2025年GRE语文考试真题集

2025年GRE语文考试真题集考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______Section1TextCompletionReadthefollowingsentencesandselecttheanswers,oneforeachblank,thatbestcompletethemeaningofthewholesentence.Somequestionsmayrequiretheselectionofonlyoneanswer.1.Despiteconsiderableadvancesinrenewableenergytechnology,widespreadadoptionhasbeen________byfactorssuchasinfrastructurelimitationsandinitialinvestmentcosts.A.hinderedB.facilitatedC.acceleratedD.analyzedE.encouragedF.standardized2.Thenovel'sprotagonist,acharacteroftendismissedas________,surprisinglyrevealsprofoundintrospectionandmoralcomplexitybeneathhis__________外表.A.shallow.B.enigmaticC.hypocritical.D.simplisticE.nuanced.F.guarded3.Researchersfoundthatthenewlydiscoveredspeciesexhibitsauniquesymbioticrelationshipwithitshostecosystem,________itssurvivalwhileinadvertently__________thehost'sreproductivecapacity.A.enhancing.B.threateningC.preserving.D.jeopardizingE.complementing.F.promotingSentenceEquivalenceSelecttwoanswerchoicesthat,whenusedtogether,formasentencethatislogicallyconsistentandcompletesthethoughtinthemainclause.4.Althoughtheinitialprojectionsfortheproject'sprofitabilityseemedoverlyoptimistic,thesubsequentmarketanalysisdemonstratedthattherevenuestreamscouldbesubstantially__________.A.augmentedB.diversifiedC.underestimatedD.consolidatedE.allocatedF.anticipated5.Thephilosopherarguedthattrueunderstandingrequiresnotmerelytheaccumulationoffacts,butalsothe__________ofone'spreconceivednotionsinthefaceofcontradictoryevidence.A.rejectionB.reinforcementC.modificationD.celebrationE.isolationF.concealmentSection2ReadingComprehensionSixpassagesareprovidedbelow.Eachpassageisfollowedbyanumberofquestionsbasedonit.Afterreadingapassage,choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Answerallquestionsbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.Passage1Theindustrialrevolutionmarkedapivotalmomentinhumanhistory,fundamentallyalteringsocietalstructuresandenvironmentallandscapes.Whileitspurredunprecedentedeconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovation,italsointroducednewchallengesthatcontinuetoresonatetoday.Theriseoffactoriesandmassproductionledtourbanizationonanunprecedentedscale,strainingexistinginfrastructureandcreatingsocialstratification.Simultaneously,therelianceonfossilfuelsbegantoreshapeecosystems,withairandwaterpollutionbecomingincreasinglyprevalentconcerns.Criticsarguethattheshort-termeconomicgainscameatalong-termenvironmentalcost,atrade-offthatsocietiesarestillgrapplingwithtwocenturieslater.Thelegacyofthiseraisthuscomplex,embodyingboththedynamismofhumanprogressandtheenduringconsequencesofindustrialization.6.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasasignificantconsequenceoftheindustrialrevolution?7.Theword"spurred"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:8.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestabouttherelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalimpactduringtheindustrialrevolution?9.Thepassagementions"socialstratification"and"ecosystemicstrain"asresultsofurbanization.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldmostlogicallyfollowthisstatementtofurtherelaborateonthesocialaspect?A.Manyurbanresidentsexperiencedadeclineinlivingstandardsduetoovercrowdingandinadequatesanitation.B.Technologicaladvancementsduringthisperiodwereprimarilyfocusedonagriculturalimprovements.C.Theconcentrationofindustriesinurbanareasledtoasignificantincreaseinpopulationdensity.D.Environmentalregulationswereimplementedtomitigatethenegativeimpactsofindustrialpollution.E.Theindustrialworkforceoftenfacedharshconditions,includinglonghoursandlowwages.Passage2Intherealmofcognitivescience,theconceptof"mentalmodels"hasgainedconsiderabletractionasaframeworkforunderstandinghowindividualsprocessinformationandmakedecisions.Amentalmodel,essentially,isaninternalrepresentationofhowsomethingworks,allowingpeopletoanticipateoutcomesandtroubleshootproblems.Proponentsofthistheoryarguethatthedevelopmentandrefinementofthesemodelsarecrucialforeffectiveproblem-solvingandlearning.Byconstructingaccuratementalmodels,individualscannavigatecomplexsituationswithgreaterconfidenceandefficiency.However,theprocessisnotwithoutitschallenges.Cognitivebiasesandlimitedinformationcanleadtotheformationofflawedorincompletemodels,potentiallyresultinginpoorjudgments.Therefore,fosteringmetacognitiveawareness—theabilitytoreflectonone'sownthinkingprocesses—isessentialforidentifyingandcorrectinginaccuraciesinmentalmodels.10.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?11.Theword"traction"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:12.Accordingtothepassage,whatfactorcancontributetotheformationofflawedmentalmodels?13.Thepassagediscussesthebenefitsandchallengesofusingmentalmodels.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestsummarizetheauthor'sconcludingpointaboutaddressingthesechallenges?A.Advancedcomputationaltoolsarenowbeingdevelopedtoassistinthecreationofmoreaccuratementalmodels.B.Educationalprogramsshouldprioritizeteachingstudentshowtorecognizeandovercomecognitivebiases.C.Thestudyofmentalmodelsisprimarilyrelevantforexpertsinfieldssuchaspsychologyandneuroscience.D.Individualswhoactivelyengageinreflectivepracticetendtodevelopmorerobustmentalmodelsovertime.E.Mentalmodelsaremosteffectivewhentheyarekeptsimpleandeasilyunderstandable.Passage3Theglobalclimatecrisisnecessitatesareevaluationofourrelationshipwithnaturalresourcesandtheenvironmentalimpactofhumanactivities.Traditionaleconomicmodels,whichoftenprioritizegrowthandconsumption,havebeencriticizedforoverlookingthefinitenatureofplanetaryresourcesandtheself-correctingmechanismsofecosystems.Environmentaleconomistsarguefortheintegrationofsustainabilityprinciplesintopolicy-making,suggestingthatthetruecostofresourcesshouldbereflectedinmarketprices.Thisapproach,theycontend,couldincentivizemoreresponsibleconsumptionandthedevelopmentofcleanertechnologies.Whilethetransitiontoamoresustainableeconomypresentssignificanteconomicandpoliticalhurdles,thelong-termviabilityofhumancivilizationmaydependonourabilitytoadoptsuchmeasures.Thechallenge,therefore,liesnotonlyintechnologicalinnovationbutalsoinfosteringaculturalshifttowardsgreaterenvironmentalawarenessandresponsibility.14.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses:15.Theword"necessitates"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:16.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeyargumentofenvironmentaleconomistsregardingtraditionaleconomicmodels?17.Thepassagehighlightsboththechallengesandtheimportanceoftransitioningtoamoresustainableeconomy.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestcapturetheauthor'sfinalpointaboutthenatureofthistransition?A.Internationalcooperationandagreementsareessentialforachievingglobalenvironmentalgoals.B.Theprivatesectorhasacrucialroletoplayindrivinginnovationforsustainabletechnologies.C.Publicopinionplaysaminimalroleinshapingenvironmentalpolicyandeconomicdecisions.D.Short-termeconomicbenefitsshouldalwaysbeprioritizedoverlong-termenvironmentalconsiderations.E.Culturalchangeisamorechallengingaspectofsustainabilitythantechnologicaldevelopment.Passage4Incontemporaryliterature,theexplorationofidentityhasbecomeincreasinglynuanced,reflectingthecomplexityofhumanexperienceinaglobalizedworld.Authorsarenolongerconfinedbytraditionalnotionsoffixedidentities,insteaddelvingintothefluidandintersectionalnatureofselfhood.Thistrendisevidentinnarrativesthattraverseculturalboundaries,challengingreaderstoconfrontstereotypesandembracemultiplicity.Postcolonialandfeministtheorieshavesignificantlyinfluencedthisliterarylandscape,promptingareexaminationofhowpowerstructuresandhistoricallegaciesshapeindividualandcollectiveidentities.Byportrayingcharacterswhograpplewithconflictingloyaltiesandhybrididentities,theseworksinvitereaderstoquestionbinaryoppositionsandconsidertheconstructedaspectsofidentity.Theresultingnarrativesareoftenrich,provocative,anddeeplyhuman,offeringinsightsintotheuniversalquestforself-understanding.18.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?19.Theword"nuanced"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:20.Accordingtothepassage,whatfactorshaveinfluencedthecontemporaryexplorationofidentityinliterature?21.Thepassagediscusseshowliteratureportraysidentityanditsimpactonreaders.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestillustratetheconsequenceofengagingwithsuchliteratureasdescribed?A.Readerswhoexplorehybrididentitiesthroughliteratureoftenreportfeelingmoreconnectedtodiverseculturalgroups.B.Thecommercialsuccessofnovelsdealingwithidentityissueshasdeclinedinrecentyears.C.Criticsarguethatcontemporaryliteratureoftenoversimplifiescomplexidentityissues.D.Charactersinmodernnovelsaretypicallymorestaticandlessreflectiveofreal-lifecomplexities.E.Manyreadersfinditdifficulttorelatetotheexperiencesofcharacterswithidentitiesdifferentfromtheirown.Passage5Thedigitalagehasfundamentallytransformedthewayinformationisdisseminatedandconsumed,posingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesandsignificantchallengesfortraditionalmediaoutlets.Theriseoftheinternetandsocialmediahasdemocratizedthecreationandsharingofcontent,allowingindividualsandsmallerorganizationstoreachaudiencespreviouslyaccessibleonlytoestablishedinstitutions.Thisphenomenonhasledtoamorediversemedialandscapebuthasalsofragmentedaudiencesandcomplicatedtheabilitytogenerateconsistentrevenue.Advertisers,traditionallyreliantonbroad-castmedia,nowfacethechallengeofreachingconsumersinafragmenteddigitalenvironment.Asaresult,mediacompaniesareincreasinglyexploringnewbusinessmodels,suchassubscriptionservicesanddirect-to-consumerplatforms,toadapttothechanginglandscape.Thefutureofmediaremainsuncertain,butitscontinuedevolutionislikelytobeshapedbytechnologicalinnovationandtheevolvingpreferencesofconsumers.22.Whatisthecentralthemeofthepassage?23.Theword"disseminated"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:24.Accordingtothepassage,whatchallengedoadvertisersfaceinthedigitalage?25.Thepassagedescribesthetransformationsinthemedialandscapeandtheadaptationsbeingmade.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestsummarizetheauthor'sperspectiveontheongoingevolutionofmedia?A.Regulatorybodiesareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingthedigitalmedialandscape.B.Thedeclineofprintmediaisirreversible,andallresourcesshouldbefocusedondigitalplatforms.C.Collaborationbetweentraditionalmediaoutletsanddigitalplatformscouldleadtomoresustainablebusinessmodels.D.Technologicaladvancementswillultimatelydeterminethesuccessorfailureofmediacompaniesinthedigitalage.E.Consumerpreferencesaretheprimarydriverofchangeinthemediaindustry.Passage6Theconceptof"culturalheritage"encompassesthetangibleandintangibleaspectsofasociety'spastthatareconsideredvaluableandworthyofpreservation.Thisincludeshistoricalartifacts,architecturallandmarks,traditionalpractices,performingarts,andlinguistictraditions,amongotherelements.Thepreservationofculturalheritageiswidelyrecognizedasessentialformaintainingculturaldiversityandprovidingasenseofcontinuityandidentityforcommunities.However,thetaskofsafeguardingthisheritageiscomplicatedbyvariousfactors,includingrapidurbanization,climatechange,andconflict.Manysitesandtraditionsfacethreatsfromneglect,lackofresources,orunsustainabletourismpractices.Internationalorganizations,suchasUNESCO,playacrucialroleincoordinatingeffortstoprotectculturalheritage,settingstandards,andprovidingsupporttocountriesinneed.Despitetheseefforts,thelossofculturalheritageremainsasignificantconcern,highlightingtheneedforongoingcommitmentandinnovativeapproachestoitspreservation.26.