高考英语一轮单元复习 必修第一册 Unit4 Natural Disasters【过关测试】解析版

必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters

过关测试

（考试时间：6（）分钟试卷满分：100分）

I.词汇检测

1.Thisisoneoftheworstnaturald（灾难）evertohitthearea.

2.Theumbrellaisapoors（避身处）fromheavyrain.

3.Wecannots（幸存）forlongwithoutfoodanddrink.

4.Thefiremen（营救）lhreewomenfromtheburninghouse.

5.Unluckily,thehousethatwetalkedaboutisin（废墟）.

6.Thesoldiers（使陷入困境）theirenemiesandforcedthemtogivein.

7.Sheb（掩埋）herfaceinherhandandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.

8.Thewaters（供给）hasbeencutoffbecausetheworkersarerepairingthemainpipes.

9.Theplanec（坠毁）inlothemountain,butthepilotmanagedtosurvive.

10.Elineoperatorsmustalwaysstaycalmandmakesurethattheygetalltheinformation

theyneedtosendhelp.

答案：

1.disasters2.shelter3.survive4.rescued5.ruins

6.trapped7.buried8.supply9.crashed10.Emergency

U.单句语法填空

1.Thesouthofthecountrywasworstaffectedbythe（dry）.

2.We（slide）downtheroofanddroppedtotheground.

3.Soldiersandvolunteersarestillsearchingfor（survive）.

4.Thesignsofaneconomic(revive)areonlyjustbeginning.

5.1(suddenly(strike)mehowwccouldimprovethesituation.

6.Thenew(deliver)servicehastakenoffinabigway.

7.Ilcanbeusefultowriteashort(summarize)ofyourargument(论点)first.

8.Thcoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughvarietiesof(suffer)duringthewar.

9.Thetyphoonhasleftatrailofdeathand(destroy)acrossmuchofcentralJapan.

10.1feelmuch(affect)formymum,whosewordsandactionshaveapositiveeffectonme.

1.drought2.slid3.survivors4.revival5.struck6.delivery7.summary

8.sufferings9.destructionlO.affection

III.词组填空

inruins,cutacross,asusual,inshock.sufferfrom.onhand,

causedamageto,sparenoeffortto...,surviveon.sweepaway.asif,

l.Hewasbarelyhisearningsasanartist.

2.Aftertheearthquake,thewholecitylay.

3.Hisfriendhasillhealthforsomeyears.

4.Heisn'tseriouslyinjuredbutheis.

5.Peoplevisittheirancestors'graves(坟墓)tothedirt.

6.Weallknowthatwecan?tlive_______________withoutgoodhealth.

7.Wecangaintimeifwethisfield.

8.Wewillhelpyou,butyoumustgetpreparedtomeetallkindsofdifficulties.

9.Hetalkswithastrangertheyweregoodfriends.

10.Theearthquakeproperty(财产)about$6billion.

答案：「survivingon2.inruins3.sufferedfrom4.inshock5.sweepaway

6.asusual7.cutacross8.sparenoeffortto9.asif10.causeddamageio

IV.课文语法填空

Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunami___1___crashedintocoastlines

acrossAsiayesterday,____2____(kill)morethan6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,

andatleasttour___3______countries.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcars_______4__________

(sweep)awaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreached___5___magnitudeof9.0.

“Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildren___6___waterstartedfillingmyhome.Wehadto

leaveeverythingandrunto_7__(safc)JsaidChandraThccravit,alocalThaiwoman.

Thousandsofpeoplearestill8(miss),andthenumberof9(die)is

expectedtogrowevenhigheroverthenextfewdays.Foreignaid________10___(organize)forthe

tsimami-hitcountries.However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliver

foodandsupplies.

答案：1.that/which,2.killing,3.other,4.wereswept,5.a,6.when,7.safety,

8.missing,9.deaths,10.isbeingorganised

V.阅读理解

A

Naturaldisastersarcnature'sanger,whichcanupseteventhemostdevelopedcountriesandmaketheminto

ruins.Thereisnothingwecandotostopsuchdisastershappening.Inthatcaseitisquitepossiblethatweareallshort

ofelectricity,water,food.etc.Thebasicnecessitiestobestoredfortimesofdisastersareexplainedbelow.

