阅读理解记叙文、应用文类（复习讲义）-2026年高考英语一轮复习（上海专用）原题版

第09讲阅读理解记叙文类、应用文类

目录

01考情解码•命题预警2

02体系构建•思维可视4

03核心突破♦靶向攻坚5

重

知识点1细节理解题5

知识点2推理判断题6

知识点3词义推断题6

知识点4主旨大意题6

考向1考查细节理解题7

考向2号查推理判断题8

考向3整查词义推断题9

考向4考查主旨大意题10

【思维建模】把握文章结构；理解故事脉络

12

知识点1直接信息题

知识点2直接信息题

知识点3判断推理题

知识点4主旨大意题

考向1跨查“细节研读”题

考向2督查“寻找共同点”题12

考向3带查“文章出处”题17

考向4考查“数据计算”题19

【思维建模】定位信息细比对；排除干扰辨主题

04真题溯源•考向感知24

01

考情解码-命题预警

维度记叙文类阅读（含新闻报道）应用文类阅读

主题与选材1.人与自然和谐共处（如作家与野兔的故事）1.校园生活（如讲座报名、活动通知）

2.社会热点（如环保政策、AI伦理）2.社会服务（如志愿者招募、公益倡议）

3.人物故事（如志愿者经历、历史事件）3.跨文化交流（如文化推介、国际合作）

4.新闻报道聚焦科技、健康、文化交流（如糖尿4.科技应用（如AI伦理讨论、在线平

病研究）台使用指南）

1.细节理解题（60%-70%）：直接考查事件要素

1.信息查找题（主要）：定位关键信息

或具体信息

（时间、地点、要求）

2.推理判断题（20%-30%）：推断隐含意义或作

2.细节理解题：确认具体内容（如格式

题型分布者意图

要求、步骤）

3.词义猜测题（约10%）：结合构词法和语境推

3.应用能力题：根据文本内容做出实际

测超纲词或熟词生义

判断（如回复邮件、撰写通知）

4.主旨大意题：概括文章中心思想或标题

变化趋势1.阅读材料直接选用《英国独立报》《金融时报》1.题型从“知识型”转向“能力应用

等外刊原文，真实性与时效性增强型”，侧重实际问题解决

2.推理题和主旨题比例上升，弱化纯事实记忆考2.格式要求从固定模板转向灵活创新，

查鼓励个性化表达

3.新闻报道类文章增加，强调批判性思维（如分3.跨文化任务增加，要求结合本土与国

析正反观点）际视角

02

体系构建"思维可视

■03

核心突破•靶向攻坚

PU

♦考点一、考查阅读记叙文或新闻报道类

知识点01细节事实题顺藤摸瓜

记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W(what,who,when,where,why)要素。因

此作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。

（2025•上海奉贤•二模）

CustomizingcarsbecamepopularafterWorldWarII,becausepeoplesoughtsomethingpersonaltoexpress

theirindividuality.Carclubsemerged,andtheappetitefornewvehiclesgrew,especiallyamongthewealthy.The

bigautomobilecompaniesdidnotventureintothismarket,leavingthefieldopentoindependentoperatorssuchas

GeorgeBarrisandothers.However,nobodycouldmatchBarris'sskillinthisfield.

2.WhatwastheprimaryreasonfortheriseofcarcustomizationafterWorldWarII?

A.Theriseofcarclubsdemandingexclusivedesigns

B.Theinnovationsinautomotiveproductiontechnology

C.People'sgrowingappetitefordistinctiveself-expression

D.Post-wareconomicrecoveryboostingconsumerspending

知识点02推理推断题……左顾右盼

在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓

住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右

盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。

（2025•上海虹口•二模）It'seighto'clockonChristmasmorning,anddadsayshewantstolistentothenews.

My11-year-oldselfiswonderingwhyonEarthgrown-upswouldbeinterestedinthenewswhenthereare

importantthingstobedone,suchashandingoutpresents.Andthen,whileIamonlyhalf-listeningtotheradio

broadcast,somethingunusualhappens:theboringnewsreaderbeginstalkingaboutaChristmasmessage.Hadn't

weheardthatreportearlier?

Myolderbrother,Colin,figuresoutwhafshappening."Pete,Pete,ifsataperecorder!We'vegotourtape

recorder!9,

Itfinallydawnsonme:mydadrecordedthenewsandisplayingitbacknow.

1.WhydiddadwanttolistentothenewsonChristmasmorning?

A.Heexpectedtogivetheboysasurprise.

B.Hewaspostponinghandingouthispresents.

C.Hehadalwaysenjoyedlisteningtothenews.

D.HemissedtheChristmasnewsthedaybefore.

知识点3词义句意推测题拨云见日

阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道句意或词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是与你素昧平

生的，或者和你有点头之交的，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小

的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个

段落的整体把握和变通能力。

（2025年闵行一模）

Everyyear,millionsoftonsofclothingarethrownaside,withalmosthalfofitendingupinlandfills.And

here*sthekicker,mostofitbarelygetswornbeforeit'sthrownaway,thankstotheendlesscycleoffastfashion.

Parkthought,t4Icandobetterthanthis."So,shepicturedanewkindofstoreonethatwouldn'tjustreduce

wastebutwouldalsoinspirepeopletomakesmarter,greenerchoices.

37.Thephrase“thekicker"inparagraph2mostlikelymeans.

A.thepersonkickingthefootballB.somethingunexpectedandsurprising

C.themostexcitingpartofthesituationD.thereasonwhyfastfashionissuccessful

知识点4主旨大意或写作意图推断—刨根问底

如前所述，主旨大意推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题

型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项

中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“Whatcanbeinferred”或

是“Whatdoestheauthorimplyin...?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，

在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来

体会这言外之意。

（2025年浦东新区一模）

Iwasn'tpreparedtobeaclimaterefugee.NotafterrelocatingmyfamilyfromdroughtandwildfireCalifornia

tothe“climateshelter“ofAsheville,N.C.Butlessthantwomonthsafterwemovedintoourdelightfullywooded,

mild-weathercommunity,wewereforcedtoleave.

OnSeptember26,thehurricanemadeitswayinlandfromtheGulfofMexicothroughFlorida,Georgiaand

SouthCarolina.Alongitspath,ittoreapartcommunityaftercommunity.AndthenithitwesternAppalachia.At

2,000feetabovesealeveland300milesfromthecoast,Ashevilleisaplacewherepeoplewenttogetawayfrom

destructivehurricanes.

Thatnight,Icouldn'tsleep.Treescrasheddownaroundmyhomeasemergencyalertssoundedonmyphone.

Powerlineswentdown.Roadsflooded.DespitebeingwithinamileoftheFrenchBroadRiver,wewerenottoldto

ewzCe（撤离）aheadofthestorm.

Whenwehearditwouldtakeweeksorlongertorestorebasicservices,Imadeplansformyfamilytoleave

town.Wewerelucky-welivedneartheonehighwaythatwasopen,andhadafulltankofgasandaplacetogo.

SoonSundayweleftAshevilletostaywithfamilyontheOuterBanks.

39.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Consequencesofahurricane

B.Measuresagainstthedisaster

C.AnewbeginninginAsheville

D.Anaccountofaclimaterefugee

考向i事实细节题

【考向破译】

在做直接事实题时，要抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可

以直接找到。做间接事实题时，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单

的计算。数据推算题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在

做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于

干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。

♦精准定位：仔细阅读题目，确定关键词（如人名、地名、时间、事件等），然后在新闻报道中快速定

位包含这些关键词的句子或段落。

♦比对信息：将选项与定位到的原文内容逐字比对。注意选项中的细节表述与原文是否完全一致，包括

数字、范围、程度等。

（2024青浦二模）

Butinthedepression,arealizationbegantodawnonme-Ihadfailed,yes,butIhadalsolearnedvaluable

lessonsalongtheway.Armedwiththisnewfoundwisdom,IensuredthatIwoulddobetternexttime.Ithrew

myselfintomystudieswithreneweddetermination,devourincbooksandpracticingpastexamswithaneagerness

Ihadneverknownbefore.

57.Whatdidtheauthordoafterhefailedintheexam?

A.Heattendedvaluablelessonsinschool.

B.Heretooktheexamoverandoveragain.

C.Hepromisedtoarmhimselfwitheagerness.

D.Hedeterminedtoengagehimselfinlearning.

APilgrimagetoMontBlanc

Itwasonagreywinter'sdayinmyparents5houseoutsideGlasgowthatIfirstsuggestedMontBlancin

summer.IknewIshouldmakemoreefforttospendtimewithmy74-year-olddad,butwhatIwasproposingathis

agewasarisk.Aten-dayhikearoundoneofEurope?shighestmountainsseemedalittleextreme.

“Oldagedoesn'tcomealone,9,hereplied,implyingthememorylossfromarecentlife-threateningstroke.

Yet,tostirmemoryinlong-forgottenfootprintsseemedliketherightthingtodo.Webookedaflight,andfour

monthslater,arrivedintheshadowofMontBlancinChamonix,France.

Tocapturethemoment,Itookaphoto,butonlythendiditdawnonmethatitwasnearlythesame

compositionasonaslideIhadfirstseeninoneofthosejunkboxes.Therewasthatsmile,thoseeyesfixedonthe

horizon,thebeautifulAlpineridgesofMontBlanccrowdingoutthebackground.Forasplitsecond,itlookedasif

nothinghadchanged.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatmainlymotivatedtheauthortotakehisfatheronahikearoundMontBlanc?

A.Hisfather'soldageandpoorhealth.

B.Hisfather^memorylossfromastroke.

C.Hisdreamoftravelingwithhisfatheragain.

D.HiswishtovisitoneofEurope9shighestmountains.

4.Whatdidtheauthorrealizeaftertakingthefamilypicture?

A.Itwasnevertoolatetoaccompanyhisfather.

B.Heandhisfatherchangedwithtimepassingby.

C.Everythingchangeswithtimeexceptthemountains.

D.Thefather'spassionforthemountainsdidn,tfadewithage.

InatownnearthePotomacRiver,GeorgeandAnneAllen,both82,struggletoremainintheirbeloved

three-storyhouseandneighborhood.Mr.Allenhashadtroublewalkingsincehebrokehisbackboneinafalldown

thestairs,andheexpectstolosehisdriver'slicensewhenitcomesupforrenewalgivenhisphysicalstate.Mrs.

Allenrecentlygotherfoothurtgettingoutofbed.Neithercanclimbuptochangethelightorbendunderthesink

tofixaleak.Withoutoutsidehelp,storesandpubliclocationsmeanunimaginablehikestothem.

Forinspiration,4taginginplace^^groupsnowpayyearlydues一$580foranindividualinexchangeforthe

securityofknowingthatcarpenters,chefs,computerexpertsorhomehealthhelpersareonephonecallaway.

36.WhatisNOTmentionedasaproblemtheAllensmeetwith?

A.Physicalweaknessduetothebrokenbone.

B.Possiblelossofdriver'slicenseduetobreakingtrafficrules.

C.Failuretohandlecertainfixingtasksduetolimitedmobility.

D.Difficultyintravelingtopublicplacesaloneduetophysicalcondition.

37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.PeoplelikeAllensgathertoliveinaspecialplaceforsharedelderlycaring.

B.ThegovernmentarrangesnecessaryservicesforpeoplelikeAllens.

C.Seniorpeoplegiveup"aginginplace,,lifemainlyoutofpressurefromchildren.

D.”Aginginplace“peoplepaytohavenecessaryservicestaffoncall.