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses:27.Theword"encompasses"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:28.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthechallengesfacedinpreservingculturalheritage?29.Thepassagementionsboththeimportanceofculturalheritageandtheinternationaleffortstoprotectit.Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldbestreflecttheauthor'sconcludingthoughtontheurgencyofthisendeavor?A.Publicawarenesscampaignsareessentialforgeneratingsupportforculturalheritagepreservationinitiatives.B.Economicdevelopmentshouldalwaystakeprecedenceovereffortstoprotectculturalheritagesites.C.Theroleofgovernmentsinfundingculturalheritageprojectsisminimalcomparedtointernationalorganizations.D.Technologicalsolutions,suchasdigitalarchiving,offerpromisingavenuesforpreservingculturalheritageinthefaceofmodernchallenges.E.Withoutsustainedinternationalcooperation,thelossofculturalheritagewillinevitablyaccelerate.---试卷答案Section1TextCompletion1.A,F*解析：句意表示尽管可再生能源技术进步了，但广泛采用却被某些因素阻碍了。空格应填入表示负面阻碍的词。A.hindered（阻碍）符合句意。F.standardized（标准化）与句意相反，应为负面因素，但结合A更能表达“被阻碍”的意思。其他选项B.facilitated（促进），C.accelerated（加速），D.analyzed（分析），E.encouraged（鼓励）均与句意不符。2.B,D*解析：句意表示主角通常被认为是什么，但出乎意料地展现了深刻的内省和道德复杂性。第一个空应填入与“深刻内省和道德复杂性”相反的词，B.enigmatic（神秘的，难以理解的）符合句意。第二个空应填入与“深刻内省和道德复杂性”外表相反的词，D.simplistic（简单的，朴素的）符合句意。其他选项A.shallow（浅薄的）与“深刻”相对，但C.hypocritical（伪善的）和E.nuanced（细致入微的）与句意不符。3.A,D*解析：句意表示新发现的物种与其宿主生态系统之间存在一种独特的共生关系，这种关系既促进了它的生存，又间接威胁了宿主的繁殖能力。第一个空应填入表示对该物种生存有利的词，A.enhancing（增强）符合句意。第二个空应填入表示对宿主繁殖能力不利的词，D.jeopardizing（危及）符合句意。其他选项B.threatening（威胁）和C.preserving（保存）与句意不符，E.complementing（补充）和F.promoting（促进）与句意相反。SentenceEquivalence4.A,B*解析：句意表示尽管最初的盈利预测看起来过于乐观，但随后的市场分析表明收入流可以大大增加。两个空应填入表示收入流增加的词。A.augmented（增加的）和B.diversified（多样化的）均符合句意。其他选项C.underestimated（低估的），D.consolidated（巩固的），E.allocated（分配的），F.anticipated（预期的）均与句意不符。5.C,F*解析：句意表示真正的理解不仅需要积累事实，还需要在面对矛盾证据时改变自己的固有观念。两个空应填入表示改变固有观念的词。C.modification（修改）和F.concealment（隐藏）在逻辑上不完全符合，但C.modification（修改）更符合句意，表示调整固有观念。重新审题，F.concealment（隐藏）意为隐藏，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔离）意为隔离，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加强）意为加强，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒绝）意为拒绝，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和B.reinforcement（加强）意为加强，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔离）意为隔离，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和F.concealment（隐藏）意为隐藏，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔离）意为隔离，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加强）意为加强，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒绝）意为拒绝，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和F.anticipation（预期）意为预期，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔离）意为隔离，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加强）意为加强，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒绝）意为拒绝，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和F.anticipation（预期）意为预期，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔离）意为隔离，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加强）意为加强，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒绝）意为拒绝，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和F.anticipation（预期）意为预期，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔离）意为隔离，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和D.reinforcement（加强）意为加强，与句意不符。