Drinkingwaterisamustforanyhumantosurvivc.lthastobestoredbasedonthenumberofpeopleinthe

household.Anormalhumanwouldconsumeagallonofwateraday.Foodisanimportantrequirement.Especiallyin

timesofdisasters,ourbodieswouldbeweak.Richfoodisveryimportantinsuchtimesofdanger.Foodlikedryfruits

wouldbeidealastheylastlongandgiveusenergy.AFirstAidKitandbasicmedicinesareamustanddoremember

tostoresomeofthem.Certainbasicthingssuchasscissorsandsoapswouldbehandy.Ilisagoodideatohavearadio

(obeupdatedwiththeongoingnews.

AnEarthquakePreparednessKitwouldbeofgreathelpinfightingagainstanearthquake

inprotectingyouandyourfamilyfromthestorm.”可,知，龙卷风来临时，为家人安置一个安全的地方躲避是好主

意c故选B。

4.Inthispassagetheauthormainlytellsreadersto_C_.

A.fightagainstnaturaldisasters,withtheirfamilybravely

B.keepcalminthecircumstancesofnaturaldisasters

C.preparenecessitiesfornaturaldisastersaheadoftime

D.takestepstoreducethedamageofnaturaldisasters

解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中最后一句"Thebasicnecessitiestobestoredfortimesofdisastersare

explainedbelow.”以及最后一段“Detakestepsinadvance.Beingwellpreparedistheonlywaythatwouldhelpus

recoverfromsuchdisasters.”可知，本文主要介绍的是提前为灾难来临储备好必需品。故选C。

B

AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.

FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism—iftheyhadbeenmade

lastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck（海难）,bya

cameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,under

freezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.

TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegian-builttnree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnest

Shackletonandasmallcrewotseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmostshoreotAntarctica's

WeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled（雪橇）acrossthecontinenl.The

journeywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedthe

SouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsontheinarchback.

AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-rcscarchcdstoryTheEndurance»

adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott'slastjourney,completedashelayinatentdyingof

coldandhunger,caughttheworld'simagination»andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton,aonetime

Britishmcrchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbefore

his1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralian

photographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeen

published.

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是FrankHurley收集的照片把过去•次不成功的航海活动重

新展现了出来。

1.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?

A.Theyweremadelastweek.

B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.

C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman.

D.Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.

答案D［事实细节题。根据第二段中的iheywereshotfrom1914ihrough1916,mostofthemaftera

disastrousshipwreck可知，这些照片记录的是一次海难。］

2.WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothe(ext?

A.FrankHurley.B.ErnestShackleton.

C.RobertFalconScott.D.CarolineAlexander.

答案C［事实细由题。根据第三段最后一句话中的CiiptainScotlhadreachedtheSouthPole可知，到达

南极的是RobertFalconScott。J

3.WhatdocsAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?

A.Artisticcreation.B.Scientificresearch.

C.Moneymaking.D.Treasurehunting.

答案C|事实细节题。根据最后一段中的...startabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrom

movieandstillphoiogniphy可知，Alexander认为他1914航行的目的就是为了挣钱发财。］

C

Theircheerysongbrightensmanyawinter'sday.Butrobinsareindangerofwearingthemselvesoutbysinging

toomuch.Robinsaresingingallnight—aswellasduringtheday.British-basedresearcherssay.

DavidDoniinoni,ofGlasgowUniversity,saidthatlightfromstreetlamps,takeawaysignsandhomesis

affectingthebirds'biologicalclocks,leadingtothembeingwideawakewhentheyshouldbeasleep.

DrDominoni,whoisputtingcamerasinsidenestingboxestotracksleepingpatterns,saidlackofsleepcould

putthebirds'healthatrisk.Hisstudyshowsthatwhenrobinsarcexposedtolightatnightinthelab,itleadstosome

genesbeingactiveatthewrongtimeofday.Andthemorebirdsareexposedtolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight,

Hetoldpeopleataconference»"Therehavebeenacoupleofstudiessuggestingtheyareincreasingtheirsong

outputatnightandduringthedaytheyarestillsinging.Singingisacostlybehaviourandittakesenergy.Soby

increasingtheirsongoutput,theremightbesomecostsofenergy/'

Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmore

nocturnal.DrDominonisaid,“InGlasgowwhereIlive,gullsareaseriousproblem.Ihavepeoplecomingtome

saying4Youarcthebirdcxpcrt.Canyouhelpuskillthesegulls?Duringthebreeding（繁殖）season»between

AprilandJune,theyareveryactiveatnightandverynoisyandpeoplecan'tsleep.^^

AlthoughDrDominonihasonlystudiedlightpollution,otherresearchconcludedthatrobinslivinginnoisy

citieshavestartedtosingatnighttomakethemselvesheardoverloudnoise.

However,somebirdsthrive（兴旺）innoisyenvironments.AstudyfromCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity

foundmorehummingbirdsinareaswithheavyindustrialmachinery.ltisthoughtthattheyarecapitalisingontheir

predators（天敌）fleeingtoquieterareas.

【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一项调查研究的结果，由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知

更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这极大地影响了鸟的健康。

1.AccordingtoDrDominoni'sstudy，whatcausesrobinstosingsomuch?

A.Thebreedingseason.

B.Thelightinmodernlife.

C.Thedangerousenvironment.

D.Thenoisefromheavymachinery.

答案B［细节理解题。根据文章第二段的"DavidDominoni,ofGlasgowUniversity»saidtnatlightfrom

streetlamps,takeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds'biologicalclock,leadingtothembeingwide

awake...”以及第三段最后一句可知，是现代生活中的灯光使得知更鸟唱歌太多。故选择B。］

2.Whatistheresearchers'concernovertheincreaseofbirds'songoutput?

A.Theenvironmentmightbepolluted.

B.Thebirds'healthmightbedamaged.

C.Theindustrycostmightbeincreased.

D.Thepeople'shearingmightbeaffected.

答案B［细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Singingisacostlybehaviouranditlakesenergy”可知，唱

歌唱得越多，鸟类就会损耗更多的精力，它们的健康也会因此受到损害。故选择B。］

3.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“nocturnal"inParagraph5mean?

A.Activeatnight.B.Inactiveatnight.

C.Activeduringtheday.D.Inactiveduringtheday.

答案A［词义猜测题。根据上文的"Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificial

light.Blackbirdsandseagullsarcalsobeing...”以及本段最后的“...theyarcveryactiveatnight...''可知，这里的

nociumal与前面的awake应该是近义词，意为“夜间活动的"。故选A。］

4.Whydosomebirdsthriveinnoisyenvironments?

A.Becausetherearefewerdangers.

B.Becausethereismorefoodtocat.

C.Becausethereislesslightpollution.

D.Becausetherearemoreplacestotakeshelter.

答案A［细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句"Itisthoughtthattheyarec叩italisingontheir

predators（天敌）fleeingtoquieterareas."可知，它们的天敌都去了更安静的地方，在这些工业区，天敌更少，也

就是危险更少。］

VI.完形填空

Thewholeschoolwastalkingaboutthecomingtripatawintercamp.Andeveryonewas1.exceptme.

"I'llhateit,“Itoldmyparents.4trilgethomesick（想家的）.Tillookstupidatwintersports,andeveryone

will2me."

“Youmightbesurprised,Bree,“saidMom."Theonlywaytofindoutisto3

"It'swhatgrowingupisallabout,MDadadded.When4thecamp,wewereaskedtoshareone5.

'TmafraidI'llbehomesick,nsomeonesaid.

Iwasn'ttheonlyone!Ibeganto6.Afterlunch,wewereaskedtoski（滑雪）downtothefield.Iskied

7_,butIstillhitapieceoficeand8

“Ha!Ha!”Behindme,somebodystartedlaughing.I9toseewhowasmakingfunofme.Tomy10

Isawagirlinthesameawkward（尴尬的）positionIwasin."IthoughtTdbebadatthisJJI'mworsethanI

expected!”shesaid.

12,Istartedlaughingtoo.Afterbeingsol3offalling,itwasacomfortnottofearitanymore.

Aldinnertime,IwassohappytobetalkingaboutinterestingthingsthatIJ4tofeelhomesick.

Thenextday,Iwas]5totryskijumpingfirst,eventhoughIdidn'twantto.Butwhenmyfeetlefttheground,

IfeltIwas16anditwaswonderful.

MaybeDadwasrightwhenhesaid“Youmight17itifyougiveitachance!”

Maybethekindof18MomandDadweretalkingabouthadmoretodowithmyoutlook（态度）thanmy

looks.Weall19fittinginandfailingwhenwe1^20things.Sometimesyou'regottofallonyourfaceto

discoverhowmuchyou'vegotincommon.

