectedtothephysicalenvironmentaroundmethanIhadwhenI’dtraveledthesameroutesurroundedbymetalandglass.(我感觉自己与周围的自然环境更紧密地联系在一起，而不是走在被金属和玻璃包围的同一条路线上)”可推知，“这种感觉”指的是前面描述的对接触自然的喜爱。故选D项。答案4．B5．D6．D考点考点四主旨大意题（2024-2025高二上·广东深圳三校联考·期中）Thecliche(陈词滥调)ofaknitterisawhite-hairedlady.Butinthe1940s,youngmaleRoyalAirForcepilotsusedneedlesastheywaitedfortheirnextmission.Wartimepilotscrashedalotand“lapcrafts”likeknitting,helpedrebuildflexibilityinwoundedlimbswhilealsohelpingtosettlewoundedminds.Theywerethefoundationofearlyoccupationaltherapy(治疗).Today,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldemploythesesametechniques.“Theyarecloselyassociatedwithourmentalhealth,”saysJanineSmith,theownerofastorethatsellssuppliesforknittingandcrocheting(用钩针编制).“IknowthatifIhaven’tknittedforafewdays,Ireallymissit.It’slikemeditation.”PhysiotherapistBetsanCorkhillandoccupationaltherapistJillRileywerepartofateamfromCardiffUniversitythat,tenyearsago,surveyedmorethan3,500knittersandfoundthatthemorefrequentlypeopleknitted,thecalmerandhappiertheyfelt.Inreality,itisa“Flow”,whichisaconceptfirstnamedbypsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyiashewroteinhisbook,“Thebestmomentsinourlivesarenotthepassive,receptive,relaxingtimes.Thebestmomentsusuallyoccurifaperson’sbodyormindisstretchedtoitslimitsinavoluntaryefforttoaccomplishsomethingdifficultandworthwhile.”ShaunaRichardsonknowsjusthowtruethisis.Theartistspent18monthsinastateofflowwhenshecrochetedthreeseven-metre-longlionsforthe2012CulturalOlympiad.Tocompletethetask,whichrequirednearly38milesofwool,shesaysshehadto“zoneeverythingoutandsustainastateofminddrivenbyrhythmandprocess.”Butsmallerprojectswillalsogetyouthere.Evenasimpleknittingorcrochetpatternrequiresattentivenesstoensurethateachstitchismadecorrectly.Andifthere’snotenoughchallengeinthestraightforward,youcanmakeadditions,fromcolourchangestotexturedstitchestohighlycomplicatedpatterns.TheCardiffresearchteamfoundthateventhoughmostofthepeoplesurveyedwereemployed,three-quartersofthosewhoknittedthreeormoretimesaweekfeltsignificantlymoreabletoorganisetheirthoughtsandforgettheirproblems.1．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．ActiveHands,CalmMinds. B．UniqueTherapy,EffectiveHealing.C．SpecialTechniques,OrganizedThoughts. D．SimpleKnitting,StrongBody.思路点拨：例题主要考查主旨大意题1．主旨大意题。通读全文，重点结合文章第三段“PhysiotherapistBetsanCorkhillandoccupationaltherapistJillRileywerepartofateamfromCardiffUniversitythat,tenyearsago,surveyedmorethan3,500knittersandfoundthatthemorefrequentlypeopleknitted,thecalmerandhappiertheyfelt.(物理治疗师贝特森·科克希尔和职业治疗师吉尔·莱利是卡迪夫大学一个团队的成员。十年前，该团队对3500多名编织者进行了调查，发现人们编织的频率越高，感觉就越平静和快乐。)”可知，文章主要介绍了编织活动对人们心理健康的积极影响，包括让人心情平静、进入“心流”状态。故A选项“ActiveHands,CalmMinds(灵巧的双手，平静的心灵)”准确概括了文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选A项。。答案1．APassage01（2024-2025·广东八校联盟·高二上教学质量检测）“Who’sagoodreader?It’syou,isn’tit?”Thisisatypicalexampleof“parentese(父母语)”.Recentresearchsuggeststhatparentsspeakingparentesetotheirbabiescangivethebabies’languagedevelopmentaseriousboost.Inthestudy,researchersfoundthatteachingparentshowtospeakproperparenteseenhancedtheirabilitytocommunicatewiththeirbabies—andevenimprovedthechildren’slong-termlanguageskills.Parenteseisdistinctfromconventionalbabytalk,whichmostlyreliesonsillysoundsandmade-upwords.Inthe1960s,scientistsstudyingspeechpatternsacrossdifferentlanguagesnoticedauniquestylethatadultsusedaddressingyoungchildren.Thislanguagewascharacterizedbysimplewordsandgrammar,highpitch(音调)andamuchslowerspeed.Thebaby-directedspeechwasfirstnamed“motherese”beforeitwascalled“parentese”.Laterresearchshowedparenteseisgrammaticallycorrect,withrealwordsandphrases,whichhelpedbabiesdifferentiatebetweenwordsandprocesswhatwasbeingsaid.