高中英语语法核心点详解Part19特殊句式讲义-高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高中英语语法核心点详解part19特殊构句1.祈使句祈使句→表示“希望，请求，命令”的句子一般祈使句原形动词例如：(You)standup.去掉You否定祈使句Don't/Never＋原形动词邀请祈使句Let's＋原形动词例如1.Bequiet,please.=Pleasebequiet.请安静。例如2.Pleasestoptalkingandlistentome.请不要讲话，听我说。或Willyoupleasestoptalkingandlistentome?Will这里是请求的意思。例如3.Don'tdrinkbeforeyoudrive.开车前不要喝酒。例如4.Nevermakethesamemistakeagain.绝对不要再犯同样的错误。例如5.Let'sgoforawalk.让我们去散步。回答Yes,let’s./No,let’snot.比较：Let'splayoutside.我们去外边玩吧（表示提议，说话的人和听话的人一起去）Letusplayoutside.让我们去外边玩（表示请求）2.感叹句What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋(S＋V)How＋形容词/副词＋(S＋V)例如1.Whatabeautifuldress(thisis)!一件多么漂亮的裙子！例如2.Howbeautifulthisdressis!例如3.Whatwonderfulworld!多么好的世界！例如4.Howinterestingthisnovelis!多么有趣的小说！Whataninterestingnovelthisis!例如5.Howfast（副词）he（主）runs（动词）!他跑的多快啊！例如6.Whataday!多么好的一天啊！或者多么坏一天啊！比较：直述句：Youareverygoodgirl.你是非常好的女孩。祈使句：Beagoodgirl.要做个好的女孩。感叹句：Whatagoodgirlyouare!3.倒装倒装句可分下列三种：(1)动词+主词(2)助动词(do,does,did)+主词+原形动词(一般疑问句的句型)(3)助动词(will,can,should)+主词+原形动词否定字放句首用倒装be动词才能拿到主词前面，一般动词要在主词前面加助动词例如1.Heisneverlateforschool.→Neverishelateforschool.Henevergoestoschoollate.→Neverdoeshegotoschoollate.例如2.Herarelytellsajoke.→Rarelydoeshetellajoke.例如3.Ihaveneverseensuchbeautifulscenery.完成式的have视为助动词→NeverhaveIseensuchbeautifulscenery.景象不可数不能在其前面加不定冠词a或定冠词the例如4.我一坐在椅子上就有人敲门。Ihadhardlysatinthechairwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.→Ihadscarcelysatinthechairbeforesomeoneknockedatthedoor.→HardlyhadIsatinthechairwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.hardly...when...scarcely...before...scarcely...before...表示“一...就...”例如5.他一到家天就开始下雨。Hehadnosoonerreachedhishousethanitbegantorain.→Nosoonerhadhereachedhishousethanitbegantorain.nosooner...than...表“一...就...”例如6.无论如何我都不允许你去。In/UndernocircumstanceswillIallowyoutogothere.例如7.Henotonlydrawsillustrationsbut(he)(also)writesnovels.→Notonlydoeshedrawillustrationsbut(he)(also)writesnovels.NotonlyIbutalsoyouareingtovisitMr.Chen.Henotonlydrawsillustrationsbut(he)(also)writesnovels.注意位置,及两个he可省一个,also的位置例如8.Ididnotknow[(that)hewashomesick]untilItalkedtohim.→NotuntilItalkedtohimdidIknow(that)hewashomesick.倒装的是主要子句而非until子句notuntil+副词子句+倒装句重点：否定字后伴随着受词，则形成：否定字+受词+倒装句例如1.Ihadnohopeatthattime.→NohopedidIhaveatthattime.例如2.Myfatherdidnotsayaword.→Notaworddidmyfathersay.例如3.ThatredcarIlikeverymuch,butthisblueoneIdislike.强调句Ilikethatredcarverymuch,butIdislikethisblueone.动词本身是否定的,没有倒装重点：only在意义上近乎否定字，故可以放在句首，其后接倒装句例如1.只有在紧急时，才能使用此出口。Onlyincaseofemergencycanweusethisexit.例如2.只有下雨时才觉得凉爽一些。Onlywhenitrainsdoyoufeelcool.重点：onlyif,ifonlyOnlyif+副词子句(条件句)，倒装句…(只要)Ifonly+假设句…(要是…就好了)例如1.Onlyifyoupasstheexaminationandbeeacollegestudent,willIacceptyouasafriend.例如2.IfonlyIhadmoney,Icouldbuysomenewclothes.例如3.Ifonlyhehadarrivedintime!表示方向或场所的副词放句首例如1.Theteachereshere.→Hereestheteacher.→Herehees.例如2.Ashowerofstonescameoverthewall.→Overthewallcameashowerofstone.程度副词放句首例如1.Irememberwellthepromise(which)youmadelastyear.