1.A.strangeB.sadC.nervousD.excited

2.A.speaktoB.waitforC.laughatD.talkabout

3.A.tryB.dreamC.changeD.move

4.A.searchingforB.returningtoC.makingupD.arrivingat

5.A.storyB.fearC.purposeD.fact

6.A.eatB.askC.relaxD.sleep

7.A.carefullyB.interestinglyC.finallyD.quickly

8.A.wentoutB.gaveupC.ranawayD.felldown

9.A.walkedaroundB.stoodupC.lookedhackD.steppedover

10.A.shameB.surpriseC.pleasureD.regret

11.A.butB.soC.becauseD.or

12.A.QuietlyB.HopefullyC.Unh叩p"yD.Suddenly

13.A.tiredB.proudC.certainD.afraid

14.A.failedB.refusedCforgotD.stopped

15.A.preparedB.chosenC.protectedD.allowed

16.A.flyingB.cryingC.learningD.dying

17.A.preventB.trustC.discoverD.enjoy

18.A.winningbackB.showingoffC.growingupD.workingout

19.A.catchupB.worryaboutC.believeinD.pointout

20.A.newB.easyC.rightD.popular

【文章大意】在成长过程中我们或许会害怕尝试新事物，或许会害怕失败，然而，这些都是成长的必经阶

段C在此过程中，我们需要以积极向上的态度来面对这一切。

I.D根据该空后的exceptme和口1haleit可知，作者不想去冬令营，然而其他人都很“兴奋(excited)

故选D。

2.C根据前半句111lookstupidatwintersports可知，由于不擅长冬季运动项目，作者害怕别人会“笑话

(laughat)”她。故选C.

3.A作者的妈妈鼓励作者自己去“尝试(try):故选A。

4.D根据文章首句中的thecomingtripatawintercamp可知，此处指“到达(arrivingat)”营地。故选D。

5.B根据下一句中的I'mafraid「IIbehomesick可知，大家分享一件“害怕的事(fear)”。故选B。

6.C作者一开始担心自己会想家，担心会被别人笑话，因此叫到别人说想家时，她开始“放心(relax)”

了.故选C.

7.A根据上文中的「11lookstupidatwintersports可知，由于作者不擅长冬季体育运动，因此她“小心翼

翼地(carefully)”滑雪。故选A。

&D根据该空前的Isiillhilapieceofice可知，作者撞到一块冰上，“摔倒了(felldown)故选D,

9.C根据上■句Behindme,somebodystartedlaughing可知,有人在作者身后发出笑声,因此作者“朝身

后看去(lookedback)”，想知道究竟是谁在笑。故选C。

10.B根据该空后的IsawagirlinthesameawkwardpositionIwasin可知，作者原本以为有人在笑她，然

而令她“诧异(surprise)”的是，有一个女孩也摔倒了。故选B。

11.AIthoughtrdbebadatthis与I'mworsethanIexpected之山为转折关系，故选A。

12.D女孩所说的话让作者也“突然(Suddenly)”笑了起来。故选D.

13.D根据上文的描述可知，作者一直“害怕(afraid)”摔倒。故选D。

14.C根据该空前的happylobetalkingaboutinterestingthings可知，作者在晚饭时和别人聊得很开心，以

至于“忘了(forgot)”想家。故选Co

15.B根据后半句eventhoughIdidn'twantto可知，作者在第：天被“选中(chosen)”第一个尝试跳台滑

雪c故选Bo

16.A根据该空前的myfeetlefttheground和该空后的itwaswonderful可知，作者感觉自己在“飞翔

(flying)故选A。

17.D作者在此体会到跳台滑雪给她带来的乐趣，因此，她认司爸爸说的“你尝试后或许会“喜欢

(enjoy)”上它的“。故选D。

18.C根据上文中的“It'swhatgrowingupisallabout,”Dadadded可知,作者在此发出关于“成长(growing

up)”的感慨。故选C。

19.B联系全文的语境可知，在成长过程中，当我们尝试“新(new)”事物时，我们都会“担心(worry

about)”不适应或是失败，故选B。

20.A联系全文的语境可知，在成长过程中，当我们尝试“新(new)”事物时，我们都会“担心(worry

abcut)”不适应或是失败。故选A。

VIII.阅读七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

HowtoCelebrateWorldEnvironmentDay

WorldEnvironmentDayisayearlyeventheldtoraiseglobalsenseoftheneedtoprotectourworld._36.G_

Peopleconsideritaclimax(高潮)ofenvironmentalactivitiesbeingperformedallyearroundbyUNEP.Beapartof

thecelebrationstomakeourworldcleaner,greenerandbrighter.

FindoutwhattheWEDenvironmentalthemeisinternationallyfortheyear.Forexample,in2011»itwasthe

InternationalYearofForests,thusdiefro