“We’veknownforsometimethatuseofparenteseisassociatedwithimprovedlanguageoutcomes,butwedidn’tknowwhy,”saysPatriciaK.Kuhl,thenewresearch’sseniorauthor.ButKuhlthinksthenewresearchsuggestswhyparentesehelpsbabieslearnlanguageskills.“Wenowthinkparenteseworksbecauseit’sasocialattractionforthebabybrain,”shesays.“Itshighpitchandslowerspeedaresociallyengagingandinvitethebabytorespond.”All71familiesinthenewstudyhadtheirchildrenequippedwithaspecialcoatwithanaudiorecorderbuiltin.Duringfourseparateweekendswhenthebabieswere6,10,14and18monthsold,theresearchersrecordedalloftheinteractionsbetweenfamilymembersandthebabies.The48familieswhowererandomlyselectedforacourseinparenteselearnedaboutwaystoincludemoreparenteseinconversation.Andeventhoughalloftheparticipatingfamiliesusedsomeformofparenteseatthestartofthestudy,thebabiesofparentswhoreceivedcoachingshowedthemostimprovementsintheirconversationskills.Beyondthat,thosebabieshada100-wordvocabularycomparedwiththecontrolgroup,whoonlyknew60wordsat18months.8．Whichaspectofthenewstudydoesparagraph1focuson?A．Itsaim. B．Itsresult. C．Itsprocedure. D．Itsparticipants.9．Whatdidscientistsfindaboutparenteseinthe1960s?A．Itwaseasytofollow. B．Itwasuniquetomothers.C．Itwasfullofmade-upwords. D．Itwassimilartotraditionalbabytalk.10．WhatdoesKuhlsayaboutparentese?A．Itinspiresbabiestospeakmore. B．Ithasshort-termeffectsonbabies.C．Itteachesbabiesmoresocialskills. D．Ithelpsbabiesdifferentiatewordsandphrases.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coaching”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Casualadviceorguidance. B．Formaltrainingorinstruction.C．Observationwithoutintervention. D．Emotionalsupportwithoutpracticalhelp.Passage02（2024-2025·安徽十校联考·高二上1月联考）Itisacommonviewthat“Necessityisthemotherofinvention”.Thatis,inventionssupposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed.Quiteafewinventionsdofitinthiscategory.Forexample,in1794EliWhitneyinventedcottongins(轧棉机)toreplacelaborioushandcleaningofcottongrownintheU.S.South.Suchfamiliarexamplesfoolusintoassumingthatothermajorinventionswerealsoresponsestoperceivedneeds.Infact,mostinventionsweredevelopedbypeopledrivenbycuriosityorbyaloveoftinkering(捣鼓).Onceadevicehadbeeninvented,theinventorthenhadtofindanapplicationforit.Onlyafterithadbeeninuseforaconsiderabletimedidconsumerscometofeelthatthey“needed”it.Thus,inventionisoftenthemotherofnecessity,ratherthanviceversa.Agoodexampleisthehistoryofthemotorvehiclewhichwasnotinventedinresponsetoanydemand.WhenNikolausOttobuilthisfirstgasenginein1866,itwasweak,heavy,andsevenfeettall.Thirtyyearslater,hebuiltthefirsttruck.Butitwasatimewhenhorsewagonsandsteam-poweredrailroadsdominatedtransportation.PubliccontentmentwiththesetwomeansremainedhighuntilWorldWarIwhenthearmiesconcludedthattheyreallydidneedtrucks,whicheventuallymadethosevehiclesasubstituteforhorse-drawnwagonsinindustrializedcountries.Inventorsoftenhavetoinsistontheirtinkeringforalongtimeintheabsenceofpublicdemand,becauseearlymodelsperformtoopoorlytobeuseful.Forinstance,thefirstcameras,typewriters,andtelevisionsetswereasawfulasOtto’sseven-foot-tallgasengine.Thatmakesitdifficultforaninventortoforeseewhetherhisorherawfulprototypemighteventuallyfindauseandthusinvestmoretimeandexpensetodevelopit.Eveninventionsthatmeettheneedforwhichtheywereinitiallydesignedmaylaterprovemorevaluableatmeetingunforeseenneeds.WhileJamesWattdesignedhissteamenginetopumpwaterfrommines,itsoonwassupplyingpowertocottonmills,then(withmuchgreaterprofit)drivingtrainsandboats.28．WhyisEliWhitneymentionedbythewriterinthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopic. B．Todenyastatement.C．Toclarifyadoubt. D．Toillustrateaview.29．