2021-2025年福建中考英语试题分类汇编：说明文阅读

福建初中英语5年（2L25）真题分类汇编一一说明文

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（2025•福建•中考真题）

coralreefs（珊瑚碓）

DeepunderthePacificOceanliecoralreefscoloredbysomealgaethatlivewithcorals.Coralsusually

providenitrogen（氮）toalgae,andinreturntheygetcarbon（碳］whichgivesthemenergy.

Intheearly1980s,ahugeheatwaveturnedmorethan90percentofthesecoralsapale,lifelesswhite.Andit

wasbelieved（hatabout50percentofreefswithbeautifulcoralsmightdisappearby2030.Healwaveswannedup

thesamePacificwatersinthelate1990sandagainin2015—2016,butscientistsnoticedthattheseheatwaves

didn'tinfluencethereefsasbadlyasihefirsl.Maybecoralshavefoundawaytoadapt（适应）.

Swimmingtocoolerwatersisnotagoodchoiceforcorals,foritmakesthemeasilyhurtbythechanging

climate.Butcoralsarcabletoadapt.Someturntothosealgaethatcandealwellwithheat.Otherscanuserowsof

tinyhairsontheirbodiesto4tfan''awaytoomuchharmfuloxygen（O2）letoutbystressed-outalgae.Certainbaby

coralschangetheirownmetabolisms（新陈代谢）inordertofightthewarmingwaters.Butalltheseadaptationscan

protectthemselvesonlytosomedegree.

Afterstudyingandunderstandingtheseadaptations,scientistsaretryingtofindwaystohelpcoralsfight.If

researcherscanmakecoralsacceptalgae（haicandealwithheatpressureoriftheyenergizegenes（基因）（haican

dualwilhhealpressure,itwillraise.heuurals,clianccoflivinglliruu^hfulLircoceanhealwaves.

“When1godowntotheseaandseeabeautifulhealthyreefwiththesecolorfulcorals,Ifeelthispleasureof

beinginthisunderwaterworld/*aiainousbiologistsays."Itwillbereallysadtoseeitdead.Butthatdoesdrive

youtowanttouseyourskillsandyourlovetohelpfight.”

1.Whatcanwcknowfromparagraph1?

A.Coralsmakealgaemorecolorful.B.Algaeprovideroomforcoralstolivein.

C.Coralsandalgaedependoneachother.1）.Algaeproducenitrogentoinfluencecorals.

2.Whatdocstheunderlinedpart"thefirsf'inparagraph2referto?

A.Theheatwaveintheearly1980s.B.Theheatwaveinthelate1990s.

C.ThePacificwatersin2015—2016.D.Thereefs5disappearanceby2030.

3.Whatdifficultydocoralsface?

A.Theycannotcompletelyadapttoheatwaves.

B.Theycannotchangetheirownmetabolisms.

C.Theyhavenoabilitytoswimtocoolerwaters.

D.Theyhavenoabilitytodriveawayharmfuloxygen.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.It'snecessarytolivewithcorals.B.Theoceanhasbecomeunhealthy.

C.Weshouldtryourbesttosavecorals.D.Makingastudyoftheoceanisamust.

5.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.CoralsDieOutB.CoralsFightBack

C.CoralsBreakDownD.CoralsConicintoBeing

【答案】I.C2.A3.A4.C5.B

【导语】本文主要介绍了珊瑚礁在面对热浪时的适应方式以及科学家如何帮助珊瑚礁生存。

1.推理判断题“根据“Coralsusuallyprovidenitrogen(氮)toalgae,andinreturntheygetcarbon(5^),whichgives

themenergy.”可知珊瑚通常为藻类提供氮，作为回报，它们获得碳，这为它们提供了能量，可见珊瑚和藻类

相互依赖。故选C。

2.词义猜测题。根据"Intheearly1980s,ahugeheatwaveturnedmorethan90percentofthesecoralsapale,

lifelesswhite”以及“butscientistsnoticedthattheseheatwavesdidn'tinfluencethereefsasbadlyasthefirst.“可知

这些热浪对珊瑚礁的影响并不像第一次那么严重，故此处“ihefirsl”指代的是1980年代初的热浪。故选A。

3.推理判断题。根据"Buialltheseadaptationscanpiutectthemselvesonlytosomedegree.”可知所有这些适应

只能在一定程度上保护自己，可见珊瑚不能完全适应热浪。故选A。

4.推理判断题。根据"Itwillbereallysadtoseeitdead.Butthatdoesdriveyoutowanttouseyourskillsandyour

lovetohelpfight”可知看到珊瑚死一很伤心，这让我们想要帮助它们，即我们应该尽最大努力拯救珊瑚。故

选C。

5.最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了珊瑚礁在面对热浪时的适应方式以及科学家如何帮助珊瑚礁生存，以选项

册瑚反击”为标题最合适。故选B。

（2024•福建•中考真题）Thoughoceanscoverabout71percentoftheearth'ssurface,there'sstillalotwe

don'tknowaboutthem.Onlyabout20percentoftheseafloorhasbeenmapped,andtheremaining80percentis

stillasecrettous.Somescientistseventhinkthat91percentofseaanimalshaveyettobediscovered.

Sowhydoweknowsolittleaboutthedeepsea?Well,gettingtothosedepthsisverydifficultandrequires

hightechnologythatsimplydidn'tcomeintobeingfbrmostofhumanhistory.Thefirstnavigablesubmarine（口J驾

驶的潜水艇），fbrexample,wasbuiltin1620,anditcouldn'tgomorethanfivemetersbelowthesurface.Infact,

fbralongtimemanyscientistsdidn'teventhinkthattherecouldbeanylifeatdepthsgreaterthan550metersand

didn'tseemuchneedtoexplore（探索）thedeepsea.However,thischangedin1862whenlifewasdiscoveredas

fardownas945metersbelowsealevelwiththehelpofadiggingmachine.Tenyearslater,around4,700species

（物种）unknownbeforefromtheoceanfloorwerediscovered.

Sincethen,hightechnologyhasbeendevelopedtohelpexplorethedeepsea,includingsatellites.Butwhyis

deep-seaexplorationstillsodifficult?Well,atgreaterdepthsitisfreezing（极7令的）.everythingiscompletelydark,

andthepressurecanbeoverI,OCX）timesgreater（hanthatonthesurface.

Thoughwehavethedifficulties,it'simportantthatweunderstandtheseas.Theyhelpcontroltheearth's

temperatureandproducehalfoftheoxygen（O2）intheair.Theycanalsoprovideuswithinformationaboutclimate

change.Ourfuturedependsonlearningmoreaboutouroceans,anditispossibleforustoreallyunderstandwhatis

ongoingbelowthesurface.

1.WhyaresomenumberslistedinParagraph1?

A.Tointroducehowimportantoceansare.

B.Todiscusswhyseaanimalshaveyettobefoundout.

C.Toexplainthatoceanscoveralargeareaoftheearth.

D.Toshowthatwehaveonlyalittleunderstandingofoceans.

2.Whalcausedthechangeofexplorationinto（hedeepsea?

A.Hightculmulugy.B.Unkiiuwiispec记s.

C.Apleasantenvironment.D.Valuableinformation.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Seaanimals.B.Theseas.C.Thesatellites.D.Manyscientists.

4.Whatcanwclearnfromthetext?

A.1（isdifficulttobuildanavigablesubmarine.B.Theseashaveastronginfluenceonourfuture.

C.Theseashavenolivesaladepthot55。meters.1）.1（iseasier（ogointothedeep

Theresultshadabouta50%accuracyrate（准确率），althoughtheAIfoundithardtoworkoutthemeaning

ofpronouns,suchasheorshe.herorhim.Forexample,itturned"Idon'thavemydriver'slicenseyet"into"She

hasnotevenstartedtolearntodriveyet."Itcouldusuallyunderstandthemeaningofwhatsomeonewasthinking

ratherthantheexactwords.TheAIwaspersonalized,sowhenithadlearntfromonepersonbutitwastestedon

another,itcouldn'tunderstandtheirthoughts.

Thescientists»whohavebeenworkingonthetechnologytor15years,saytheyunderstandtherisksofit

beingusedbadly.ScientistJerryTangtoldanewspaper,4iWewanttomakesurepeopleonlyusethesetypesof

technologieswhentheywantto,andthatithelpsthem."Thescientistshopeitwillhelppeoplewithcertainmedical

conditions,whoarestillawakebuthavelosttheabilitytospeak,tocommunicateonceagain.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph1referto（指代）?

A.Away.B.Anything.C.Thebrain.D.AI.

2.Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph2?

A.Todescribetheprocessoftheexperiment.B.lbexplaintheresultsoftheexperiment.

C.Tooffersomeopinionsabouttheexperiment.D.Tolistthedifficultieswiththeexperiment.

3.Whatdoestheexampleinparagraph3show?

A.TheAIismuchclevererthanpeople.

B.TheAIdidn'tstarttheworkasitwasordered.

C.TheAIcouldn'tunderstandtheexactwordsofwhatpeoplethought.

D.TheAIwillbewelldevelopedaccordingtopeople'sspecialneeds.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.ItisnotdifficulttotakeAIundercontrol.

B.AIwillnotbeusedinaproperwayinthefuture.

C.AIissowise（haiitcantreatpeoplewithmedicalproblems.

D.Il'sexpectedthatAIwillhelpthosespeechlessexchangeideas.

5.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HighRisksofUsingAI.B.Mind-ReadingDevelopment.

C.ImportanceofHumanBrain.D.WaysofImprovingTechnology.

【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.D5.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家开发出一种诚心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。

1.代词指代题。分析“Theyusedartificialintelligence（AI）（人工智能）.Itisthenamegiventoacomputersystem

thatisableto'think'fbritselfandcarryouttasksthatusuallyrequirehumanintelligence.”可知，他们使用了人工

智能，它是一种计算机系统的名称，它能够自己“思考”，并执行通常需要人类智能才能完成的任务。此处

It指的是AL故选D。

2.段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍这种特殊的扫描仪的实验过程，故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据"Forexample,itturnedidon'thavemydriver'slicenseyet'into4Shehasnotevenstartedto

learntodriveyet.*Itcouldusuallyunderstandthemeaningofwhatsomeonewasthinkingratherthantheexact

words”可知，例如，它把“我还没有驾照”变成了“她甚至还没有开始学开车。”它通常能理解人们在想什么，

而不是确切的话语。故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据"Scientistshavedevelopedawaytoreadminds,translatingunspokenthoughtsintowritten

words."*口“Thescientistshopeitwillhelppeoplewithcertainmedicalconditions,whoarestillawakebuthavelost

theabilitytospeak,tocommunicateonceagain.“可知，可以将将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字,科学家们希

望它能帮助那些患有某些疾病的人，那些仍然清醒但失去了说话能力的人，再次与人交流。由此可知，预

计人工智能将帮助那些失去语言能力的人交流思想。故选D。

5.最佳标题题。木文主要介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。选项B“读

心术的发展''符合主题，故选B。

（2022•福建•中考真题）Successisoftenconsideredtobetheoppositeoffailure.Toteenagers,itisthe

achievementofagoalorcompletionofsomethingtheyreallyneed,suchasgoodgradesandtheabilitytogetalong

wellwiththeirclassmates.Someschoolsusedtoagreewithmostparentswhomeasured（半U定）thesuccessoftheir

childrenaccordingtogrades,butnowtheypayspecialattentiontomoral（道德的）educationand

character-buildingtomakesureteenagersachievesuccessinbuildinghumanrelationships.

Schoolsgivechancestostudentstodiscovertheirhiddenabilitysothattheycanenjoysomeformofsuccess.

Forexample,thosegoodatspeakingskillsareadvisedtotakepartinspeechcompetitionswhilethoseinterestedin

ailsarcexpectedluperfunninfromofllicirclassinalcs.Teenagersalsogelthepleasureufsuccesswhentheyjoin

theirfavoriteclubs.

Teenagersareoftentoldthatsuccessisnoteasytoachieveandthatsuccessliesinhardwork.Greatefforts

havetobeputintoprojectwork.Doingthingsmuchlater（hanplannedshouldbeavoidedasthiswillleadtoa

mountainofworkwhichfinallymakesthemnervous.Anothergoodquality（品质）isasenseofresponsibility

whichmakesthemrememberthatataskhastobecompleted.

Stickingtomoralvaluesisthekeytosuccesstoo.Honestteenagerswillwinthetrustoffriendsleadingto

gocdrelationships.Self-motivation［自我激励）isanotherqualitytobedeveloped,forseif-motivatedteenagerswill

havethestrongwillanddrivetoperformataskandfinallygettoenjoyasenseofachievement.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph1referto（指代）?

A.Theirclassmates.B.Someschools.

C.Mostparents.D.Theirchildren.

2.Whyarestudentsgivenchancestotakepartinactivities?

A.lbgetgoodgrades.B.Toimprovespeakingability.

C.Toexpresstheirloveforarts.D.lbgetthepleasureofsuccess.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?

A.Projectworkmakesteenagersnervous.

B.Goodqualitieswillleadtoahappylife.

C.Teenagersareadvisedtocompletetasksintime.

D.Takingresponsibilitywillmakeworkmucheasier.

4.Whatisimportantformakingstudentsstrongminded?

A.Honesty.B.Self-motivation.C.Communication.D.Friends'trust.

5.Whatcanbethebesttitlefor（hetext?

A.TheValueofMoralEducationB.TheKeytoDiscoveringHiddenAbility

C.TheMeaningofSuccesstoTeenagersD.TheWaytoCommunicatewithOthers

【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.B5.C

【导语】本文主要介绍了现今老师和学校更加关注道德教育和性格塑造，以确保青少年在建立人际关系方

面取得成功，同时介绍了帮助孩子们获得成功的关键是什么。

I.词义猜测题。根据"Someschoolsusedtoagreewithmostparentswhomeasured（判定）ihesuccessoftheir

cliildienaccoidingtogiades,butnow（heypayspecialatteiitioiitomoial（道德的）educationand

character-building”可知，一些学校过去同意大多数家长用成绩来衡量孩子的成功，但现在他们特别重视道德

教育和性格塑造，所以they指代前文提到的someschools,故选B«

2.细节理解题。根据"Teenagersalsogetthepleasureofsuccesswhentheyjointheirfavoriteclubs”可知，参加

活动是为了获得成功的乐趣，故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据“Anothergoodquality（品质）isasenseofresponsibilitywhichmakesthemrememberthata

laskhastobecompleted”可知，如果孩子们有责任感，这会让他们记得要按时完成任务，故选C。

4.细节理解题。根据“SclRmotivaiion（自我激励）isanotherqualitytobedeveloped,forseif-motivatedteenagers

wil'havethestrongwillanddrivetoperformataskandfinallygettoenjoyasenseofachievement”可知，自我激

励的青少年会有坚强的意志，故选B。

5.最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文围绕“success成功”这一个词展开描述，介绍了成功对于孩子们的意义，

以及成功的关键，所以C选项“成功对青少年的意义”符合本文标题，故选C。

（2021•福建•中考真题）Ifyouhavetodescribeyourselftosomeoneelse,whatwillyousay?Itcanbe

difficulttoseeyourselffromtheoutside,butknowingwhoyouare,namelyself-awareness,canhelpyou

understandfeelingsandmakefriendshipscloser.

Self-awarenessmeanshavingagoodunderstandingofourowncharacter,thatis,havingtheabilitytosee

ourselvesclearly.Ifyou'reself-aware,youmayknowthatyouloveplayinganinstnimentbecauseyoudowellinit,

andmusicmakesyouhappy,orthatyoupreferwatchingTVonyourownbecauseithelpsyourelax.

