江苏省南京师大附中2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷

江苏省南京师大附中2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解AvisittoAntarcticaismuchmorethanaholiday.Remoteandundamaged,anyjourneythereisauniqueadventureyou’llfindnowhereelseonearth.AsyoucruiseinstyleaboardDiscovery,youwillgazeuponmajestic,icypeaks,gianticebergsanddiversewildlifethatincludeswhales,seals,penguinsandbirds.Youwillsailthroughglassybaysandhavetheopportunity,weatherpermitting,tosetfootonAntarctica’sshoresandvolcanicbeaches.Onallcruises,youwillgetasclosetonatureasyouwouldonsmallerships,whileenjoyingahigherclassofDiscovery’s4-starcomforts.ExcitingcruisesaboardDiscoveryNosinglesupplementoncabinsVoyagetoAntarctica20Days,departing16November2023FromLisbonacrosstheAtlanticOceantoBuenosAireswithstopsinexoticsettingslikeFunchal,RiodeJaneiroandUshuaiaNowfrom£3575Antarctica,Chile&Patagonia18Days,departing16December2023FromBuenosAiressailtoAntarcticaanddeparttheshipinSantiagoNowfrom£3145Note:somesailingsmightbeinreverse,fromSantiagotoBuenosAiresCapetoCape23Days,departing7February2023LeavefromBuenosAiresandsailaroundCapeHorn,visitAntarcticaandmakeyourwaytoCapeTown,SouthAfricaNowfrom£2995What’sincluded:●Allmeals,entertainmentandtipsonboard.Returnflightsto/fromUK.Overseastransfersbetweenairports,hotelsandship.HotelstaysinBuenosAiresandSantiago.Informativelectureprogramme,Landingsashoreandsmallboatsightseeing.●PLUS—Saveanextra£500percoupleonearlybookingsbeforeSeptember2023.ThepriorityofthecruisesistoprovideyouwithopportunitiestolearnaboutAntarctica’sfragileecosystem.LecturesgivenbyDr.PeterCareyandhisteamwillbringAntarcticatolife.Theywillaccompanyyouonyourlandingsashoreandonsmallboatfieldtrips（dependingoniceandweatherconditions）.1．WhatactivityisincludedonDiscoverycruises?A．Campingonthevolcanicbeaches.B．Interactingwithsealsandpenguinsifpossible.C．Swimmingthroughthewatersfilledwithicebergs.D．SettingfootonAntarctica’sshoresiftheweatherallows.2．Whichmonth’scruiseplanoffersthepossibilityofsailingintheoppositeway?A．February. B．December. C．November. D．September.3．AmajorfocusofDiscoverycruisesis________.A．extendingluxuryhotelstays B．smallboatsightseeingandlandingashoreC．learningabouttheenvironmentofAntarctica D．providingfreemealsandentertainmentonboard“Thinkdifferent.”—Apple“Theonlythingworsethanbeingtalkedaboutisnotbeingtalkedabout.”—OscarWildeApple’stwo-wordsloganandOscarWilde’switareexamplesofmicrostyle,theartofcreatingshortmessagesthatgrabattention,communicateinstantly,stickinthemind,androlloffthetongue.Weallneedmicrostyleinthisageofsocialmedia.TwitterandFacebookprovideanopportunitytousewritingineverydaylife.However,todayreadershavetoomuchtoabsorb,andknowinghowtowriteshort,powerfulmessagesisoneofthemostimportantwritingskillsinthe21stcentury.Herearesometechniquesforgettingnoticed.HelppeoplefindmeaningThemeaningsofwordsaretheresultofbackgroundknowledge,associationsandassumptionsthatlinguistCharlesFillmorecalled“frames”.Communicatingwellislargelyamatterofsuccessfulframing.ConsiderthesloganofLilipit,whichmakeseducationalsoftwareforchildren:“Feedingcuriositydaily”.Theword“education”isavoidedbecauseitproducesadryteachingortrainingcontext,but“curiosity”madethesoftwareintosomethingpeoplewouldwanttouse.Thatisanexampleofgreatframing.Framingalsousesmetaphor,whichcanmakecomplexmeaningsimmediatelyaccessible.ConsiderthewaythenameTwitter,forexample,usesthesimplenotionofbirdschatteringtogiveasenseofwhatthismulti-vocalcommunicationplatformisallabout.MakeitsingPeopleremembershortmessagesbytheirsounds.Poetsknowthis,ofcourse,asdoadvertisers.Namesandslogansmakeuseofrhythmandrhyme.TheclassicHallmarkslogan,“Whenyoucareenoughtosendtheverybest”usesthesamerhythmfoundinShakespeare’sblankverse.Rhymebrightenssloganssuchas“Must-seeTV”andnamessuchas7-Eleven.Specificsoundscangowellwiththemeaningsofthemessages.Makersofbeautyproducts,suchasChanel,AvonandL’Oreal,havenameswith“soft”sounds.However,acompanysuchasBlackandDecker,whichmakestools,hasanamewithaforcefulrhythmand“hard”consonants.BecreativeSometimesamessagewillgetthepowerfromthewayittoyswiththeoldandfamiliar.Afterthecrisisof2019afinancecompanyusedtheslogan,“Weturnthefinancialworldrightsideup”.Thisreversedtheusualexpression“toturnsomethingupsidedown”.Sotomakepeopleunderstandyourpoint,youdonot________.Afewwords,cleverlychosen,willdothejobforyou.4．Basedonthetext,microstylemessagesare________.A．easytoignore B．hardtopronounceC．easytoremember D．hardtounderstand5．Fillmore’s“frames”indicatethatwords________.A．meanonlyonething B．havemeaningsthatneverchangeC．havefairlyobviousmeanings D．dependonexperiencefortheirmeaning6．Accordingtothetext,whichstatementisTRUE?A．Thesocialmediaaskpeopletowriteshortmessages.B．Thename“7-eleven”usesnumberstograbattention.C．Twitteremphasizesthesoundsbirdsusetocommunicate.D．BlackandDeckerusesstrongrhythmtogowellwithitsproducts.7．Whichofthefollowinggoesinthegapinthelastparagraph?A．havetobreakaroutine B．havetouselotsofwordsC．needtochoosetherightidea D．needtoemploytheproperwritingstrategiesPlayinginabiginternationalorchestraisoneoflife’smostexcitingexperiences,yetitisalsoaverytoughjob.Playersarepartofateamofeightyormoremusiciansplayingsomeoftheworld’sgreatestmusic.Theyworkverylonghours—turningupearlyforrehearsals(排练)ondark,cold,winter’smorningsinachilly,emptyhall;workingtilllateintheeveningonthenightofaconcert;travellingatallhoursofthedayandnight;eatingandsleepingwhentheycan;tryingtoplaywellwhentheyaretiredorhungryorhaveaheadache.There’snotmuchtimeleftforfamilyorfriends.Infact,theirfamilyistherestoftheorchestra.Themusicianssharethequickpaceandtheworries,buttheyalsosharethewonderfulmomentswhentheyareallplayingtogetherandfeelontopoftheworld.Muchofanorchestra’stimeisspentinrehearsal.Theplayersmayalreadyknowthemusicbyheart,buteveryconductorhashisorherownideasabouthowapieceofmusicshouldbeplayed.Someconductorsliketogothroughapieceofmusicbarbybar,stoppingtheorchestraeachtimetheywanttomakeacomment.Othersletanorchestraplayforlongstretchesatatime,thengobacktoaparticularpointtheywanttorehearseagain.Whatevertheconductor’smethod,itisimportantthatthemusiciansarehappywithit.Iftheplayersdon’tliketheconductor,theycanbecomeverydifficult,interruptingthesessionwithquestionsorcomplaints.Atonetimeconductors,suchasToscanini,usedtogetsuchfineperformancesoutofanorchestrabyshoutingatthemusiciansandalmostfrighteningthemintoplayingwell.Thatsortofbehaviorwouldnotworkwithmostorchestrastoday.Afterall,orchestralmusiciansarehighlytrainedandexperiencedpeopleandtheyshouldbetreatedwithrespect.Ifarehearsalisheldinthemorningofaconcert,everybodywillbeincasualclothesinthemorningbutintheeveningtheywillchangeintoformaldress.Mostwillarriveatleastanhourearlytounpackandinspecttheirinstruments—violiniststochecktheirstringsandbow,woodwindplayerstochecktheirreeds,andeveryonetorunoveranydifficultpassagesofmusic.Musicians,likeactors,areawareoftheaudience;theynoticewhethertheaudienceisagoodoneornot.Agoodaudiencewilllistenandrespondtothemusic,whereasadifficultaudiencecoughsandfidgetsthroughouttheperformance.Aboveall,themusiciansarealsoawareofwhethertheyareplayingwell,notjustindividuallybutasateam.Knowingtheyaregivingagoodperformancemakesallthedifferenceattheendofalong,hardday.8．Playinginalargeorchestraisatoughjobmainlybecause________.A．membersgetsickfromtimetotime B．rehearsalsrequirepainstakingeffortsC．thecompetitionamongmembersisfierce D．familygatheringsoccupytoomuchtime9．Aneffectiveconductorisonewho________.A．receivestheplayers’approval B．forcestheteamtoplaywellC．explainseverythingtotheplayers D．allowsnointerruptionorcomplaints10．Orchestralplayersfeelthegreatestsenseofachievementwhen________.A．theconductortreatsthemwithrespectinrehearsalsB．theychangeintoformaldressbeforeaconcertC．theaudiencelistensandrespondstotheirmusicD．theycooperatewellasateamintheperformance11．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Musicmakesadifferencetotheworld.B．Rehearsalsareimportanttomusicians.C．Theconductordeterminesthesuccessofaconcert.D．Musicianshaveademandingyetrewardingcareer.Wikipedia(维基百科),oneofthelastremainingpillarsoftheopenandfreeweb,isinexistentialcrisis.Thetrendtowardsrationality(理性)wasendangeredlongbeforethebirthoftheWorldWideWeb.AsNeilPostmannotedinhis1985bookAmusingOurselvestoDeath,theriseoftelevisionintroducednotjustanewmediumbutanewatmosphere:agradualshiftfromatypographic(印刷的)culturetoaphotographicone,whichinturnmeantashiftfromrationalitytoemotions,opinionstoentertainment.Inanimage-centeredandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisnoplaceforthinking,becauseyousimplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto“uncoverliesandconfusions,andtodetectabusesoflogicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontraststatements,toconnectonegeneralizationtoanother.”Thedominanceoftelevisionwasnotcontainedtoourlivingrooms.Itoverturnedallofthosehabitsofmind,fundamentallychangingourexperienceoftheworld,affectingpolitics,religion,business,andculture.Itreducedmanyaspectsofmodernlifetoentertainmentandcommerce.“Americansdon’ttalktoeachother;weentertaineachother,”Postmanwrote.“Theydon’texchangeideas;theyexchangeimages.Theydonotarguewithpropositions;theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials.”Atfirst,thewebseemedtopushagainstthistrend.Whenitemergedtowardsthelate1980sasapurelytext-basedmedium,itwasseenasatooltopursueknowledge,notpleasure.Reasonandthoughtweremostvaluedinthisgarden.Universitieswereamongthefirsttoconnecttothisnewmedium,hostingdiscussiongroups,informativeblogs,electronicmagazines,andacademicforums.Itwasanintellectualproject,notaboutcommerceorcontrol,createdinascientificresearchcenterinSwitzerland.Wikipediawasafruitofthisgarden.SowasGooglesearchanditstext-basedadvertisingmodel.Andsowereblogs,whichvaluedtext,hyperlinks,knowledge,andliterature.Andformorethanadecade,thewebcreatedanalternativespacethatthreatenedtelevision’spoweroversociety.Socialnetworks,though,havesincecolonizedthewebfortelevision’svalues.FromFacebooktoInstagram,themediumrefocusesourattentiononvideosandimages,rewardingemotionalappeals—“like”buttonsoverrationalones.Insteadofsearchingforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesspassionforinstantapprovalfromanaudience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.Itreducesourcuriositybyshowingusexactlywhatwealreadywantandthink,basedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment’smotto(座右铭)of“Daretoknow”hasbecome“Darenottocaretoknow.”NowthechallengeistosaveWikipediaanditspromiseofafreeandopencollectionofallhumanknowledgeamongtheconquestofsocialmedia—howtocollectandpreserveknowledgewhennobodycarestoknow.WeneedtounderstandthatthedeclineofthewebandtherebyoftheWikipediaispartofamuchlargercivilizationalshiftwhichhasjuststartedtounfold.12．AccordingtoNeilPostman,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Televisionstartedarevolutioninphotographictechnology.B．Textshelppeoplethinkcriticallytomakejudgements.C．Imagesgivepeoplemorechancestocommunicatedeeper.D．Thewebwasmeanttoserveasanentertainmentplatform.13．Theunderlinedword“propositions”inparagraph4probablymeans“________”.A．experiences B．appearances C．opinions D．consequences14．Whatcanweinferabouttheinfluenceofsocialmediafromtheunderlinedsentence?A．Weareconstantlydistractedandcan’tfocusforlong.B．Wearewellkeptupdatedwiththelatestinformation.C．Wehavebecomemorecuriousabouttheoutsideworld.D．Wehavebecomeuninterestedinintellectualpursuits.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．TheDeclineofTelevisionB．ThePowerofSocialMediaC．WhyWeAmuseOurselvestoDeathD．HowSocialMediaEndangersKnowledgeSpottingAIartmistakesArtificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenincreasinglygoodatfoolingpeople.SeveralphotosshowingformerUSpresidentDonaldTrumpbeingaggressivelyarrestedbypolicehavecaughtpeople’sattention.Theywerefakebutveryconvincing.CreatedbytheAIprogramMidjourney,thephotoswerehighlyrealistic,fromthecharacters’movementstothesurroundings.16TheWashingtonPost’stechnologywriterShiraOvidesharedhertips.Themainideaistospottheglitches-anythingthatwouldlookstrangeinaphoto.17Itsometimescancreatehandswithmorethanfivefingers.ThisisbecauseAIisn’tsurewhata“hand”exactlyis,accordingtoPopularScience.ThedataAlusestolearnoftenshowhandsandfingersindifferentkindsofgestures,whichcanbeveryconfusingforAI.AI-generatedimagesalsousuallycontaindetailsthatcontradictreality.18Tospotthis,focusonsmallitemswhichareeasytoignore.Andifthere’satextinanimage,suchasanewspaperorposter,it’susuallygarbled(篡改的),eventhoughthetextmaylookrealisticfromadistance.AnotherthingAIisterribleathandlingisthebackground.Ifthere’sacrowdintheimage,people’sfacesinthebackgroundareusuallyunclear.19ThedevelopmentofAI-generatedartalsoraisesalarmbellsabouthowthesefakeimagescouldbeusedtospreadmisinformation.20JamieCohen,adigitalcultureandAIexpertintheUS,arguedthatgeneratinganAIartworkisto“createreality”.Headdedthatbeingabletotellwhethertheworkisrealornotrequireshighmedialiteracyskills.“Theworldmaynotbereadyforhowrealistictheimageshavebecome,”ShaneKittelson,aUSresearcher,toldTheWashingtonPost.A．