Whatledtothewideuseofmotorvehiclesaccordingtothetext?A．Theimprovementofengineperformance. B．TheendofWorldWarI.C．Theneedofthemilitaryduringwartime. D．Thedeclineofhorse-drawnwagons.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”refertointhelastparagraph?A．Absenceofpublicdemand. B．Badperformanceofearlymodels.C．Alackoftimeandexpense. D．Awfullooksofpreviousinventions.31．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SocialNeed:theInnerDriveforInventionB．GreatInvention:theForceofSociety’sProgressC．BeyondNecessity:theCuriousPursuitofInventionD．GeneralApplication:theFinalPurposeofInventionPassage03（2024-2025·河南豫北名校·高二上9月联考）Wavesofinnovationoftencreategiants.Artificialintelligence(AI)maywellbethenextbigtechnologicalshift,transformingthewayofbusinesses.FirmssellingthesoftwareandhardwarethatsupportAIwillgainalotofprofit.ButnoneisbetterpositionedthanNvidia,anAmericanfirmthatmakesspecialistAIchips.Itsmarketvaluebrieflypassed$1,000billionthisweek.WillNvidiaalwaysbeatech-giantinthisfield?Thehype(炒作)aroundAImakesthequestionhardtoanswer.ExcitementaboutNvidiabegantomountinNovember,afterthereleaseofChatGPT,anAI-poweredchatbot.SincethenmanykindsoffirmshavelaunchedAIproducts.Nvidiaisinanenviable(令人羡慕的)position.Itscorebusinessisdesigninghigh-performancechips.Atfirstitsoldthesetovideo-gamelovers.ThechipswerealsohighlyefficientattrainingAImodels,andanew,boomingmarketemerged.Nvidiaalsohadtheforethoughttoinvestintwoareasthathelpedstrengthenitsdominance(支配地位).Oneisadvancednetworking.BecausetrainingAImodelsrequiresvastamountsofprocessingpower,manychips—sometimesthousands—areusedatthesametime.Thesechipsexchangedataalongahigh-performance,AI-tailorednetwork.Nvidia’sotherstrengthisitssoftware.CUDA,itsAIplatform,ispopularwithprogrammersandrunsonlyonthecompany’schips.Forinstance,bygivingfreeaccesstoitschipsandsoftwaretosomeAIresearchers,thefirmfocusedonencouragingdeveloperstouseitssoftwarelongbeforeitscompetitorssetouttowoothem.Despitealltheseadvantages,however,Nvidia’slastingdominanceisnotassured.NewcompaniesandbigchipmakerswantashareofNvidia’snetworkandchipbusinesses.Thebiggestchallenge,though,maycomefromNvidia’sowncustomers.Thecloud-computingarmsofbothAmazonandAlphabetaredesigningtheirownAI-tailoredchips.Bothhavethepotentialtobecomefearsomecompetitors.12．WhichofthefollowingmakesNvidiaenviableaccordingtothepassage?A．Thehypearoundartificialintelligence. B．ThereleaseofChatGPT.C．Theavailabilityofitschips. D．Thehighperformanceofitschips.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“woo”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Huntfor. B．Attendto. C．Approveof. D．Guardagainst.14．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Nvidiawillloseitsdominancedefinitely. B．Nvidiashouldfurtherimproveitschips.C．AlphabethasweakenedNvidia’smarket. D．AmazonwilldefeatNvidiasoon.15．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofNvidia’sdominanceinthefuture?A．Unchallengeable.B．Uncertain. C．Predictable. D．Assured.真题感知Passage01C【2025全国1卷】Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrömmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad. B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore. D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A.Keeptheircitieslivable. B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies. D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport. D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhytheRush? B.What’sNext?C.WheretoStay? D.WhotoBlame?Passage02【2025全国1卷】MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龙头):boilingandfiltering(过滤)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸钙)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfoc