中美贸易失衡的现状、原因及对策

中文题目：中美贸易失衡的现状、原因及对策CONTENTTOC\o"1-3"\h\uAbstract IntroductionTheUnitedStatesandPeople’sRepublicofChinaarethetwolargesteconomiesthroughouttheworld.TheUSisthelargesttradepartnerofChina,andChinaisthesecondlargesttradingpartneroftheU.S.Sincethe1970s,ChinaandtheUnitedStatessincetheestablishmentofdiplomaticties,bilateraleconomicandtradecooperationhascontinuouslyexpanded.谢芷若,汤春玲.浅析中美贸易战的原因及应对策略[J].全国流通经济,2018,2186(26):21-22.谢芷若,汤春玲.浅析中美贸易战的原因及应对策略[J].全国流通经济,2018,2186(26):21-22.Inrecentyears,bilateraltradebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateshasshownahealthymomentumofdevelopment.TheimpactofChina'seconomicrisenowextendsbeyondthebilateraltotheregionalandglobaleconomies.Therefore,howtocorrectlytreatanddealwiththetradefrictionsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisextremelyimportant.Theissuesstudiedinthispaperareasfollows:thecausesofsino-ustradeimbalance.Intoday'sworldtradepresentsituation,thebilateraltradeingoodsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisgrowingrapidly,astheworld'stwolargesteconomies,thesino-ustradeimbalance,thisnotonlyisbeneficialtopromotethedevelopmentofsino-ustrade,butalsohelppromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheworldeconomicorderandprovideagoodprecedentforothercountries'cooperationmodel.Thispaperfocuseson:Practiceofinternationaltrade,Macroeconomics,IntroductiontothemoderneconomyandotherrelatedprinciplespublishedbyChinaandtheUnitedStates,analyzesthecurrentsituationandcausesofthesino-ustradedeficit.Atthesametime,fromtheperspectiveofinnovationtolookatthissituation,theUnitedStatesandChinabelievethatthemaincauseoftradefrictionimbalance.PengJ.Sino-USTradeFrictionsonNon-AutomaticExportLicensingUndertheWTO[J].SsrnElectronicJournal,2011.PengJ.Sino-USTradeFrictionsonNon-AutomaticExportLicensingUndertheWTO[J].SsrnElectronicJournal,2011.1.CurrentstatusandcharacteristicsofSino-UStradeimbalance1.1ThecurrentstatusofSino-UStradeimbalanceThebilateraltradeingoodsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisenteringastageofexplosivedevelopment.AccordingtostatisticsfromChina'sministryofcommerce,thetotaltradeingoodsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesreached$583.7billionin2017,233timestheamountwhenthetwocountriesestablisheddiplomatictiesin1979andmorethanseventimestheamountwhenChinajoinedtheworldtradeorganizationin2001.TheadjustmentofSino-UStradeimbalanceBasedontheAngleoftheindustrialtransfer[C]//2012年管理与服务科学国际会议(MASS2012).2012.After2011,astheworldeconomygraduallyemergedfromtheshadowofthefinancialcrisis,theproportionofChina'stradesurpluswiththeusintotaltradegraduallydeclined.By2015,ithadfallenaslowas44percent.Sincethen,inthefaceofthetrendofglobaleconomicglobalization,theimportanceofChina'stradewiththeUnitedStateshasgraduallyincreased.By2017,theussurplushadclimbedto65percent,addingafull21pointsintwoyears.OnceatradewarbetweenChinaandtheusreallystarts,itcouldbeanunbearableburdenandadjustmentfortheChineseeconomy.InApril2018,theU.S.governmentsaiditwouldimposea25percenttariffonmorethan1,000goodsworth$50billionthatourcountrysendstotheUnitedStates.ThismoveoftheUnitedStatesseriouslyviolatedtherulesoftheWTO,hadahugenegativeimpactontheinternationaltradeenvironment,andseriouslyviolatedChina'slegitimaterightsandinterests,andthreatenedChina'snationalinterests.Chinarespondedwithanti-economicsanctions.TheustradedeficitwithChinahasbeengrowingyearbyyearandremainshigh,makingtheusunilaterallybelievethatitisinaweakposition.However,fromtheperspectiveofinternationaldivisionoflaboranddifferentpositionsofeconomicstrength,theimbalanceofsino-ustradehasitsinevitability.However,theUnitedStatesunilaterallybelievesthatthehugetradedeficitwithChinaiscausedbytheChinesegovernment'smanipulationoftheexchangerateandimplementationofmeasurestoencourageexportsandrestrictimports.Atthesametime,theUnitedStatesaccusesChinaofusingunfaircompetitiveadvantagestoearnahugetradesurplus,whichseriouslyharmstheinterestsoftheAmericanpeople.Atthesametime,theUnitedStatesisthefirstsupporteragainsteconomicglobalization.In2018,theUnitedStateswillwithdrawfromthetrans-pacificpartnershipagreement,withdrawfromtheworldclimateorganization,andevenwanttoleavetheworldtradeorganization.However,theincreasinglyclosetradepartnershipbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates,exportstotheUnitedStatestosupportChina'sincreasinglydifficultforeigntradeindustry,sotheUnitedStatestoimplementaseriesofmeasuresfromChinatoincreasetaxesonimportedgoods,China'sforeigntradeeconomicenvironmentwillfaceunprecedentedchallenges.DatasheetofgoodsexportedtoUSafter20001.2ThecharacteristicsofSino-UStradeimbalanceThecurrentstatusofsino-ustradefrictionscanreflectthegradualimbalanceofsino-ustrade.Thetradeimbalancebetweenthetwocountriesismainlymanifestedinthefollowingaspects:1.2.1ThetotaltradevolumebetweenChinaandAmericakeepsincreasingThetotalvolumeoftradebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisgrowingandtheeconomicandtraderelationsaregettingcloser.SinceChina'saccessiontothewto,theeconomicandtradeexchangesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateshavebeenincreasinglycloseandthetradevolumehasbeenincreasing.WanYY,TangFH.ReasonsofImbalancebetweenMaleandFemaleTeacherinPrimarySchoolandCountermeasures[J].JournalofHunanCityUniversity,2016.WanYY,TangFH.ReasonsofImbalancebetweenMaleandFemaleTeacherinPrimarySchoolandCountermeasures[J].JournalofHunanCityUniversity,2016.Sino-USTradevolumesisconstantlyincreasing1.2.2ThetradedeficitbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisconstantlyincreasingSinceChina'saccessiontotheworldtradeorganization,itstradewiththeUnitedStateshascontinuedtogrow.Accordingtotheusdepartmentofcommerce,thebilateraltradevolumebetweenChinaandtheuswas590.68billionusdollarsin2015,anincreaseof5.1%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,usexportstoChinareached124.2billionusdollars,upby1.9%year-on-year,accountingfor7.6%ofthetotalusexports.Theusimportedus$466.66billionfromChina,up6percentyear-on-yearandaccountingfor19.9percentofthetotalusimports.TheU.S.tradedeficitwas$342.63billion,up7.5percentfrom2014.China'stradesurplusisgrowingeveryyear,andtheUnitedStatesisclearlydependentonChineseimports.ChineseproductsarefavoredbyAmericanconsumersbecauseoftheirrelativepriceadvantageduetotheircostadvantage,whiletheUnitedStatesreliesheavilyonimportsfromChina.Thisproblemdirectlyledtotheunbalanceddevelopmentofsino-ustrade,andatthesametimemaintainedChina'stradesurplus,andthetradesurplusincreasedyearbyyear.ThetradesurplusbetweenChinaandtheusincreasedfromus$28.08billionin2001tous$275.9billionin2017,withacompoundannualgrowthrateof15.3%.Uptonow,thesino-ustradedeficitisstillexpanding.Chun-MingAN.ReasonsoftheSino-USTradeImbalancesandCountermeasures[J].JournalofBeihuaUniversity,2009.China'stradegrowthratehasbeenincreasingyearbyyear1.2.3TradefrictionsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesareescalatingWiththegradualincreaseofthetradedeficitbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates,theUnitedStateshasmaintainedthepassivesituationofthetradedeficitunilaterally,andthenimposedtradesanctionsonChina,leadingtotheincreasinglyserioustradefrictionbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.Inrecentyears,asthetradedeficitbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateshaswidened,ChinahasalsosufferedfromincreasingtradebarriersfromtheUnitedStates.WangD.AnexaminationoftheimpactofYuanappreciationontheSino-U.S.tradeimbalance[J].Dissertations&Theses-Gradworks,2015.WangD.AnexaminationoftheimpactofYuanappreciationontheSino-U.S.tradeimbalance[J].Dissertations&Theses-Gradworks,2015.China