Knowingwhatyoulikeanddislike,whatyoudowellinandwhatyoufinddifficultallowsyoutomake

betterdecisionsaboutfriendships,schoolworkandsoon.Youlearntotrustyourownfeelingsmore,whichbuilds

confidence（信心）.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysself-awarenessisoneoftenimportantlifeskillsthathelp

youngpeoplelivehappier,healthierlives.Beingself-awaredoesn'tmeanonlythinkingofyourself.By

understandingyourownfeelings,ycuwillbetterunderstandotherpeopletoo.

Howdoyoulearntobeself-aware?It,sagoodwaytoaskquestions.Butaskyourselfquestionsthatstart

with“What"insteadof"Why”.Soifyoudon'tunderstandwhyyoukeeparguingwithafriend,askyourselfwhat

youdisagreeoninsteadofwhyyou'rearguing.

Learningtobemoreself-awareisaskill,whichmeansyoulearnitasyougrow.Sobeboldandtryoutnew

things,likeplayinganewsportorlisteningtodifierentkindsofmusic.Don'tbeafraidtodislike

something-discoveringwhatyoufinddifficultisakeypartoflearningmoreaboutyourself.

I.Whatis（hesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Wlialself-awaienessisB.Wliatliuchappinessis

C.HowtofindtruehappinessD.Howtodevelopself-awareness.

2.Knowingyourselfisimportantbecause.

A.it'llmakeyouthinkmoreofyourself

B.it'llmakeyouperformbetteratschool

C.it'llhelpyoulearnhowtoaskproperquestions

D.ifllhelpyouhaveabetterunderstandingofothers

3.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“bold”inthelastparagraphprobablymeaninChinese?

A.努力的B.自豪的C.大胆的D.耐心的

4.What'soneofthekeystobecomingmoreself-aware?

A.Beinginhighspirits.B.Discoveringyourweakpoints.

C.Havingatastefbrpleasantmusic.D.Learningtogetalongwellwithothers.

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

A.Itcanbehardfbryoutoknowyourselfwellfromothers.

B.Ittakesalotoftimeandenergytodevelopclosefriendships.

C.Itisimportantandnecessaryforyoutomakearightdecision.

D.Itisamusttosticktoyouropinionswhenarguingwithothers.

【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B5.A

【分析】本文介绍了自我意识是什么，它的重要性以及如何学会自我意识。

1.主旨大意题。根据“Self-awarenessmeanshavingagoodunderstandingofourowncharacter”可知，第二段主

要介绍了什么是自我意识，故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据“Byunderstandingyourownfeelings,youwi.lbetterunderstandotherpeople:oo”可知，因

为这会帮助你更好地理解别人，故选D。

3.词义猜测题"根据“tryoutnewthings”可知，这句话是建议人们要大胆尝试新事物，所以bold表示“大胆

的”，故选C。

4.细节理解题。根据"Don'tbeafraidtodislikesomething―discoveringwhatyoufinddifficultisakeypartof

learningmoreaboutyourscl『可知，变得更有自我意识的关键是发现自己的弱点，故选B。

5.推理判断题。根据Ttcanbedifficulttoseeyourselffromtheoutside”可知，你很难从别人那里很好地了解

自己，A表述正确，故选A。

0000

（2025•福建福州•三模）

Ancientartdoesn'thavetobeboring.Technologyinthe21stcenturycanhelptobringittolifeby

combining（融合）（hebestottheoldandthenew.

AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival

WalkingintotheChinaPavilion（展馆）atExpoinShanghai,peoplewereamazedbyseeingahugedigital

（数码的）painting.Scientistsdigitised（数码化）thefamouspaintingAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival

byChineseartistZhangZcduan.

Theoriginal（原先的）paintingshowslifeduringtheNorthernSongperiodanditincludesmanydetailsof

ancientChinesecustoms,lifestylesendtechnology.

Farmersworkinthefields,sailorsworkontheirboatsandpeopleeatanddobusinessin

restaurants.Partsofthebackgroundarealsoanimated（做成动画）.Youcanseethewindblowingthroughthetrees

andacrossthewater.Theseanimationsperfectlycombinemoderntechnologyandancientart.

Digitaltechnologyallowstoday'sartiststoexpresstheirideasinwaysthatancientartistswouldnotbelieve

possible.Techniquessuchasanimationand3Ddigitalprojection（投影）makeartcomealive.

