高考英语二轮复习（新高考版）阅读理解与七选五之记叙文

第6讲体裁微解——记叙文

记叙文是以写入、记事、状物为主要内容，以记叙和描写为表达方式的文章。一篇记叙

文，无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，描写人物、地点、事件和过程，表达作者的某

种情感。主要具有以下特点：

选材新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。

记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事

内容

件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。

形式顺叙、倒叙、插叙。

一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙

语言文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明

显的语言特征。

命题主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。

高考英语记叙文设题主要集中在细节理解题和推理判断题，因此，阅读这类文章时，应

该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的

先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物

的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别

要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。具体答题策叫如下：

策略指导技法解读

弄清六要素何人、何时、何地，因何原因做了何事，结果如何，有何启示或感想。

弄清写作目的证明一个观点；赞美某种美德；谴责某种罪恶；提供娱乐。

关注开头和结尾把握事情的动向，尾段经常是主题的升华所在。

关注情感主线分析事情的发展脉络，弄清人物关系，透析文章的情感主线。

（2022•浙江1月-A）

Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaselfemployedpettransportspecialist.Herpet

transportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危机）inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhitthereal

estate（房t也产）firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbroke

andleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwandering

on（heroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasa

lovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn'ttakelongfbrMerebethtodecidetodrivethe

dog（hereherself.ltwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.

Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlust.lthastakenhertoeverystateinthe

USexceptMontana.WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,

shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriven

through55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteout

conditionsinKansas.

Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadato

Californiawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.As

soonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCalifornia

coast,awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoffroadbiking.

Itturnsoutthatpcttransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30,000peryearbeforetax.She

doesn'tworkinsummer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithair

conditioning.Asautumnes,shegetsrestless—thesameoldwanderlustreturning,lt*sacallshe

musthandlealone,though.Merebethsays,“WhenI'montheroadI'injustinmyownworld.T

vealwaysbeenindependentspiritedandIjustfeelstronglytliatImusthelpanimals.0

语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeih从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名

自营宠物运揄专家。

21.WhydidMerebethchangeherjob?

A.Shewantedtoworknearherhome.

B.Shewastiredofworkingintheoffice.

C.HersisteraskedhertomovetoDenver.

D.Herformeremployerwasoutofbusiness.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地产）firmwhereshe

hadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanew

job.”可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。

22.Thewordwanderlustinparagraph2meansadesireto.

A.makemoney

B.tryvariousjobs

C.beclosetonature

D.traveltodifferentplaces

答案D

解析词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后两句“她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄

勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要在那里找到一个有运

输需要的宠物。她风雨尢阻地旅行。”可知，画线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”O

故选D。

23.WhatcanwclearnaboutMcrcbcthinhernewjob?

A.Shehaschancestoseerareanimals.

B.Sheworkshardthroughouttheyear.

C.Shereliesonherselfthewholetime.

D.Sheearnsabasicandtaxfreesalary.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“WhenI'montheroadI'mjustinmyownworld」'

vcalwaysbeenindcpcndcntspiritcdandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals.w可知,

Merebelh在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。

A

Reilly,mydaughter,syellowLabradorRetriever,enjoyslifeinthecountry.Hc，sfriendly,

playfulandintelligent.Reillyhasanactivelifestyle.Buthe'sbuiltlikeatankasafoodie.Reilly

watcheseverypiecethatgoesfromourhandstoourmouths.Dropit.andwedon'tstandachance

ofbeatinghimtoit.lt'sgoneinoneswallow.

Ifwe'repreparingdinnerandignoringhim,hecatchestheedgeofhiswidemouthed

chccscballfarwithhisjawsintothekitchen.Hishopeisthatsomeonewilldropdoggietreatsinhis

jar.Hedropsitwithaloudnoiseontothehardwoodfloor.Reilly,shungry,yousee.He*salways

hungry.Nobodywillrefusetotreathim.Thcnhewilltakethejarawayanddropitonthefloorso

thatthetreatsbounceout,andhethrowshimselfontothemasfastaslightning.Helovesthisgame!