考向2推理判断题

【考向破译】

推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实

或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,

属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析

语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，

切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注

意避免过度推断。

区间定位是快速定位的重要手段之一，使用区间定位能够帮助学生在没有完全读懂原文的情况下尽可

能答对较多的题。

♦抓住关键信息进行推理：善于捕捉文章中的关键词或短语，利用这些信息进行分析、推理和判断，从

而推断出隐含的深层含义。

♦结合语境和常识：利用文章的语境和已知常识进行逻辑推理，如通过语境的褒贬性来推断人物心理、

作者意图等。

♦区分观点与事实：明确文章中哪些是作者的观点、态度，哪些是客观事实，避免将作者的观点误认为

事实。

（2024虹口二模）

ThenIsawBoruagain.Hetoldmehow,overtwoyears,he'dfoundajobheloves,rentedaflatwithafriend.

He'snowcyclingroundtheworld,havingadventuresthatwillkeephimstrongfortherestofhislife.Sowhat

changed?”Youstarttohavethoseconversationswithyourself,andyoubecomemoreofanhonestperson.Idon't

feellikeI'mhidingfromanythinganymore,becauseI'mnothidingfrommyself.”

57.WhatcriticallessondidtheauthorlearnfromBoruaboutbeingagoodgrown-up?

A.Itinvolveshavingaclearcareerpathandfinancialstability.

B.Itrequiresconstantself-improvementandeducation.

C.Itmeansbeingemployedandlivingindependently.

D.Itislikeajourneyofself-discoveryandhonesty.

InruralSouthAfrica,16teamsofwomen,allofusover50yearsold,participatedinthisinaugural（开幕的）

event-theGranniesInternationalFootballTournament.Itwas13yearsinthemaking,builtondreamsanda

friendshipthatcrossescontinents.

Theorganizer,BekaNtsanwisi——awell-knowncommunityactivistandcancersurvivor——foundedthe

originalteamofsoccer-playinggrandmothersaged40to80,some15yearsago,toimprovetheirhealth.Atfirstthe

localslaughedatthemandtoldthemtheybelongedathomecaringfortheirgrandchildren.Butateamdoctor

recordedresultsfromtheirregularexercise:improvedmobility,loweredbloodpressureandbetterdigestion.

In2010,theinternationalspotlightlandedtheteamaninvitationtotravelandplayinatournamentin

Massachusetts——fromyourstruly.LiketheGrannies,IfoundsoccerlaterinlifeandmyLexington,Massachusetts

teammatesareamongmybestfriends.Bekarepliedtomyinvitationwithouthesitation:"Wewillcome,mysister.^^

InJuly2010,15GranniesstreamedthroughtheBostonairport.Theywowed（博得称赞）uswiththeirdancingon

thesidelinesofthefieldandtheirenthusiasmforlife.Andduringthatvisit,Bekaannounced,"BeforeIdie,Iwant

tohostaGranniesWorldCup.”

InMarch,2023,Beka's13-yearwishtohostaGranniesinternationaltournamentwasfinallyandjoyfully

met.Thetournament,heldinthetownofNkowankowa,wasintenseasFrance,Zambia,threeSouthAfricanteams,

andallthreeU.S.teamsenteredthequarterfinalsonthefourthandfinalday.Myteamwouldsettleforsecond

place,buttheU.S.Breakers,alsofromMassachusetts,heldthe3-foot-talltrophy（奖杯）intheair.Thegoalie（守

门员）presentedthetrophytoBekaandthehostGranniesteam,withoutwhomthiseventwouldneverhavetaken

place.WeknowBekaisthetruechampion.

Forme,theGranniestournamentwasanextraordinarygift,anexperienceIwillneverforget.Forallofus,

weholdontoourmemoriesofbondingwith,oursoccersisters.

1.Whatcanbeimpliedfromparagraph1?

A.Ittooklongtomakethetournamentareality.

B.Thetournamentaimstohelpgranniesmakefriends.

C.Thesewomen'steamsconsistofprofessionalfootballplayers.

D.Thetournamentcausedastirintheinternationalfootballcommunity.

2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoriginalteamfoundedbyBeka?

A.Itwas13yearsinthemaking.B.Itreceivedsupportfromthelocals.

C.Itpromotedthewellbeingofitsmembers.D.Itconsistedofmiddleagedwomenplayers.

