第06讲 一般过去时（解析版）【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级人教版（2024）英语

第06讲一般过去时（解析版）【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级人教版（2024）英语一般过去时语法解析1.核心结构与用法句型结构公式例句标志词肯定句主语+动词过去式Sheplayedthepianoyesterday.Theywerelateforschool.yesterday（昨天）lastweek/month（上周/月）ago（以前）in2023（在2023年）justnow（刚才）否定句主语+didn’t+动词原形Hedidn’twatchTVlastnight.Weweren’tathomeyesterday.一般疑问句Did+主语+动词原形？Were/Was+主语+表语？Didyougotothepark?Wasshehappyyesterday?特殊疑问句疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？疑问词+were/was+主语？Whatdidtheydolastweekend?Wherewasheborn?2.规则动词过去式变化规则结尾字母变化规则例词易错错误一般情况加-edplay→playedwork→worked不可漏加-ed（如look→look错误）以不发音e结尾加-ddance→dancedlive→lived去e加-d（如hope→hoped）辅音+y结尾变y为i加-edstudy→studiedcarry→carried元音+y直接加-ed（如enjoy→enjoyed）重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加-edstop→stoppedshop→shopped非重读闭音节不双写（如visit→visited）不规则动词特殊变化go→wenteat→atebe→was/were不可按规则变化（如think→thinked错误）【典例分析】考点1：一般过去时结构辨析（基础）1.—______you______tothemuseumyesterday?—Yes,Idid.A.Do;goB.Did;goC.Did;wentD.Do;went【答案】B【解析】根据标志词yesterday用一般过去时，一般疑问句需用助动词Did，后接动词原形go，故选B。2.She______not______herhomeworklastnight.A.did;doB.did;didC.does;doD.does;did【答案】A【解析】否定句结构为didn’t+动词原形，lastnight表过去，主语第三人称单数仍用didn’t，故选A。3.—Where______he______from?—HewasfromChina.A.is;comeB.does;comeC.did;comeD.was;come【答案】C【解析】询问过去的来源，实义动词come需用助动词Did，构成Did+主语+comefrom，故选C。考点2：动词过去式变化规则（进阶）1.They______totheparkand______apicniclastSunday.A.go;haveB.went;hadC.go;hadD.went;have【答案】B【解析】lastSunday表过去，go的过去式为went，have的过去式为had，并列结构需保持时态一致，故选B。2.Theboy______hishomeworkcarefullyyesterday.A.studyB.studiesC.studiedD.studyed【答案】C【解析】study以辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-ed，正确过去式为studied，而非studyed，故选C。3.We______atthehotellastnightbecauseitrainedheavily.A.stopedB.stoppedC.stopD.stopping【答案】B【解析】stop为重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母p，需双写p加-ed，正确形式为stopped，故选B。学习总结核心语法点速记1.结构公式：肯定句：主语+动词过去式（规则动词加-ed/不规则动词特殊形式）。否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形（无论主语人称，动词均用原形）。疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形？（be动词过去式was/were直接提前）。2.动词过去式规则：规则动词：一般加-ed，e结尾加-d，辅音+y变i+ed，重读闭音节双写加-ed。不规则动词：需单独记忆（如do→did，see→saw，am/is→was，are→were）。标志词：yesterday,lastweek,...ago,in2022等表示过去的时间短语。易错点警示be动词误用：注意主语与be动词过去式的搭配（I/He/She/It→was，We/You/They→were）。不规则动词混淆：避免将不规则动词按规则变化（如✘drink→drinked✔️drink→drank）。助动词多余：否定句和疑问句中已有did，动词需用原形（如✘Hedidn’twent✔️Hedidn’tgo）。过关检测（一）单项选择1.—______wasyourweekend?—Itwasgreat!A.WhatB.HowC.WhereD.When【答案】B【解析】对周末的感受提问用How，构成Howwas+主语，故选B。2.They______tothezoobybusyesterday.A.goB.goesC.wentD.going【答案】C【解析】yesterday为过去时间，go的过去式为went，故选C。3.—Didyou______anyphotosinthepark?—Yes,Idid.A.takeB.takesC.tookD.taking【答案】A【解析】一般疑问句中助动词Did后接动词原形take，故选A。4.She______herroomjustnow.A.cleanB.cleansC.cleanedD.cleaning【答案】C【解析】justnow表过去，clean为规则动词，直接加-ed，故选C。5.We______notathomelastnight.Wewereatthecinema.A.areB.wereC.isD.was【答案】B【解析】主语We对应be动词过去式were，否定式为weren’t，故选B。6.He______alettertohisfriendlastmonth.A.writeB.writesC.wroteD.writing【答案】C【解析】lastmonth表过去，write的过去式为不规则变化wrote，故选C。7.—______she______toschoolbybikeyesterday?—No,shetookthebus.A.Does;goB.Did;goC.Did;goesD.Do;go【答案】B【解析】yesterday表过去，一般疑问句用Did+主语+动词原形go，故选B。8.They______awonderfultimeatthepartylastnight.