’sexporthasexceededimportfordozensyears2.AnalysisofSino-UStradeimbalance2.1Thestatisticalerrorcausesthetradedeficitinaccuracy,andtheUSunilaterallygrosslyoverestimatestheactualdeficitDuetothedifferentstatisticalmethodsadoptedbyChinaandtheUnitedStates,thestatisticsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateshavealwaysbeendifferent.AccordingtoChina'sministryofcommerce,tradebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesreached$558.3billion,$847.56millionin2015,up0.6percentyear-on-year.TheUnitedStatesisChina'ssecondlargesttradingpartner,largestexportmarketandfourthlargestsourceofimports.AccordingtothestatisticsoftheUnitedStates,fromJanuarytoNovember2015,thebilateraltradevolumeofgoodsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesreached569.17billionusdollars,anincreaseof2.4%overthesameperiodlastyear,accountingfor16.2%ofthetotaltradevolumeofgoodsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates,anincreaseof1.2percentagepointsoverthesameperiodlastyear.TheusdataoverestimatethetradedeficitbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesasfollows:Second,whencalculatingusimportsandexportstoChina,exportstendtobecalculatedonanFOBbasis.Inaccordancewithinternationalpractices,importdataareusuallycalculatedonthebasisofCIF.Therefore,whencalculatingthetradedeficit,theuswillincludethecostofhandling,transportationandinsurancethathasdoubledintotheimportdata,whichdeviatesgreatlyfromtheactualdata.AccordingtothestatisticsofChinaandtheUnitedStatesoverthepastfiveyears,itcanbeconcludedthatthetradebalancebetweenthetwosidesisrelativelylarge,andthecurrentstatisticalmethodadoptedbytheUnitedStatesseriouslyoverestimatestheactualdeficit.谢芷若,汤春玲.浅析中美贸易战的原因及应对策略[J].全国流通经济,2018,2186(26):21-22.2.2ThetwocountrieshavedifferentinternationaldivisionsoflaboranddifferenttradestructuresAccordingtoclassicaleconomistDavidRicardo'sfreetradetheory,allpartiesbenefitfromthetradeprocess,butthisisnotthecasebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.Chinahasacomparativeadvantageinlabor-intensiveproducts,whiletheUnitedStateshasacomparativeadvantageintechnology-intensiveproducts.Intheactualtradeprocess,whentheUnitedStatesfreelyimportslabor-intensiveproductsfromChina,theUnitedStatessetsmanystrictmonopolycontrolsontheexportoftechnology-intensiveproductsfromitsdomesticenterprisestoChina,whichwillleadtothelimitationofitscomparativeadvantageintradewithChina.WiththecomingofthebottleneckofAmericaneconomicdevelopmentandtheneedofupgradingitsindustrialstructure,Americanenterpriseshavetransferredthelabor-intensiveprocessingindustrytoChinainalargescaleinrecentyears,graduallyformingthecomplementarytradestructurebetweenthetwosides.Becauseofthisstrongcomplementarity,bilateraltradehasbeengrowingrapidly.Increasedtradeisusuallygoodforbothcountries,butfrictionisinevitable.Atthesametime,thetradeimbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateshasbecomeincreasinglyprominent.2.3ChinaandtheUnitedStateshavedifferentresourceendowmentsandnationalconditionsChinaandtheUnitedStateshavedifferenthistories,culturesandsocialsystems,aswellasdifferentpoliticalandeconomicenvironments.Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountrywithalargepopulation,vastterritoryandabundantresources,andthecostofhumanresourcesisrelativelylow.Sincethereformandopeningup,Chinahaslargelyabsorbedtheindustrialtransferofforeignenterprisesonthebasisoflowlaborcosts,furtherpromotingthedevelopmentofforeigntrade.Atthesametime,theUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountrywithabundantcapitalandhighlaborcost,anditisintheforefrontoftheworldinhigh-techdevelopment.First,intermsoftradestructure,accordingtothetheoryofcomparativeadvantageandthetheoryoffactorendowment,Chinashouldproduceandexportlabor-intensiveproductsandimportcapital-intensiveandtechnology-intensiveproducts,whiletheUnitedStatesistheopposite.Atpresent,thecomplementarityofsino-ustradestructurehaspenetratedintotheeconomicandtradestructureofthetwocountries.China'scommodityexportproductsaremainlyagriculturalproductsandlighttextiles,whiletheproportionofheavychemicalproductsislow,whiletheimportstructureisheavychemicalproducts,especiallymachineryandelectricalequipment.Fordecades,America'scommoditystructurehasbeendominatedbymanufacturedgoods,particularlyknowledge-intensiveandhigh-value-addedgoods,whileimportshavebeendominatedbyagriculturalandlightindustrialproducts.Especiallyinthepastfewdecades,thistradepatternbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateshascreatedcomplementaryadvantagesintraderesources,whichhasindeedbroughtsubstantialdevelopmenttotheimprovementoftheeconomicandtradestructureofbothsides.Second,inthemacroeconomy,theushasthehighestrateofconsumptionandalowdomesticsavingsrate.Thelevelofdomesticsavingsandinvestmentisalsoakeyfactoraffectingthetradebalance.Thereasonforthelargeustradedeficitisalsoattributedtothelowsavingsrateandhighconsumptionrateintheus.Thesino-ustradedeficitisonlyonecomponentofthetotalustradedeficit,whichisalsotheinevitableresultofaggregatedomesticdemandexceedingtotalsupply.ItcanbeseenthatthetradebalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisrelatedtothedomesticmacroeconomicsituation,whichisactuallyamacroeconomicimbalanceproblem,notabilateraltradeproblem.2.4DomesticdemandisinsufficientandthedomesticeconomyisexcessivelydependentonexportsChina'sinsufficientdomesticdemandandunbalancedeconomicdevelopmenthaveledtoasurplusofdomesticsavings,andthedomesticeconomictransformationdependsonexternalexports.TheChinesehaveatraditionofthrift,leadingtoasurplusofdomesticsavingsandalowrateofconsumptionthatleadstoinsufficientdomesticdemandandanover-relianceonexports.Accordingtodataprovidedbytheministryofcommerce,China'sexportdependencerateisabout32.5%in2018,anditsforeigntrade(importandexport)dependencerateisabout58.3%,whichismuchhigherthanthatofsomedevelopedeconomiesintheworld.Japan'sdependenceonexportswasjust15.6percentin2017,accordingtothedata.Therefore,China'seconomyhasadeepstructuralproblemofover-relianceonexports,whichindirectlyleadstothetradeimbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.2.5ThetransferofindustrialvalueinthecontextofglobalizationobjectivelyincreasesthetradedeficitSincetheimplementationofChina'sreformandopeninguppolicy,Chinahasabsorbedalargenumberofindustrialtransfersfromforeignenterprisesonthebasisoflowlaborcosts.Asaresult,theglobalmanufacturingindustryhasgraduallytransferredtoChina,andChinahasgainedthereputationof"worldfactory".Atthesametime,fromtheperspectiveofglobalindustrialchain,theUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountrywithabundantcapitalandhighlaborcost,anditisintheforefrontoftheworldinhigh-techdevelopment.TheUnitedStatesisatthetopofthevaluechain,mainlyengagedinsales,researchanddevelopment,services,etc.,whileChinaisatthebottomoftheindustrialchain,mainlyresponsibleforbasicprocessingandassembly.TheUnitedStatesleadstheworldintermsofoutboundinvestmentbyitscompanies.OverseasinvestmentnotonlybringshugebenefitstotheUnitedStates,butthetradetransferofmultinationalcorporationsalsobringshugetradedeficittotheUnitedStates.Inrecentyears,manyAmericancompanieshaveshiftedproductiontoChina,wherelaborcostsarerelativelylow,andreturnedmanufacturedgoodstotheUnitedStates.AccordingtoChina'scustomsstatisticsshowthattheamountofrelatedtradeifnotincludedinthemultinationalcompanies,theU.S.tradedeficitwithChinawillfallbyabout30%,ifnotinthesurplus,theamountofforeigninvestmententerprisesinChinatheus-chinatradedeficitwillbereduced73%,atthesametime,ifafterdeductingtheprocessingtradesurplus,ChinaandtheUnitedStatestradedeficitwillbereducedby91%.Thus,theindustrialtransferfromtheUnitedStatestoChinaisalsothemainreasonfortheincreaseoftheus-chinatradedeficit.HuiXF,MengC.CorrelationanalysisofU.S.privateconsumptionandtheSino-UStradesurplus[C]//InternationalConferenceonManagementScience&Engineering.2013.Therefore,theeconomicandtradeimbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisnotthecauseofsomeunilateralunderstanding,whichiscloselyrelatedtotheirrespectiveresourceendowment,politicalandeconomicenvironment,nationalconditionsandthedivisionoflaborintheglobaleconomy.Thecountermeasureanalysisofimprovingsino-ustradeimbalanceTheanalysisofthereasonsforthetradeimbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesshowsthatChinadoesnotdeliberatelypursuetradesurplus,andthetradeimbalancealsoaffectsChina'sowncurrencydevaluationandinflation.Atpresent,Chinaisalsocommittedtooptimizingitsindustrialstructure,expandingoutwardinvestmentbyenterprisesandseekinggreaterdevelopmentspaceintheworld.ThispaperbelievesthatthefollowingfivepointscanbemainlyusedtosolvethetradeimbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates:3.1IncreasedomesticdemandandstimulatetheconsumptionofimportedgoodsChinaisacountrywithmoresavingsthaninvestment,along-termtradesurplusandlargeforeignexchangereserves.Domesticdemandisoneofthethreeimportantfactorstopromoteeconomicdevelopment.AlackofdomesticdemandhasledtoanacuteproblemofindustrialovercapacityinChina,whichhasalsoledChinesecompaniestoseekexportchannelstooffsetexcessdomesticcapacity.Asaresult,China'seconomicstructurealsohasahighdegreeofexternaldependence.Vigorouslydevelopdomesticdemand,reducethedegreeofdependenceonforeigntrade,whichisthekeytoimproveChina'stradesurplus,butalsothemosteffectiveway.Inrecentyears,therelevantdepartmentswillgreatlyincreasetheimportoftheUnitedStatesbyexpandingdomesticdemandandpromotingimportpolicies.ConsideringtheactualsituationofChinaandtheUnitedStates,ChinacanincreaseimportsofagriculturalproductsormechanicalandelectricalproductsfromtheUnitedStatestoimprovethelevelofChina'sagriculturalscienceandtechnologydevelopment,whichcanalsoeasethetradeimbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates,andhelpoptimizethedomesticeconomicstructure.3.2ImprovethepolicyenvironmentforSino-UStrade,guidedomesticinvestmentinarationalway,andconstantlyincreaseoutboundinvestmentFirstofall,vigorouslypromotingtheoverseasdevelopmentofexcellentdomesticenterprisesisaneffectivemeanstoeasethesino-ustradeimbalanceandsolvethesino-ustradefriction.Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasissuedaseriesofoverseasbusinesspoliciesandoptimizedtheoverseasinvestmentenvironmentthroughdiplomaticmeans,whichhaseffectivelypromotedtheoverseasbusinessdevelopmentofexcellentlocalenterprises.IncreasingdirectoverseasinvestmentindevelopedcountriescannotonlyeffectivelyavoidthetradebarriersandtechnologymonopolyoftheUnitedStatesandgreatlyreducethetradeimbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates,butalsomoreeffectivelyintroduceadvancedtechnologyandmanagementexperienceofdevelopedcountriesthroughinvestmentandplantconstruction,thusimprovingthecomprehensivecompetitivenessofChineseenterprises.Byenhancingthestrengthofenterprisesandtheglobalizationoftheoperatingsystemofproductionenterprises,wewillimproveandenhanceChina'sterminalpositionintheinternationaldivisionoflabor,thuschangingthecurrentsituationoftraderelyingontheexportofalargenumberofmanufacturedgoodstowinthesurplus,andimprovingthecurrentsituationoftradeimbalancebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.ItisalsooneofthemajormeasurestooptimizetheforeigninvestmentenvironmentinChinatocontinuouslyoptimizetheforeigninvestmentenvironmentthroughpoliciesandestablishthenegativelistsystemasthecoretopromotethefreedomofforeigninvestment.Accordingtothe2018freetradeareaoftheforeigninvestmentaccessnegativelisting,thusnegativelistingrestrictionstocutnearlyaquarterofthefinancial,telecommunications,transportation,oil,andotherareasofthetwenty-twoeasedaccesstoforeigncapitalrestrictions,negativelistinginthefieldofculture,resourcesandseedindustryinafreetradeareaopenstillwidertotheoutsideworld,providesamorespaciousspaceforinvestmentforforeigninvestors.3.3EffortsshouldbemadetosolvetheproblemofintellectualpropertyrightsChinaandtheUnitedStateshavefacedmanystormsinthefieldofintellectualproperty.TheUnitedStateshasrepeatedlyproposedsection301sanctionsagainstChina.Atpresent,Chinahasorganized500,000peopletocarryoutiprprotectionandlawenforcement.However,asadevelopingcountry,ChinacannotreachthelevelofprotectionenjoyedbytheUnitedStatesinashorttime,andcanonlyfollowthenormsandpracticesofmostcountriesintheworldforprotection.Withoutimprovingtheabilitytoeffectivelyprotectintellectualpropertyrights,ChinaandtheUnitedStateswillfacelong-termconflictsandconflictsoverintellectualpropertyrights.3.4Openuptwo-waymarketsTheChinesegovernmenthasbeencommittedtonarrowthetradedeficitbetweenthetwocountries,expandopeningtotheoutsideofthefaith,constantlyoptimizetheenvironmentofforeigninvestmentatthesametime,introducedaseriesofconvenientinvestmentpolicy,furtherrelaxmarketaccess,andnodoubtthatthesemeasureswillhelpexpandmutuallybeneficialtradeandeconomiccooperationofChinaandtheUnitedStatesopenupavastspacefordevelopment.Sincethe100-dayplan,Chinahasopeneditsdoorstousproductssuchasautomobiles,naturalgasandcorn.InNovember2018,theUSPresidentvisitedChinatosigntheus$250billionexportbill,andPresidentxiattendedthesigningceremonyinperson.Atthebeginningofthisyear,Chinaannouncedasignificantreductioninimporttariffsonautomobiles,stimulatingthedevelopmentofthedomesticautomobilemarket.ItisestimatedthatChina'simportswilltotal$8trillionoverthenextfiveyears.IbelieveAmericancompanieswillseizethisopportunitytobringmoreproductstoChina.薛薇,刘志芳,李心婓.由特朗普税改及影响看中国税制——从科技创新的视角[J].中国科技论坛,2019(1):170-180.3.5StrengthentradeconsultationswiththeUnitedStatesandenhancebusinessmutualtrustbetweenthetwocountriesChinaneedstostrengthendialogueandcommunicationwiththeUnitedStatestoadoptthecorrecttradestrategytosolvetradedisputesinthenegotiations.WiththecontinuousdevelopmentofSino-USeconomicandtraderelationsandthecontinuousincreaseofbilateraltradevolume,itisnecessarytoclearlyrecognizethatSino-USeconomicandtradefrictionisanormalphenomenon.ChinaandtheUnitedStatesshouldproperlyresolvetheirtradedifferencesontheprincipleofequalconsultation.Atthesametime,throughtheestablishmentofhigh-levelvisits,strengthenbilateralconsultationsandothermechanisms,strengthencommunicationandresolverelevantissuesthroughconsultation.InFebruary2019,ChinesevicepremierliuheledadelegationtoWashingtonandisactivelyseekingsolutions.Chinaattachesgreatimportancetotheroleofusinterestgroupsinhandlingtradeissueswiththeus.ThereisnodoubtthatChinahasalwaysmaintainedtheutmostsincerityandgoodwillinSino-UStradenegotiations,butatthesametimeithasitsownfirmprincipledposition.Frommarchthisyearjusttheendofthe"twosessions"canbeclearthatChinawillcontinuetodeepenthesupplysideofthestructuralreform,theChinesegovernmenthasbeencommittedtonarrowthetradedeficitbetweenthetwocountries,expandopeningtotheoutsideofthefaith,constantlyoptimizetheenvironmentofforeigninvestmentatthesametime,introducedaseriesofconvenientinvestmentpolicy,furtherrelaxmarketaccess,thesemeasureswouldbeforChinaandtheothercountries,includingtheUnitedStates,expandmutuallybeneficialeconomicandtradecooperationtoprovidemorevastspacefordevelopment.China'seffortstorevitalizeitselfwhilemaintainingthedirectionofcooperationalsopresentgreatcooperationopportunitiesforothercountries,suchastheUnitedStates.ConclusionAtpresent,Chinawillcomprehensivelydeepensupply-sidestructuralreformanditsdomesticeconomyisinacriticalperiodofindustrialtransformationandupgrading,whil