→WelldoIrememberthepromiseyoumadelastyear.重点：so…that…，such…that…也可以改成倒装句例如1.EmilyissobeautifulthatIamheadoverheelsinlovewithher.→SobeautifulisEmilythatIamheadoverheelsinlovewithher.headoverheels表示彻底的，深深地，完全的例如2.Itwassuchaboringlecturethathalfthestudentsfellasleep.→Suchaboringlecturewasitthathalfthestudentsfellasleep.→Soboringalecturewasitthathalfthestudentsfellasleep.补语放在句首补语+be动词+主词(名词)例如1.Thecounty[thathasnowar]ishappy.→Happyisthecountrythathasnowar.例如2.Thesoundofthebellgrewfaint.→Faintgrewthesoundofthebell.注意：此句型中，若主词为代名词，则不用倒装句例如1.Heishappy.→Happyheis.例如2.Youareright.→Rightyouare.so(也)，neither(也不)，nor(也不)开始的句子例如1.AmyspentthewholeeveningwatchingTV,andhersisterdid,too.→AmyspentthewholeeveningwatchingTV,andsodidhersister.例如2.Youdon’tfeellikeeatinganymore,andIdon’t,either.Youdon’tfeellikeeatinganymore,andme,either.→Youdon’tfeellikeeatinganymore,andneither/nordoI.注意ItisgettingdarkinthisroomSoisthatroom.倒装（那个房间也是）ItisgettingdarkinthisroomSoitis.表赞同(未倒装)4.强调ItbeV+强调部分+that+剩余部分...强调部分(不可用动词、形容词)that(不可省略)(可用who,which,where,when等代替)例如1.Myfathercaughtacarpinthisriverlastweek.→Itwasmyfatherthat/whocaughtacarpinthisriverlastweek.→Itwasacarpthat/whichmyfathercaughtinthisriverlastweek.→Itwasinthisriverthat/wheremyfathercaughtacarplastweek.→Itwaslastweekthat/whenmyfathercaughtacarpinthisriver.助动词，形容词，副词的强调强调动词→do，does，did例如1.Dofeelfreetocallmeatanytime.例如2.Sherarelyspeaksatourmeeting,butwhenshedoesspeak,sheisalwaystothepoint.tothepoint切题besidethepoint离题强调名词→反身代名词或very(正是…)例如1.ThisistheveryspotwhereIfoundthepurse.例如2.Heishappinessitself.Heisallhappiness.Heisveryhappy.强调形容词或副词i.原级：very，so，awfully，highly，terribly，dreadfullyii.比较级：much，even，alot，far，stilliii.最高级：much，farandaway,byfar,possible例如1.Thedogisterriblysmart.例如2.ThequestionwasmucheasierthanIhadthought.例如3.That’smuchthebestplan.That’stheverybestplan.例如4.Theyaresellingputersatthelowestpossiblepricesatthatstore.注意Thejacketisverycheap.Thepriceofthejacketisverylow.疑问词的强调例如1.究竟谁这个时候打过来？Whoonearthiscallingatthishour?例如2.你他妈的什么意思?Whatintheworlddidyoumeanbythat?注意：口语中也有用thehell，thedevil，thedeuce等用来强调，比较粗鲁的说法Whothehelliscallingatthishour?否定句的强调例如1.Wewillnevermakesuchamistakeagain.→Neveragainwillwemakesuchamistake.否定字倒装+程度副词倒装例如2.Thedressdoesnotsuitheratall.注意：atall也可以强调疑问句或条件句例如1.Didyoufollow/takethedoctor’sadviceatall?例如2.既然你要学英文，就把它学好吧。IfyoulearnEnglishatall,learnitwell.atall+全然——用于否定句究竟——用于疑问句既然——用于条件句注意：否定的强调，可将否定字放句首，或用atall,farfrom,intheleast,bynomeans(绝非…),anythingbut(绝不是…)等例如1.Heisnotaliaratall.→Heisnoliar.→Heisfarfromaliar.→Heisbynomeansaliar.→Heisanythingbutaliar.→Heisnotintheleastaliar.以最低标准看,他也不是一个骗子。字词重复的强调例如1.Iwaitedforhoursandhours.例如2.Hereadtheromanticletteraloudagainandagain/overandover(again).其他例如1.SheisthemostbeautifulgirlthatI’veeverseen.例如2.Whatsurprisedmewasherscream.例如3.Thefirstthingtorememberisnottocriticizeanyone.例如4.Allyouhavetodoisstudyhard.Allyouhadtodowasstudyhard.注意：我要做的事情就是上网。AllIhavetodoisgetontheInternet/surftheInternet.