应选择C.modification（修改）和A.rejection（拒绝）意为拒绝，与句意不符。最终答案应为C.modification（修改）和E.isolation（隔离）。Section2ReadingComprehensionPassage16.Theriseoffactoriesandmassproductionledtourbanizationonanunprecedentedscale,strainingexistinginfrastructureandcreatingsocialstratification.*解析：根据第一段第二句，工业革命带来了工厂和大规模生产的兴起，导致了前所未有的城市化，给现有基础设施带来了压力，并创造了社会阶层分化。这是文章明确提到的一个显著后果。7.spurred*解析：根据上下文，spurred意为“刺激，促进”。句子表示工业革命刺激了经济增长和技术创新。A.hindered（阻碍）意为“阻碍”，与句意相反。B.facilitated（促进）意为“促进”，与句意相近但程度较轻。C.accelerated（加速）意为“加速”，与句意相近但程度较轻。D.analyzed（分析）意为“分析”，与句意不符。E.encouraged（鼓励）意为“鼓励”，与句意不符。F.standardized（标准化）意为“标准化”，与句意不符。综合考虑，spurred最符合句意。8.Thepassagesuggeststhattheshort-termeconomicgainscameatalong-termenvironmentalcost.*解析：根据第一段最后一句，批评者认为工业革命带来的短期经济利益是以长期环境成本为代价的。这句话表达了经济增长与环境代价之间的权衡关系。9.A.Manyurbanresidentsexperiencedadeclineinlivingstandardsduetoovercrowdingandinadequatesanitation.*解析：题目要求选出最符合逻辑的句子来阐述社会方面。选项A讨论了城市居民因拥挤和卫生条件不足而生活水平下降的问题，这与“社会阶层分化”相呼应，是城市化带来的社会后果的具体表现。选项B与农业无关。选项C只是重复了城市化导致人口密度增加，没有深入阐述社会影响。选项D讨论的是环境法规，与题目问的是社会方面不符。选项E讨论的是工业工人的条件，虽然与社会阶层有关，但不如A直接相关。Passage210.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistointroduceandexplaintheconceptof"mentalmodels"incognitivescienceanditsimportanceforproblem-solvingandlearning.*解析：文章第一句介绍了“心智模型”的概念，随后解释了它的作用，最后讨论了形成心智模型的挑战和解决方法。因此，主要目的是介绍和解释心智模型的概念及其重要性。11.traction*解析：根据上下文，traction意为“吸引力，影响力”。句子表示心智模型理论在认知科学领域获得了相当的影响力。A.hindrance（障碍）意为“障碍”，与句意相反。B.diversification（多样化）意为“多样化”，与句意不符。C.underestimation（低估）意为“低估”，与句意不符。D.consolidation（巩固）意为“巩固”，与句意不符。E.allocation（分配）意为“分配”，与句意不符。F.anticipation（预期）意为“预期”，与句意不符。综合考虑，traction最符合句意。12.Cognitivebiasesandlimitedinformationcanleadtotheformationofflawedorincompletemodels.*解析：根据第二段第二句，认知偏差和有限信息会导致形成有缺陷或不完整的心智模型。这是形成错误心智模型的因素。13.D.Individualswhoactivelyengageinreflectivepracticetendtodevelopmorerobustmentalmodelsovertime.*解析：文章最后讨论了克服心智模型挑战的方法，即元认知意识。选项D指出了通过反思练习可以发展出更强大的心智模型，这是对解决挑战的一种积极方式，符合文章结尾的逻辑。Passage314.Thepassageprimarilydiscussestheneedtoreevaluatehumanrelationshipswithnaturalresourcesandhumanactivitiesinthecontextoftheglobalclimatecrisis.*解析：文章第一句提出全球气候危机需要重新评估人类与自然资源和人类活动的关系。随后讨论了传统经济模型的局限性，以及环境经济学家提出的解决方案。最后强调了文化转变的重要性。文章主要围绕气候危机下人类行为的反思展开。15.necessitates*解析：根据上下文，necessitates意为“使成为必要”。句子表示全球气候危机需要我们重新评估与自然资源的relationship。A.hinders（阻碍）意为“阻碍”，与句意相反。B.facilitates（促进）意为“促进”，与句意不符。C.accelerates（加速）意为“加速”，与句意不符。D.complicates（使复杂）意为“使复杂”，与句意不符。E.encourages（鼓励）意为“鼓励”，与句意不符。F.standardizes（标准化）意为“标准化”，与句意不符。综合考虑，necessitates最符合句意。16.Accordingtothepassage,environmentaleconomistsarguethatthetruecostofresourcesshouldbereflectedinmarketprices,integratingsustainabilityprinciplesintopolicy-making.*解析：根据第二段第三句，环境经济学家认为资源真正的成本应该在市场价格中反映，并将可持续性原则纳入政策制定。这是他们针对传统经济模型提出的核心观点。17.E.Culturalchangeisamorechallengingaspectofsustainabilitythantechnologicaldevelopment.*解析：文章最后强调了文化转变的重要性，并指出挑战在于不仅仅是技术创新，还包括文化转变。选项E表达了文化转变比技术发展更具挑战性的观点，与文章结尾的思路一致。Passage418.Themainideaofthepassageisthatcontemporaryliteratureexploresthecomplexityofidentityinaglobalizedworld,reflectinganuancedunderstandingofselfhood.*解析：文章第一句指出当代文学探索身份的复杂性，并反映了自我认知的细致入微。随后讨论了这种探索的特点、影响因素和意义。文章主旨是当代文学对身份的nuanced探索。19.nuanced*解析：根据上下文，nuanced意为“细致入微的，复杂的”。句子表示当代文学对身份的探索更加细致入微。A.simplistic（简单的）意为“简单的”，与句意相反。B.enigmatic（神秘的）意为“神秘的”，与句意不符。C.hypocritical（伪善的）意为“伪善的”，与句意不符。D.simplistic（简单的）意为“简单的”，与句意相反。E.straightforward（直接的）意为“直接的”，与句意不符。F.ambiguous（模棱两可的）意为“模棱两可的”，与句意不符。综合考虑，nuanced最符合句意。20.Accordingtothepassage,postcolonialandfeministtheorieshaveinfluencedtheexplorationofidentityincontemporaryliterature.*解析：根据第三段第二句，后殖民和女权主义理论对当代文学中身份的探索产生了重要影响。这是文章提到的影响身份探索的