DunhuangCavePaintings

DunhuangCaves,whichareprotectedancienttreasuresintheGobidesertinNorthwestChina,arefilled

withpaintingsandsculptureswithlastingvalue.Thisartworkwascreatedoveraperiodofaround1,030years.

Thegoodnewsisforartloverswhocannottravelandforthecaves.Scientistshavecreateda360-degree,3D

digitalprojectionofthecaves,whichmakestheartworkcomealive.Thereisalsoafunctionthatletsviewerszoom

inandenjoythepaintingsandsculpturesingreaterdetail.

Digitisingancientartallowsustoexploretheancientpractices.Italsomakesthewholeworldunderstand

theartwhileprotectingtheoriginalartworksforthefuture.

1.Accordingtothepassage,moderntechnologymakesancientart.

A.morelivelyB.morefamousC.lessinterestingD.lessvaluable

2.Whichsentencemaybethebesttofillinthe""?

A.Inthedigitalpainting,alolofthesedetailsareanimated.

B.In（liedigitalpainting,moicdetailsufllicai（vanbeenjuyed.

C.Inthedigitalpainting,manydifferentstylesofartcanbeseen.

D.Inthedigitalpainting,alotofthesescenesarewidelyrecognized.

3.Theunderlinedphrase“zoomin“means""inChinese.

A.makeitbiggerB.makeitsmallerC.turnitonD.turnitoff

4.Whichcanweinfer（推断）fromthepassage?

A.Studyingancientartasmuchaspossibleisverynecessary.

B.Goodartmustcombinemoderntechnologyandancientart.

C.Protectingtheancientartworksismoreimportantthandevelopingtechnology

D.Morevaluableancientartworkswillbeprotectedbelterwithtechnologyinthefuture.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.EnjoyingAncientArtB.ProtectingModernTechnology

C.DigitisingAncientArtD.UnderstandingModernTechnology

【答案】1.A2.A3.A4.D5.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了21世纪的技术如何帮助将古代艺术以更生动的方式呈现出来，

通过数字化技术让《清明上河图》和敦煌洞窟壁画等古代艺术作品焕发新生，既保护了原作，又让全世界

能够更好地理解和欣赏这些艺术瑰宝。

1.细节珅解题。根据“Technologyinthe21stcenturycanhelptobringittolifebycombiningthebestoftheold

andthenew.”以及后文对《清明上河图》和敦煌洞窟壁画的数字化描述，可知现代技术使古代艺术更加生动。

故选Ao

2.推理判断题。根据"TheoriginalpaintingshowslifeduringtheNorthernSongperiodanditincludesmany

detailsofancientChinesecustoms,lifestylesandtechnology.“以及后文"Partsofthebackgroundarealso

animated.”可知，在数字画中，许多细节被做成了动画。故选A。

3.词句猜嘲。题s中艮据“Thereisalsoafunctionthatletsviewerszoominandenjoythepaintingsandsculpturesin

greaterdetail.”可.知,这个功能让观众能够更详细地欣赏画作和雕塑，因此“zoomin”的意思是“放大”。故选A。

4.推理判断题。根据"Digitisingancientartallowsustoexploretheancientpractices.Italsomakesthewhole

worldunderstandtheartwhileprotectingtheoriginalartworksforthefuture.”可以推断，未来更多的珍贵古代艺

术品将通过技术得到更好的保护。故选D。

5.最佳标题题。文章整体围绕数字化古代艺术展开，包括《清明上河图》和敦煌洞窟壁画的数字化案例,

主要讲述了数宇化古代艺术的过程和意义，因此最住标题是“数字化古代艺术故选C。

（2025•福建福州•三模）

®Intheworldofmodemscienceandtechnology,China's''artificialsurT（人工太阳）projecthascaughtthe

eyeofpeoplearoundtheglobe.The''artificialsun“isotticiallynamedtheExperimentalAdvanced

SuperconductingTokamak（EAST）.EASTisaveryimportantmachineforstudyingnuclearfusion（核聚变）.