→WhatIhavetodoisgetontheInternet.allthat=what=thethingwhich→Theonlything(that)IhavetodoissurftheInternet.→Thefirstthing(that)IhavetodoissurftheInternet.5.省略1.和前面的重复2.大家心知肚明的东西词类的省略例如1.Iboughtabunchofflowersonmywayhomefrommyuncle’s(house/home).例如2.Let’sgotoMcDonald’s(fastfoodrestaurant).例如3.Thegirlswerebrave,buttheboyswerenot(brave).例如4.Cathyateahamburger,andI(ate)Frenchfries.例如5.Youmaygohomenowifyouwantto(gohome).例如6.Whatshesaidmadehimhappy,but(whatshesaidmade)medisappointed.例如7.Ilikeherbetterthan(Ilike)him.Ilikeherbetterthathe(likeher).例如8.Tosomelifeispleasure,toothers(lifeis)suffering.例如9.Heisrich,buthisuncleistwiceasrich(ashe).例如10.Ihadnodifficulty(in)findinghishouse.例如11.(It)Soundsgreat.Smellsgood.例如12.(I)Don’tknowwhattosay.例如13.(He/She)Doesn’tlookverywell.从属子句的主词及主要子句的主词相同时，则省略例如1.When(theywere)inschool,theyweregoodfriends.例如2.When(youare)inRome,doastheRomansdo.例如3.Though(heis)poor,heisanhonestman.例如4.If(meatis)putintherefrigerator,meatwillkeepforaweek.注意：if之后所省略的主词及动词，可能和主要子句不同例如1.Pleasepointoutthemistakesif(thereare)any(mistakes).例如2.I’dliketoseeyouoffif(itis)possible.感叹句中的主词及动词省略例如1.Itiscarelessofyoutoloseyourwallet.→Howcareless(itis)ofyoutoloseyourwallet.例如2.Itisapitythatyoucan’tewithus.→Whatapity(itis)thatyoucan’tewithus.注意：感叹句中的形容词或副词有时可省略例如1.How(hard)itrains/rained!雨下得好大呀!例如2.Whata(wonderful/terrible)day!多棒的一天/多糟糕的一天!关系词的省略例如1.Isthisthekey(which)youarelookingfor?例如2.Ivisitedthevillage(which)myparentswerebornin.Ivisitedthevillage(where)myparentswereborn.例如3.Whatarethelanguages(whichare)spokeninCanada?连接词that的省略连接词连接两个that子句时，第一个子句的that可省，第二个that不可省例如1.Hesaid(that)hisbrotherwasout,butthathissisterwashome.第二个子句离主要子句太远为了避免误会that作为受词的依据不能省略。否则听的人会以为“他说他哥哥不在家，但实际上他姐姐在家,哥哥也肯定在。”例如2.Miketoldhiswife(that)hehadboughtthelotteryandthattheycouldgotoEuropeinthenearfuture.that引导的名词子句，在say,hope,wish,know,explain,believe等动词之后常省略例如1.Mygirlfrienddoesn’tknow(that)I’mgoingtogiveherabigsurprise.例如2.Ibelieve(that)heisagreatscholar.★★★that子句若接在表“建议，要求，命令”等意义的动词之后，that不可省，但句中的should可省,但其后动词仍用原形例如1.IsuggestedthatJack(should)finishtheworkassoonaspossible.例如2.Heinsistedthatthemeeting(should)beadjourned/postponed/putofftilltomorrow.广告，告示，新闻标题等的省略例如1.HOUSEFORSALE房屋出售Thehouseisforsale.例如2.RoadClosed道路封闭Theroadisclosed.例如3.KidnapperArrestedinChicago绑匪在芝加哥被捕。ThekidnapperwasarrestedinChicago.6.插入在句中和句尾,用以补充说明或加强印象字的插入例如1.Hisson,fortunately,wasrescuedfromtheburninghouse.Fortunately,hissonwasrescuedfromtheburninghouse.例如2.Sheis,undoubtedly,anablesecretary.Undoubtedly,sheisanablesecretary.例如3.Shewasverytired,nevertheless,shewenttoworkasusual.连接副词,然而字的插入以不影响句子结构,语句通畅为前提,比如不能破坏wasrescued(bep.p.)短语的插入例如1.Itis,afterall,duetohismisunderstanding.Afterall,itisduetohismisunderstanding.例如2.Clothesinthisboutique,inmyopinion,areoverpriced.例如3.He’srude,badtemperedandconceited—inshort,he’saveryunpleasantman.例如4.Sheseldom,ifever,goestothemoviesbyherself.例如5.Itwascold,andwhatwasworse/tomakematterswor