Oneday,Reillydisappeared,andmydaughterErindidn?tknowwherehewent.Heisn't

allowedtoleavetheyard,andusuallyhedoesn't.Buthedidthatday.Erinwasworriedandwalked

toneighbors'homeslookingforhim.NoReilly.Sonietimelater,thebigdogwasback...andnot

emptyhanded.Inhishugemouthwasadeliciousroastbeef,stillwarm.Erinfeltlightheaded.Whose

dinnerwasthis?Wheredidhegetit?Whatwouldpeoplethinkwhentheywentoutdoorsand

foundtheirgrillemptyandtheirroastgone?

Nobodyseemedtoknowathingaboutit.OnebigyellowLabknew,ofcourse,buthewasn'

ttalking.uOh»Reilly>whathaveyoudone?”mydaughtersaid.Tothisday,notasingleneighbor

hasreportedsucha(heft.

语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者女儿Erin的爱犬Reilly非常喜欢吃东西，一次

Reilly独自出门，回来时嘴里叼着一块热乎的牛肉，主人至今不知道这块牛肉是怎么来的。

i.WhatisReillylike?

A.Heisclumsy.

B.Heisaggressive.

onlytofinditwasonlywetpaint.Turningaround,hesawthathisapprentice（学徒），Giotto-was

laughing.GiottohadpaintedtheflywhenCimabucwasaway,anditlookedsorealthatCimabuc

hadbeenpletelyfooled.

GiottodiBondonewasbornintoapoorfamilyinavillage.Legendhasitthatoneday,when

Cimabucwaswanderingaroundthecountryside,hespottedayoungshepherdboydrawingpictures

ofhissheep,whichweresovivid（hatCimabueimmediatelyaskedhimtoetoFlorenceandlearn

howtopaint.ThatwashowGiotto56sstorybeganinFlorence>wheretheyoungstudentflourished

underCimabue'sinstructionandsoonsurpassedhismasterinskill.

Atthattime,peopleinpaintingsdidn'tlookreal,andthesymbolismofartwasdifficultfor

viewerstoconnectwithit.Innovalion（创新）wasnotstressed,soarthadremained（hesamefor

hundredsofyears.

However,Giottothoughtartshouldbesomethingmoreconnectedwithpeopleinamore

realisticway.Hismasterpiecesincludedthefortymajorfrescoes（壁画）fortheArena

Chapel.Adoptingmanytechniquesthatwereunmonthen,hepaintedpeoplethewayhesawthem,

insteadoftheoverlytallandboxypeoplethatotherartistspainted.Hecreatedthreedimensional

spacebyusingperspective,somethingthathadnotbeendonesinceRomantimes.

Inadditiontopainting,Giottowrotepoetryanddrewarchitecturalplans.WhcnGiottowasin

hissixties»hepaintedtheOgnissantiMadonna,anotherfamousworkofart.Hecontinuedworking

untiltheageofseventy.TheideasGiottobroughttopaintingthroughouthisliferevolutionizedthe

artworldandmadehimoneofthegreatestpaintersever.

语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了意大利伟大的画家乔托•迪・邦多纳，他给绘画注

人的思想彻底改变了艺术界，还使他成为有史以来最伟大的画家之一。

5.Whatdoestheanecdoteinparagraph1(ellusaboutGiotto?

A.Hishumor.B.Histalent.

C.Hiscourage.D.Hisdetermination.

答案B

解析推理判断题c根据第一段内密，尤其是最后一句可知，有一次乔托趁契马布埃不在时

偷偷在他所画的人物脸蛋上画了一只栩栩如生的苍蝇。当契马布埃回来后，他信以为真，多

次尝试将这只烦人的“苍蝇”赶走。这件轶事主要告诉我们乔托的才能。故选B。

6.HowdidCimabuefeelaboutGiotto'spaintingwhentheyfirstmet?

A.Impressed.B.Hesitant.

C.Doubtful.D.Amused.

答案A

解析观点态度越。根据笫二段笫二句可知，契马布埃第一次见乔托时，对他的画感到印象

深刻。故选A。

7.WhatmadeGiotto'sworksdistinguishedatthattime?

A.Vividcolors.

B.Classicskills.

C.Originalposition.

D.Lifelikequality.

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句、第四段第一句和第三句可知，乔托的画因逼真的特

点而与众不同。故选D。

8.WhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesGiotto'sstory?

A.Greatmindsthinkalike.

B.Innovationisthevitalityofart.

C.Constantdrippingwearsawayastone.