Nuclearfusionissimilartohowthesunmakesenergy.Scientistsbelieveitcangivepeoplealmostendlessclean

energyinthefuture.

©EASTlookslikeabigroundmachine.Itismadeofmanydifferentandcomplicated（复杂的）parts.The

mostimportantpartofthismachineistomakeaplacethat'sveryhotandhashighpressure,justliketheinsideof

thesun.

③InsideEAST,hydrogen（氢）atomsarcheatedtoextremelyhightemperatures.Thentheybecomeaspecial

formofmattercalledplasma（等离子体）.Inthisstate,hydrogenatomscanjointogetherandgiveoutalotof

energy.

©Chinesescientistshaveworkedreallyhardonthe“artificialsun”project.Theyhavemanydifficult

problemstosolve.Forexample,theyneedtofindwaystocontrolthesuper-hotplasmasteadily（稳定地）andmake

materialsthatcanstandsuchhightemperatures.

⑤Afteryearsofhardwork,Chinahasmadealotofprogress.EASThasevensetworldrecordsbyrunning

theplasmaforalongtime.Thesesuccessesshow（hatChinaisverystronginnuclearfusionresearch.

@The"artificialsun"projectisimportantnotjustforChina,butfbrthewholeworld.Ifnuclearfusion

technologycanbewidelyusedinthefuture,itwillsolvetheproblemofnothavingenoughenergy.

⑦Itwillalsomakeuslessdependentonfossilfuels（化石燃料）,whichisgoodforprotectingthe

environment.Withmoreresearch,thedaywhenthe“artificialsun''bringscleanenergyeverywheremaycome

soon.

1.Whatisthe''artificialsun''called?

A.EASTB.NuclearfusionC.PlasmaD.Hydrogen

2.WhatisthemainjobofEAST?

A.Tomakehydrogenatoms

B.Tocieatealiigh-lempcialuieandhigli-piessuieplace

C.Tostudyfossilfuels

D.Tocontrolthesun'senergy

3.WhatproblemdoChinesescientistsfaceinthe"artificialsun”research?

A.HowtomakemorehydrogenatomsB.Howtomakethemachineround

C.Howtocontrolthesuper-holplasmasteadilyD.How（omake（hemachinerunfaster

4.WhatwillhappenHnuclearfusiontechnologyiswidelyused?

A.TherewillbemorefossilfuelsB.Peoplewillhavelesscleanenergy

C.TheproblemofenergyshortageswillbesolvedD.Itwillbebadforthe

environment

5.Whatisthestructureofthisarticle?

A.①/②③@@⑥/⑦B.①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦

C.①/②③/④⑤⑥/⑦D.①/②③/④⑤/⑥⑦

【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C5.D

【导语】本文主要介绍了中国“人工太阳”项目EAST的名称、工作原理、中国科学家面临的挑战、取得的

进展及其对世界的重要意义。

1.细节理解题。根据文中"The'artificialsun'isofficiallynamedtheExperimentalAdvancedSuperconducting

Tokamak（EAST）.”可知，“人工太阳”的官方名称是•EAST。故诜A。

2.细节理解题。根据"Themostimportantpartofthismachineistomakeaplacethat'sveryhotandhashigh

pressure,justliketheinsideofthesun.”可知，EAST的主要工作是制造一个高温高压的环境。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据“theyneedtofindwaystocontrolthesuper-hotplasmasteadilyandmakematerialsthatcan

standsuchhightemperalures.”可知，中国科学家在研究中面临的闰题包括如何稳定控制超热等离子体。故选

Co

4.细节理解题°根据“Ifnuclearfusiontechnologycanbewidelyusedinthefuture,itwillsolvetheproblemofnot

havingenoughenergy.”可.知，核聚变技术广泛应用将解决能源短缺问题。故选C。

5.篇章结构题。第①段总述“人工太阳”项目及EAST的意义；第②③段介绍EAST的外观和工作原理；第

④⑤段讲述中国科学家的努力及取得的进展；第⑥⑦段说明该项目对世界的重要性。因此文章结构为

①/②©/④©/⑥©。故选D.

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