考向3词义、句意猜测题

【考向破译】

词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括

超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能

力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。

词义推断题有时候可以同时运用构词法、语境和代入法，短语的语义高度依赖上下文内容和逻辑。

♦利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。

♦借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义，如通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断。

♦注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义；同时注意词与

词之间的搭配习惯。

（2024奉贤二模）

Wemetfordinner,perhapstwohours,andrarelyhadIfeltateasewithotherhumansasIdidwithhim.We

talkedandtalked.Aboutwhowewerethen.Whowearenow.Andwhatmadeusthejerks（混蛋）wewerethen.

Weacknowledgedthatifnotforeachother,andthecirclesofgoodpeopleweranwithbackthen,thegoodfriends

whokeptusreasonablyontrackandincheck,lifecouldhaveeasilygonesouthforeitherofus.Eachofusrecalled

thingstheotherhadnomemoryof.Fragmentsofmemories,scatteredyetprecious.Weknowweweretightthen,

andwevaluethatfriendshipandsharedexperiencestilltoday.

38.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“lifecouldhaveeasilygonesouthforeitherofus”?

A.Theycouldhaveeasilybeenoffthetrackinlife.

B.Theymighthavesettleddowninthesouthernregion.

C.Theirfriendshipcouldhaveeasilyturnedsour.

D.Theycouldhavefacedfinancialdifficulties.

TheSewingMachineProjectcoversabasicyetnecessaryneedofmanyimpoverishedpeoplearoundthe

world.Forthem,sewingcanbeatoolforsurvival.Whetherinafactoryorathome,asewingmachinecanbethe

doortobrighterfinancialopportunities.Asewingmachinecanalsoenablemanytopreservetheirculturalidentity.

AfterHurricaneKatrinaoccurredin2005,acommunityofNewOrleansthatwearsskillfully-madesuitsfortheir

owntraditionalfestivallostmanyoftheirsewingmachines.Sincethen,thenon-profitorganizationhasdistributed

hundredsofmachinesamongthecreatorsofthecostumes,helpingthemmaintaintheirtraditionaswellastheir

income.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imuoveaished''inparagraph4mean?

A.uneducated.B.badly-off.C.exhausted.D.pessimistic.

Thefirstandonlyfungus(真菌)onaglobalconservationgroup's'"25MostWantedList”,thebigpuma

fungus,whichisactuallyquitesmall,hasbeenfoundintherainymountainsofChile,almost40yearsafteritwas

firstdocumented.

ThemysteriousspeciesoffungithatlivesundergroundinChile'sNahuelbutaMountainshadonlyeverbeen

foundinthewildonce.AnexpeditionteamfromtheFungiFoundationinChilesetoutforthetemperateforestsof

theNahuelbutasinMay2023toretracethefootstepsofChileanmycologist(真菌学家)NorbertoGarrido,who

discoveredthebigpumafungusanddescribedittoWesternsciencein1988.

TheytimedtheexpeditiontocoincidewiththeexactdatesinMaythatGarridohadhikedthemountains

morethan40yearsearlier.66Ifspossiblethatthereproductivepartsofthebigpumafungus-themushroom一are

onlyfadinglyvisibleabovethesoilonthesamefewdayseachyear,whichmadethetimingofthemissionacrucial

factor,saidClaudiaBustamante,amycologistandmemberoftheexpeditionteam.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"'coincidewith“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Putoff.B.Correspondto.C.Workout.D.Dealwith.

考向4主旨大意或写作意图推断题

【考向破译】

写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意，找到作者的写作意图。题干中常

有purpose,inordert。等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者

(toentertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(toadvertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点

(toargue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识(toinform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题

(title,headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(mainidea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。

做写作意图题有两种方法：一是主旨推断法：根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图。二是文体

推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。

（2024宝山二模）

AfterMelk,theboatspassthroughwinecountrytoVienna.Calledthe“CityofWaltzes”,Viennahasa

magnificentoperahouseandanimperialpalace.AsidetripfromViennatakesvisitorsintotheAustrianAlps.The

tourbustripoffersmarvelousviewsofthesurroundingcountryside.