D.Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystart.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，当时的艺术因没有创新而止步不前，结合第四

段第三句的“Adoptingmanytechniquesihalwereunmonihen”及最后一段最后一句可知，最

能总结乔托的故事的是B项“创新是艺术的生命力”。故选B。

强化练（十）记叙文

A

（2022•河北保定一模）

WhencloudsofradiationbeganstreamingintotheairaroundtheFukushimanuclearplant,

160,000residentsweretoldtosimplycutandrun.However,itseemsonly159,998residents

listened.Theothertwo-NaotoMatsumuraandSakaeremained.Thereniained.Thetwomenwould

giveupeverythingratherthanletotherbeingsstarve.

Livingwithinthe12.5mileexclusionzonearoundthedamagedreactor,thetwomen,unrelated

tooneanother,bothlivealonewhiletakingcareofdozensofanimalsthatwereleftbehindwhen

theevacuationorderwasgiven.

ReportsfromReutersandDWstatethat57yearoldKatohas41catswholivewithhiminhis

homeinthemountains—alongwithadogheadoptednamedPochi.Katosayshewillstaywithhis

calsandensuretheyarefbrtableallthroughtheirlives.

Matsumuraleftthecityalfirst>butreturnedshortlyafterfbrhisownanimals.Oncerelumed,

thenow55yearo!drealizedthateveryoneelse'spetsandlivestockwerestillthere,sohebegan

takingcareofabroadmunityofanimalsincludingpigs,cats,dogs,ponies,ostriches»andcows.

GNNreportedthathewentbackinsidetheexclusionzoneandrealizedlocalpetdogshadnot

eateninseveraldays.Afteritbecameclear(hatnoonewasingbacktotheneighborhood,hewent

aroundunchainingdogsfromtrees,lettingcowsoutoftheirbarns,andfeedinganythinginneed,

earninghimthenicknamethe“GuardianofFukushima*sAnimals”.

Evci-ythingbothKatoandMatsumuraarcdoingisrisky.ThoughproudofwhatKatoand

Matsumurahavedone,theirfriendsandfamilieshopethattheycanleavethedangerousarea.Yet

theyseemtobedeterminedinwhattheyaredoingandbothplantostaytherewiththeiranimals>e

whatmay.

语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。福岛的两个当地居民甘愿留在核泄漏的禁区里照料被遗弃的动

物，虽然其家人不赞同这样做，但他们决定无论如何也要跟这些动物待在一起。

1.Whatdoesthephrase“otherbeings”inparagraph1probablyreferto?

A.Animals.B.People.

C.Plants.D.Residents.

答案A

解析词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，这两个人照顾留在核污染区的许多动物，所以国线部

分指代的是动物。故选A。

2.WhatkindofpersonisSakaeKato?

A.Curious.B.Caring.

C.Ambitious.D.Lonely.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Kat。不仅照顾自己的猫，还照顾领养的狗，确保它们

一生都过得舒适，这说明他是一个有爱心的人。故选B。

3.WhatdoweknowaboutNaotoMatsumura?

A.Heis57yearsold.

B.HeknowsKatoverywell.

C.Hehasdozensofanimalstolookafter.

D.Helives12.5milesfromtheexclusionzone.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段最后一句可知，NaotoMatsumura照顾着几十只猫、

狗等动物。故选C。

4.Whatcanweinferaboutthetwomenfromthetext?

A.Theywillfollowtheadviceoftheirfamilies.

B.Theywillcallonmorepeopletoprotectanimals.

C.Theystayinthemountainstoenjoyloneliness.

D.Theyhavenoregardfbrtheirownsafety.

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据第二段和最后一段可知，辐射区对人是有危害的，但这两个人依然

待在里面照顾各种动物。家人和朋友希望他们离开，但他们依然不顾自身安危决定留下来。

故选D。

B

（2022・湖南长沙雅礼中学一模）

OnJanuary22,2022,:heBritishBelgian,19yearoklZaraRutherford,successfullylandedher

twoscatmicrolightaircraftbackattheKortrijkWcvclgcmAirport,fromwhereshehaddeparted155

daysago,fulfillingherdreamtobetheyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolo.

“IfeelexcitednotonlytobreaktheGuinnessWorldRecord,butalsotodiminishthegender

gapby11yearsbetweenthecurrentyoungestmalerecordholderTravisLudlow.18atthetimeof

hisrecord,andthepreviousfemalerecordholderShacstaWacz»whowas30whensheplctedher

'DreamsSoar'aroundtheworldflight,"Rutherfordwroteonherblog.

