Unit2单元语法讲练现在完成时-外研版英语八年级上册

单元语法精讲精练●单元语法精讲●现在完成时(2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与since、for引导的时间短语或从句连用。需要注意的是，since后接过去某一时间点的词组或一般过去时的句子；for后接一段时间。1.since的用法(1)since+过去的时间点，如：年、月、日、几点等since1990自1990年起(2)since+时间段+agosince3monthsago自从三个月前(3)since+一般过去时的句子HehasstayedinthehotelsincelastSunday.他自上周日就住在这家旅馆了。(从上周日就一直住在这家旅馆，持续到现在，还有可能一直住下去)(4)since的一个固定句式"Itis+时间段+since+一般过去时的句子。"ItisfiveyearssinceIcamehere.我来这儿五年了。2.for的用法:for+时间段ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.她已经学习英语五年了。(一直在学，持续了五年，并且还可能持续学下去)Hehasworkedhereforfiveyears.他在这儿工作已经五年了。【注意】(1)在现在完成时中，若对since和for引导的时间状语进行提问，都可以用howlong。(2)since和for的句式转换：since+时间段+ago=for+时间段。Theyhaven'tchangedsincetwentyyearsago.=Theyhaven'tchangedfortwentyyears.他们已经二十年没有改变了。(3)若现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语(如since/for引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能使用延续性动词。【拓展】动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。(1)延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历。如：learn,work,stand,lie,walk,sleep,keep,wait,watch,sing,read,stay,live等。延续性动词可以与for和since引导的时间状语连用。Hehaslivedherefor6years.他在这儿住了六年了。(一直住在这儿，live是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住下去)Ihaveknownhersincethen.自从那时起我就认识她了。(一直都认识，know是延续性动词)(2)非延续性动词：也称终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open,close,begin,finish,e,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,die等。非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的时间状语连用。Hisgrandmotherdied10yearsago.他的奶奶10年前去世了。Shefinishedtheworkat6o'clock.她六点完成了工作。【拓展】在现在完成时中，如果时间状语表示一段时间，非延续性动词需要转化为延续性动词。常见的转换包括：borrow→keepbuy→haveleave→beawaybegin/start→beondie→bedead

Unit1现在完成时(2)语法精练习题一：用since或for填空1.HehaslivedinBeijing______2008.2.Theyhavebeenmarried______tenyears.3.Ihaveknownher______wewerechildren.4.Shehasworkedhere______sixmonths.5.Ithasn'trained______threeweeks.6.Wehavewaited______twohours.7.Hehasbeenill______lastMonday.8.Theyhavebeenfriends______alongtime.9.Ihaven'tseenhim______lastweek.10.ShehasstudiedEnglish______shewassix.习题二：选择题()1.Howlong______you______English?A.have;studiedB.has;studiedC.did;study()2.Theyhaveworkedhere______.A.sincethreeyearsB.forthreeyearsC.threeyearsago()3.Mybrotherhashadthisbike______2019.A.forB.sinceC.in()4.Shehasn'twrittentome______lastmonth.A.forB.sinceC.from()5.Wehaveknowneachother______tenyearsago.A.forB.sinceC.when()6.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.A.forB.sinceC.in()7.Hehaskeptthebook______twoweeks.A.sinceB.forC.from()8.Howlonghasyourfather______thiscar?A.boughtB.hadC.buy()9.Hergrandmother______forfiveyears.A.hasdiedB.diedC.hasbeendead()10.Themeetinghas______forhalfanhour.A.begunB.beenonC.began习题三：改写句子（保持句意不变）1.Heboughttheputerthreeyearsago.→He____________theputerforthreeyears.2.SheleftShanghaifivedaysago.→She__________________fromShanghaiforfivedays.3.Thefilmbeganthirtyminutesago.→Thefilm__________________forthirtyminutes.4.Iborrowedthisbooktwoweeksago.→I____________thisbookfortwoweeks.5.Hisfatherdiedtenyearsago.→Hisfather__________________fortenyears.6.TheyarrivedherelastMonday.→They____________heresincelastMonday.7.Theshopopenedthreehoursago.→Theshop__________________forthreehours.8.Igottoknowherin2020.→I____________hersince2020.9.Hejoinedthearmytwoyearsago.→He____________inthearmyfortwoyears.10.Therainstartedanhourago.→Therain__________________foranhour.习题四：改正句中的错误1.Hehasboughtthecarfortwoyears.2.Shehaslefthomesince8o'clock.3.Howlonghaveyouborrowedthisbook?4.Theoldmanhasdiedforthreemonths.5.Theyhaveeherefortwohours.6.Ihavefinishedmyhomeworksince5pm.7.Shehasmarriedfortenyears.8.Hehasjoinedtheclubsincelastyear.9.Thetrainhasarrivedfortwentyminutes.10.Mysisterhasboughtthedresssinceyesterday.习题五：用延续性动词的正确形式填空1.He______(be)inBeijingsince2010.2.She______(keep)thebookfortwoweeks.3.They______(be)marriedfortwentyyears.4.I______(have)thisputersinceIgraduated.5.Thefilm______(be)onforhalfanhour.6.Hisgrandfather______(be)deadforfiveyears.7.She______(be)awayfromhomesinceMonday.8.We______(know)eachothersincechildhood.9.He______(work)herefortenyears.10.Themeeting______(be)onsince2o'clock.习题六：对划线部分提问1.Hehaslivedherefortenyears.2.Shehasworkedinthispanysince2018.3.Theyhavebeenmarriedforfiveyears.4.Ihavekeptthebookfortwoweeks.5.Thefilmhasbeenonsince7o'clock.6.Hehasbeenillforthreedays.7.ShehasstudiedEnglishsinceshewassix.8.Wehavewaitedforanhour.9.Theyhavebeenfriendssincechildhood.10.Theshophasbeenopenfortwohours.答案习题一：1.since2.for3.since4.for5.for6.for7.since8.for9.since10.since习题二：1.A2.B3.B4.B5.B6.A7.B8.B9.C10.B习题三：1.hashad2.hasbeenaway3.hasbeenon4.havekept5.hasbeendead6.havebeen7.hasbeenopen8.haveknown9.hasbeen10.hasbeenon习题四：1.bought→had2.left→beenaway3.borrowed→kept4.died→beendead5.e→been6.finished→had7.married→beenmarried8.joined→beenin9.arrived→beenhere10.bought→had习题五：1.hasbeen2.haskept3.havebeen4.havehad5.hasbeen6.hasbeen7.hasbeen8.haveknown9.hasworked10.hasbeen习题六：1.Howlonghashelivedhere?2.Howlonghas