57.WhatdoesVienna'snicknameimplyaboutthecity?

A.Itslocationmadeitanimportantpoliticalcenter.

B.Huntingwasapopularactivitythereyearsago.

C.Ithasattractedalotofpeoplewhoenjoyskating.

D.Dancinghasbeenanimportantpartofitsculture.

For44years,rainorshine,EmilyThompsonwokeup,putonheruniformandwenttoworkasazookeeper

atWildwoodZoo.'Tmluckytohaveworkedinaplacethathasgivenmesomuchpleasure,9,saysthe65-year-old

Emilyenthusiastically.uThezooislikeaminiaturereflectionoflife.Therearebirths,deathsandmarriages,along

withamixofamazing,happy,andsadevents.Butyoudealwithwhat*sinfrontofyouandmoveonbecauseother

animalsarerelyingonyou.^^

Emily*sambitiontobecomeazookeeperstartedasateenager.Shewasinspiredbythewell-known

conservationistandTVpresenterEthanMarlowe*sanimalbooks.Shestillremembersherfirst-everjobinterview

withBenjaminAdams,thethenzoocurator（馆长），whokindlytoldhertogetsomemorelifeexperiencefirst.Two

yearslater,afterworkingasaKaritanenurseandcompletingananimalsciencecourse,shewasdelightedwhen

Benjamingotintouchtoofferherazookeeperjobin1979.

Throughoutherworkingjourney,oneofthemostmemorableresponsibilitiesforEmilywascaringfor

chimpanzeeJanie,withwhomshesharedadeepbond.Anotherhighlightwasbeingpartof12seasonsonthe

populartelevisionseriesTheZoo,whichfollowedkeepersandanimalsbehindthescenesduringtheirday-to-day

life.64IrememberwhenIwasfirstrecognizedatthesupermarketafterworkinmyuniform,9,sherecalls,hadno

ideawhotheywere,butthenIrealizedtheyhadseenmefromtheshow.Itwasbrilliantpublicityforthezoo.^^

FilmingalsotookEmilytoSumatrain2010,wheresheexperiencedWildwoodZoo-supportedconservationefforts

withanimalsinthewild.

DespiteEmily'sloveforthejob,herbodyslowingdownconvincedheritwastimetoretire.Nowwithmore

timeonherhands,sheisconsideringsharingherknowledgeasalecturer.Whateverthefutureholds,onethingis

forsure.Emilydefinitelyhasn'tsaidgoodbyetoherbelovedWildwoodZooforgood.

60.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BondingwithChimpanzee:AZookeeper'sRole

B.FromBeginnertoExpert:AZookeeper'sGrowth

C.BehindtheScenes:AZookeeper'sLifeonTelevision

D.DecadesofJoyandDevotion:AZookeepefsJourney

Thesustainablevillageofthefuture,ifMartinaWaldemarandJoaoAlmeidahaveanysayaboutit,willhave

solarpanels,earthenbuildings,andaformofregenerativeagriculturethatcopiesnaturetoproduceclimate-friendly

food.ThefieldhandswhoworktherewillearnwageswellabovewhafsstandardforthisruralareaofPortugal.

Therewillbecoworkingspacewithfastinternet."'Thelifecanbeeasy,"Mr.Almeidasaysofhisfamily'sproject,

whichtheycallGandumVillage.

BuyinglocalisonegoalofanewprojectcalledRuralRevive,aprivateconservationeffortwheretourists

stayinfashionable,low-impactrooms-andtheprojectisdevelopingintoaservicecenterforadeserteconomy.

ButthepurposeofRuralReviveisnotjusteconomic.Atthesametime,ittrainslocalssuchasElricoBekeurin

horticulture（园艺）andenterprise.

ReinholdMangundubeganRuralRevivewhenherememberssittingbyabonfire,listeningtohisfathertell

himabouttheforestandbirdsofhisbirthplaceinhiscountry.Thosevillagefireslitadesireinhimtorestoreand

regeneratetheearthandwildlifethathecouldonlyimagine.力believeit'stimewestartbuildingbeautifulstories

aboutthefutureandusethosestoriesofthefuturetoaddressourcurrentproblems,hesays.