Rutherford,sjourneycrossingfivecontinentsand52countriesbeganonAugust18,2021.She

encounterednumerousunexpecteddelaysalongtheway.Tlieyincludedanunscheduledstopin

Redding,California»duetowildfiresandamonthlongstopinNome,Alaska»torenewherRussian

visa.Shealsofacedseveralchallengesintheair.WhenflyingfromIcelandtoGreenland,Rutherford

lostradiocontactwithhergroundteamfbrmuchofthe3hourflight.Theincidentsalsoresultedin

herhavingtocrossoverRussiainsubzeroteinperatures.Thehardestpartwasflyingover

Siberia—itwasextremelycoldandiftheenginebrokedown,she'dbehoursawayfrom

rescue.Despitetheseveredifficulties,（hedeterminedyoungpilotnevergaveuponherdream.

Rutherfordgrewuparoundairplanes.HerBritishfatherfliesmercially,whileherBelgian

motherisarecreationalpilol.Theyounggirlbeganlearninghowtoflyatage14andobtainedher

aviator,slicensein2020.Withhergoalofflyingaroundtheworldacplished,Rutherfordnowhas

hersightssetevenhigher.Shewantstobeeanastronautandexplorespace.

Shehopesthatherjourneywillencouragemoreyoungwomentopursuecareersin

aviation.Currentlythenumberoffemalepilotsisjust5percent.Rutherfordsays,"It'saneasy

thingtosay,butjustgoforit.Ifyoudon'ttryandseehowhighyoucanfly,thenyou'11never

know.”

语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述ZaraRutherford成功实现了她成为最年轻的完成

单人环球飞行的女性的梦想以及她在旅程中遇到的一些挑战。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Narrow.B.Divide.

C.Fill.D.Cause.

答案A

解析词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，Rutherford不仅打破了吉尼斯世界纪录，还将目前最

年轻的男性纪录保持者TravisLudlow和前女性纪录保持者之间的性别差距缁小了II岁。

Ludlow创造世界纪录时只有18岁，而之前的女性纪录保持者ShaestaWaez在完成“梦想翱

翔”环球飞行时已经30岁。故曲线词的意思是“缩小”。故选A。

6.WhydidRutherfordhavetostopinNome?

A.Thewildfireswereloofierce.

B.HerRussianvisawasdue.

C.Theweatherwastoosevere.

D.Herenginebrokedown.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，Rutherford要在诺姆停留是因为她的俄罗斯签

证到期了。故选B。

7.What?sthepurposeofparagraph4?

A.Toswitchtoanewtopic.

B.Tosummarizeherachievements.

C.Toillustrateheradmirabletalents.

D.Toaddsomebackgroundinformation.

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，第四段的目的是增加Rutherford的一些背景信息。

故选D。

8.Whatdoesthepassagetrytoconvey?

A.Lifeisnotallroses.

B.Dreambig,aimhigh.

C.Nottoadvanceistogoback.

D.Thegreatesttalkers,theleastdoers.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段最后一句并结合文章主要内容可推知，文章想

表达“梦想远大，目标远大”的思想。故选B。

C

（2022•江苏南京、盐城二模）

Nowadaysmaildeliveryisalittledifferent.!stillgetmymailfrommymailbox.Nothingbut

myneighbors'mail.Ithought(hatwascurious.

Iproceededtotakemyneighbors?mailtothem.Iwasabouttoputthemailintheirmailbox

whenatallmancamerunningout,shoutingaboutmessingwithhisfriend'smail.Hesnatched(夺

过)themailfrommyhand,openedthemailboxandpointedtothemailinside,“Youwereafter

this.”

Ishookmyhead,“No,believeme.Igotthismailbymistakeinmyboxtoday.Iwasjust

bringingittothem."Hegavemeafunnylookandwentbackintohishouse.

Igottheknockonthedoorthenextmorningbytwoverypoliteofficers.Thcannoyedtallman

hadphonedthepoliceandtoldthemIwasacrazyoldwomangoingaroundmixingupeveryone*s

mail.BeforeIcouldfinishtellingthemaboutwhatwasgoingon,theofficershadwatchedadog

approachmymailboxwithmailinhismouth.Hetookoutthemailthatwasinmyboxandput

lettersin.Hepushedthedoorclos