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having【答案】C【解析】lastnight表过去，have的过去式为had，故选C。9.—Where______youborn?—IwasborninShanghai.A.areB.wereC.isD.was【答案】B【解析】出生是过去的动作，主语you对应be动词过去式were，故选B。10.He______hisbikeandhurthislegyesterday.A.fallB.fallsC.fellD.falling【答案】C【解析】yesterday表过去，fall的过去式为不规则变化fell，故选C。（二）句型转换1.Heplayedbasketballyesterday.（改为否定句）→He____________basketballyesterday.【答案】didn’tplay【解析】在实义动词played前加didn’t，动词还原为原形play。2.Theywerelateforthemeeting.（改为一般疑问句）→____________lateforthemeeting?【答案】Werethey【解析】将be动词were提前至句首，首字母大写，构成一般疑问句。3.Shevisitedhergrandparentslastweek.（对划线部分提问）→____________she______lastweek?【答案】Whatdid;do【解析】对动作visited提问用Whatdid，后接动词原形do。4.Iwasbornin2010.（改为否定句）→I____________bornin2010.【答案】wasnot【解析】在was后加not，可缩写为wasn’t，否定be动词短语。5.Didtheygotothebeach?（作肯定回答）→Yes,____________.【答案】theydid【解析】肯定回答用Yes+主语+did，主语they与问句一致。6.Hedidhishomeworkathome.（改为一般疑问句）→______he______hishomeworkathome?【答案】Did;do【解析】将助动词Did提前，动词还原为原形do。7.Theweatherwassunnyyesterday.（对划线部分提问）→____________theweatheryesterday?【答案】Howwas【解析】对天气状况提问用Howwas，构成Howwas+主语。8.Theyboughtsomebookslastweekend.（改为否定句）→They____________anybookslastweekend.【答案】didn’tbuy【解析】在bought前加didn’t，动词还原为原形buy，some改为any。9.Wasshehappyattheparty?（作否定回答）→No,____________.【答案】shewasn’t【解析】否定回答用No+主语+wasn’t，主语she与问句一致。10.Hewenttobedat10:00p.m.（对划线部分提问）→__________________he______tobed?【答案】Whattimedid;go【解析】对具体时间提问用Whattimedid，后接动词原形go。（三）改错题1.Tomdidn’twenttoschoolyesterday.（改：______）【答案】go【解析】didn’t后需接动词原形go，过去式went应改为原形。2.Sheeatedanappleforbreakfast.（改：______）【答案】ate【解析】eat的过去式为不规则变化ate，非规则变化eated错误。3.Wereyouseethemovielastnight?（改：______）【答案】Did【解析】实义动词see的过去式疑问句需用助动词Did，而非Be动词Were。4.Westopedatasmalltownontheway.（改：______）【答案】stopped【解析】stop为重读闭音节，应双写p加-ed，stoped拼写错误。5.Hewasn’tdohishomeworkyesterday.（改：______）【答案】didn’t【解析】否定实义动词do需用didn’t+原形，wasn’t后不能接动词原形。（四）完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。LastSaturday,I____1____upearlyandwenttotheparkwithmyfriends.Theweather____2____sunnyandwarm.We____3____gamesandflewkitesthere.Atnoon,we____4____apicnicnearthelake.We____5____sandwiches,fruit,andjuice.Intheafternoon,we____6____tothemuseum.Wesawmanyinterestingthingsthere.Itwasagreatday!1.A.getB.getsC.gotD.getting【答案】C【解析】LastSaturday表过去，get的过去式为got，故选C。2.A.isB.wasC.areD.were【答案】B【解析】weather为不可数名词，对应be动词过去式was，故选B。3.A.playB.playsC.playedD.playing【答案】C【解析】and连接并列过去式，play的过去式为played，故选C。4.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having【答案】C【解析】have的过去式为had，构成hadapicnic，故选C。5.A.eatB.eatsC.ateD.eating【答案】C【解析】eat的过去式为ate，与上下文时态一致，故选C。6.A.goB.goesC.goneD.went【答案】D【解析】go的过去式为went，构成wenttothemuseum，故选D。（五）阅读理解Passage1阅读短文，选择最佳答案：Hello,I’mLily.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Igotupearlyandfoundabiggiftboxonmydesk.Itwasfrommyparents.Insidetheboxwasanewbike!Afterbreakfast,myfriendscametomyhouse.Wesangsongs,playedgames,andateadeliciouscake.Intheafternoon,werodebikesinthepark.Ihadawonderfulbirthday!1.WhenwasLily’sbirthday?A.Today.B.Lastweek.C.Yesterday.D.Tomorrow.【答案】C【解析】根据“Yesterdaywasmybirthday.”直接得出答案为C。2.WhatdidLilyfindonherdesk?A.Abook.B.Abike.C.Agiftbox.D.Acake.【答案】C【解析】由“foundabiggiftboxonmydesk”可知，Lily在桌上发现的是礼物盒，故选C。3.Whatdidtheydointheafternoon?A.Sangsongs.B.Playedgames.C.Atecake.D.Rodebikes.【答案】D【解析】根据“werodebikesin