21.WhatdoesParagraph1focuson?

A.Alljobswillbecarriedoutremotely.B.Asustainablelifecanbeenjoyable.

C.Climateisfriendlytoagriculture.D.Eco-friendlyvillagesneedhigh-paidfarmers.

思维建模把握文章结构；理解故事脉络

♦命题类型

❖细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体事实和细节的理解能力。

❖词义猜测题：要求学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。

主旨大意题：考查学生对文章中心思想或主要观点的把握。

❖推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力。

作者意图题：考查学生对作者写作目的和态度的理解。

♦解题思路

❖顺藤摸瓜：按照文章脉络和故事发展顺序，一题一题地解答细节题，不漏掉任何细节。

❖左顾右盼：在做题过程中，如果找不到与题干一字不差的词语或句子，需要通过上下文语境进行同

义替换，找到正确答案。

❖把握文章结构：记叙文一般可以分为事实记叙和想象记叙，注意文章的基本结构，如5W要素(what,

who,when,where,why),这有助于理解文章和回答问题。

理解故事脉络：弄明白整件事情的发展脉络，这对于解答细节题和推理判断题至关重要。

把握寓意：对于哲理故事或逸闻趣事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义或风趣性，这有助于解答主旨

大意题和作者意图题。

♦考点二、考查阅读理解应用文♦

知识点1直接信息题—先题后文法

应用文体文章比较长，此时我们不必记住所有信息，可以先阅读题目，带着问题阅读，多注意细节，如时

间、地点、人物或数据等，简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。尤其是广告文章的阅读一般采取跳

读、略读等快速阅读法，快速浏览信息，搜索对比。对文中信息的快速处理能力是考查阅读理解能力的重

要方面。

（2025・上海静安•二模）

AndJuneau'snaturalcharm,withitsvariousscenicspots,isJuneau'sbiggestdrawingforceinvisitors9eyes.

TheremarkableMendenhallGlacier-rockyenoughtofascinatehikers——isjustoneofJuneau'smanynatural

attractions.DuringtheMendenhallGlacierhike,you9repersonallyexperiencingwildwatersandsharpforested

slopes.Forhardcorehikers,itspullishardtoresist.

1.WhichofthefollowingitemisJuneau'smajorsellingpointtovisitors?

A.Culturalbackground.B.Developmenthistory.

C.Naturalattraction.D.Climateadvantage.

知识点2间接信息题一题干定位法

应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在试题中，常常是就某

一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信

息。做此类题时，宜采用”题干定位法"，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对

性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。

问题与材料相同一对号入座；问题与原文相同一同义替换、归纳事实等。

（2025•上海奉贤•二模）

Abrain-computerinterface（BCI）functionsthroughaseriesofinterconnectedsteps.Initially,aspecialized

devicecapturesthebrain?selectricalactivity,providingrawdatathatreflectstheuser'sintentions.Thisdataisthen

senttoacomputer,whichprocessesandanalyzesthesignalstodecodetheuser'sdesiredactions.Finally,the

interpretedinformationcontrolsanexternalapplicationordevice,allowingtheusertointeractsmoothly.This

integrationofmeasurement,analysis,andcontrolformsthebackboneofBCItechnology.

2.WhatroledoesthecomputerplayinaBCIsystem?

A.Measuringbrainactivitythroughsensors.

B.Providingphysicalfeedbacktotheuser.

C・Processingbrainsignalstoidentifyintent

D.Replacingtheuser'sdecision-makingprocess.

知识点3推理判断题——选项排除法

排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。应用文

阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意

细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形（如同义改写、词性转换等），因此要找到答案一定要找到题干

在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的

效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能

是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。

（2025•上海崇明•二模）

Travellingbyrailholdsaromanticandold-fashionedappealthatcan'tbematchedbyflyingordriving.Bytaking

theslowroute,yougettoexperienceandinteractwithanareainacompletelyd