Sometimesevenworse,theydon’thavefacesatall!B．Alsoftwarehasahistoryofgeneratinghumanhandsincorrectly.C．Expertsareconcernedthatmisinformationmayhitanall-timehigh.D．Al-generatedartraisestrickyquestionsaboutcopyrightandsecurity.E．However,manydetailscangiveawaythefactthattheyaremadebyAI.F．Forexample,earringsoronepartofpeople’ssunglassesmaybemissinginanimage.G．Searchingimagesalsoprovidesclues—ifnooriginalphotocomesup,itislikelytobefake.二、完形填空IwasbornandraisedintheNetherlands,andIhadalwayslivedthereuntilIwas30yearsold.IntheDutch21,Iwassociableandintelligent.Anditneveroccurredtomethatthiscouldbedifferentinanotherculture.22,thefirsttimeImovedtotheUS,Ifeltemotionallyoutof23onmanyoccasions.Iwantto24thiswiththreetruestories.AtthestartofmystayattheUniversityofMichigan,oneprofessoraskedmetojoinaseminaronemotions.Iintroducedmyselfinan25wayas“interestedincultureandemotion.”Theprofessorthenaddedmyself-introductionto26Americanstandards,sayingthatIwasoneoftheworld’sexpertsonthetopic.Inresponse,Ilookeddownin27,thinking“expert”wasabigword.WelivedinNorthCarolinaandhadfriendscomingovertodinner.Conversationswerelivelyandtherewasalotofsharing.Whenmyguestsleft,theythankedmefordinner.Myheart28,because“thankingfordinner”intheNetherlandsmeansthattherelationshipisdistant.Iwroteonmystudent’spaperthatpartofherpaperwas“boring”,thenItoldmyundergraduatestudentsatmyU.S.universitythattheyshouldreflectbetterand29morereadings.Intheirteaching30,studentswrotethatIwas“rude”.NoonewouldsuggesttheNetherlandsandtheU.S.aredramaticallydifferentcultures.Theprofessormeanttomakemefeelgood,butinsteadmademe31.Myfriendsmeanttoshow32,butIthoughttheyweredistancingthemselvesfromus.Imeanttogivemystudentsthecommentstowhichtheywere33,buttheyfeltitwasrude.Wherediditgowrong?Wethinkemotionsarefeelingsdeepinsideus,but34,wealwayshaveouremotionsininteractionswithothers.Ouremotionsarenot35mentalfeelings,butdeeplyrootedintheculturewhereweareraised.21．A．content B．context C．contact D．contract22．A．Therefore B．Instead C．However D．Moreover23．A．shape B．place C．order D．sight24．A．generate B．appreciate C．dominate D．illustrate25．A．over-reacted B．over-estimated C．under-developed D．under-stated26．A．fit B．bend C．lower D．set27．A．disappointment B．amazement C．embarrassment D．excitement28．A．raced B．melted C．ached D．sank29．A．contributeto B．referto C．adaptto D．appealto30．A．evaluations B．predictions C．compositions D．preparations31．A．uncomfortable B．unconfident C．unconstrained D．unforgiving32．A．respect B．curiosity C．concern D．gratitude33．A．addicted B．entitled C．compared D．attached34．A．intotal B．inadvance C．inreality D．indetail35．A．mostly B．merely C．rarely D．nearly三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。VanGoghistodayoneofthemostpopularofthePost-impressionistpainters.36hewasnotwidelyappreciatedduringhislifetime,heisnowwell-knownforthegreatvitalityofhisworkswhicharecharacterizedbyexpressiveuseofbrilliantcolourandenergetic37(apply)ofpaint.Thesevereemotionalshockandpainofhislife,38(record)inhisletters,havetendedtodominateanddistortmodernperceptionsofhisart.VanGoghwasborninHolland,thesonofapreacher;hetravelledtoLondonin1873,andfirstvisitedParisin1874.Overthenextdecadehewasemployedin39(vary)ways,includingasalaypreacher.By1883he40(start)painting,andin1885-1886heattendedtheacademyinAntwerpwherehe41(impress)byJapaneseprintsandbytheworksofRubens.OnhisreturntoParisin1886hemetartistssuchasDegas,GauguinandSeurat,andasaresultlightenedthecoloursheused.In1888VanGoghsettledinArlesinProvence,42hewasvisitedbyGauguinandpaintedhisnowfamousseries43“Sunflowers”.In44followingyearanervousbreakdownbroughthimtoahospitalatStRemy.Itwasatthisperiod45hepainted“AWheatfield,withCypresses”.In1890,sufferingfromanewboutofdepression,heshothimselfinthechestanddiedtwodayslater.46．ThereisstillsomedoubtthesportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschoolnextFridaybecauseofthepossiblerain.（用适当的词填空）47．Asthecityexpands,dozensofmodernbuildingshavebeensetupinwasawastelandtenyearsago.（用适当的词填空）48．Thelatestnewsreportedhowthewomanwassavedbythefirefightersandshewascurrentlyrecoveringinthehospital.（用适当的词填空）49．Youthinkthatyourparentsdon’tcareaboutyouatall.That’syouarewrong.（用适当的词填空）50．IloveditmygrandmotherstrokedmyheadandsangalullabytomewhenIwasalittlechild.（用适当的词填空）51．Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.(用适当的词填空)52．Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofitusedtocharge.（用单词适当形式填空）53．AsarepresentativeintheUnitedNations,yousaythingsisasimportantaswhatyousayandwhenyousaythem.(用适当的词填空)54．Manygraduatesmistakenlyapplyforjobstheyareobviouslynotqualifiedfor,leavingthemconfusedaboutthey’renotgettinginterviews.（用适当的词填空）55．Itwasuncertainconsequencesthestormwouldbringabout,althoughtheweatherforecastreportedthatitcouldbereallydestructive.（用适当的词填空）56．Withhiseyes(fix)onthescreen,hepaidnoattentiontothingshappeningaroundhim.（所给词的适当形式填空）57．Thereisnopoint(complain)abouteverything.You’dbetterchangeyourattitudetowardslife.（所给词的适当形式填空）58．Mr.Greenstoodupindefenseoftheboy,sayingthathewasnottheone(blame)fortheaccident.（所给词的适当形式填空）59．(notfinish)herworkthismorning,shehadtocancelherappointmentwithherfriends.（所给词的适当形式填空）60．Standingonthetopofthemountainisanancienttower（date）backtotwohundredyearsago．61．Theladywasmovedbythestory,tears(roll)downherface.（所给词的适当形式填空）62．Inordertoavoid(catch)forviolatingvisaconditions,manyforeigndriversuseotherpeople’saccounts.（所给词的适当形式填空）63．(judge)fromherclothes,she’sprettyrichandwell-educated.（所给词的适当形式填空）64．Thepresidentisscheduledtoattendthemeeting(hold)nextmonth.（所给词的适当形式填空）65．(absorb)intheirgame,thechildrenskippedtheirlunchanddidn’tfeelhungryatall.（所给词的适当形式填空）四、单词拼写66．ThestudyitheimpactofviolentTVprogramsonchildrenandfoundthatitincreasedthelikelihoodofaggressivebehavior.（根据首字母单词拼写）67．Adele’slatestalbum,whichwasjustrlastweek,becameaninstanthit.（根据首字母单词拼写）68．Despiteseveraldefeats,thecoachstillmanagedtobtheteam’sconfidence,whichcontributedtotheirfinalsuccess.(根据首字母单词拼写)69．CelebritiesandpopstarscanuseWeiboasaplatformtoincreaseiwithfansbyrespondingtotheircomments.（根据首字母单词拼写）70．MartinLutherKingwasctoadvocatingforequality,spendinghislifetimeonthecivilrightsmovementinAmerica.（根据首字母单词拼写）71．Thenewlawaimstobringanendtowidespreaddagainsttheelderlyinthejobmarket.(根据首字母单词拼写)72．ThepublicwasneverconvincedthatJohnSnowwasthemurderersincetherewasnopevidence.（根据首字母单词拼写）73．TheWorldCupQatar2022wassbyCocaCola,whichprovidedfinancialsupportforthesmoothoperation.（根据首字母单词拼写）74．The1980swapop