高考英语一轮复习讲义 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration

必修

第三册Unit4SpaceExploration

L基础知识排查

■知识速记词汇句型

［单元词汇要记牢1

I.认阅读单词

1.proceduren.程序；步骤；手续

2.cm（centimetreorcentimeter）厘米

3.rocketn.火箭；火箭弹

4.gravityn,重力；引力

5.frontiern.边境；国界；边远地区

6.vehiclen.交通工具；车辆

7.satellite机人造卫星；卫星

8.orbit”.（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围式.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行

9.giant〃力.巨大的；伟大的机巨人；巨兽；伟人

10.agency".（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处

11.transmitvt.&式.传输；发送

12.data几.［p/.］资料；数据

13.ongoing持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的

14.spacecrafts.航天器；宇宙飞船

15.spacewalkn.太空行走；太空行走的时间

16.jade机玉；翡翠；玉器

17.dock况两架航天器）对接；（使）……进港n.码头；船坞

18.solar。力•.太阳的;太阳能的

19.solarsystem太阳系

20.sufficient〃的•.足够的；充足的

21.microwaven.{alsomicrowaveoven）微波炉

22.tissue机纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织

23.facilityn.设施；设备

24.fatal。力•.致命的；灾难性的

25.high-endadj.高端的

26.foamn.泡沫橡胶；泡沫

27.pillown.枕头

28.theUSSRabbr.theUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics苏联

29.NASA«Z?/?r.NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration（美国）国家航空与航天局

30.theInternationalSpaceStation国际空间站

31.Marsn.火星

32.Jupitern.木星

n.记重点单词

1.astronautn.宇航员；太空人

2.launchrz.&n.发射；发起；上市

3.leap/.跳跃；剧增;剧变（leapt,leaptorleaped,leaped）式.&".跳过;跃过

4.mankindn.人类

5.signal".&式.标志着；标明；发信号〃.信号；标志

6.recycle”.回收利用;再利用

7.musclen.肌肉；实力；影响力

8.float说.浮动；漂流；漂浮”.使浮动；使漂流

9.otherwise〃曲.否贝!|；要不然

10.beyondp厂印.在更远处；超出

11.current〃的•.当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮

12.soapn.肥皂

13.toweln.毛巾；抹布

14.keen〃力•.热衷的；渴望的

15.shallow4力•.肤浅的；浅的

16.patternn.模式；图案；模范

17.monitor机监视器；监测仪”.监视；监测；监控

18.smartphonen.智能手机

19.resourcen.资源；财力；物力

20.oxygenn.氧；氧气

in.知拓展单词

1.mental〃力•.精神的；思想的fmentally〃曲.精神上地

2.universen.宇宙；天地万物—universal〃的.宇宙的；通用的

3.intelligenta的.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的一intelligencen.智慧

4.determined〃力.有决心的；意志坚定的fdetermine查明；确定；决定fdetermination决

心；果断

5.disappointed〃力;失望的；沮丧的fdisappoint”.使失望fdisappointing。功.令人失望的

disappointmentn.失望；沮丧

6.desiren.渴望；欲望我渴望；期望一desired〃力;渴望的，想要的

7.independent。力.独立的；自立的一independently〃曲.独立地；自立地一independencen.独

立；自立fdepend说.依靠

8.lack”.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺—lacking时：缺乏的；不足的

9.globen.地球；世界；地球仪一global〃力•.全球的；全面的

10.argue加.论证；争辩；争论fargument争论；争吵；论点

11.analysis九.(对事物的)分析；分析结果fanalyze(=analyse)o.分析

12.regularM/.定期的；经常的；正常的fregularly“do.有规律地；经常；定期地firregular〃力：

无规律的；不定期的

13.limited4力1有限的-*limitless〃0•.无限的flimitvt.&n.限制

14.closingQ力’.结尾的；结束的机停业；关闭；倒闭fclose”.关闭〃力•.近的；亲密的fclosely

〃面.仔细地；严密地

15.mysteryn.神秘事物；谜fmysterious〃力：神秘的

16.attach”.系；绑；贴fattached时：附着的；依恋的一attachment孔.附件；附属品；依恋

IV.背核心短语

1.carryon继续做，坚持干

2.onboard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上

3.inthehopeofdoingsth.抱着...的希望

4.soasto(dosth.)为了；以便

5.figureout弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白

6.resultin导致；造成

7.asaresult所以；结果(是)

8.provideforsb.提供生活所需

9.inclosing最后

10.runout用完；耗尽

［增加词汇来助力1

1.credits.信用；赞扬；学分

2.criminaln.罪犯；犯人

3.currencyn.货币；通货

4.customsn.海关；关税

5.databasen.资料库，数据库

6.deadlinen,最后期限，截止日期

［经典句式需悟通1

1.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverse

neverdied.（make+宾语+宾补）

这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。

2.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverything

wouldfloatoffotherwise.（otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句）

宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。

3.Firstly,exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.（动名

词作主语）

首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。

4.Asaresult,space-basedsciencehashelpedfarminginitseffortstogrowenoughfoodtofeed

Earth?sincreasingpopulation.（doing作前置定语）

因此，太空技术帮助农业努力种植足够的食物来养活地球上不断增长的人口。

5.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoalto

achieve.（主语+be+〃力.+todo）

把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。

・语境填词词汇串记

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

determine,launch,disappointed,independent,otherwise,lack,sufficient

Mankindhasmanagedtocreatefacilitiesandvehiclestocarryastronautsintothe

universe.They1.launchrocketscarryingsatellites.Manyintelligentpeoplearoundtheglobeare

2.determinedtodevotethemselvestospaceexploration,eventhoughfatalspacedisasterswhich

killedastronautsonboardmakethem3.disappointed.Besides,whenlivinginspace,theastronauts

havetorecycledirtywatersoastouseitlater.For4.1ackofgravity,theirmusclesbecome

weak.Theyhavetotapeeverythingup,5.otherwisetheywouldfloataround.Theyalsoneedto

figureoutawaytostore6.sufficientfoodandoxygen,butpeople'sdesiretoexplorespacenever

dies.Chinaisthethirdcountrytosendhumansintospace7.independently.Thissignalsagiantleap

forwardforChina.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyonspace

exploration,whichisashallowview.Ourplanet?sresourcesarelimited,andasaresult,we

shouldfindanewhometoprovidefortheeverincreasingpopulation.Inclosing,weattachgreat

importancetosolvingthemysteryaboutspaceandwillcarryonwithspaceexplorationregularly.

L核心考点突破

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

11disappointed〃行.失望的，沮丧的(disappoint诃,使失望/沮丧disappointing〃办令人失望

的disappointmentn.失望，沮丧)

•bedisappointedat/with/by…对...失望

bedisappointedtodosth.对做某事失望

bedisappointedthat…对...失望

•toone'sdisappointment令某人失望的是

(l)Judgingfromhisdisappointedlook,hisbosswasdisappointedwithhisdisappointing

performance.Sotohisdisappointment,hedidn'tgetpromoted.(disappoint)

(2)他对未能获奖感到极度失望，把自己锁在房间里。(读后续写之心理描写)

Overcomewithbitterdisappointmentathisfailingtowinaprize,helockedhimselfintheroom.

(3)Totheirdisappointment，theyfailedtocookaMother?sDaybreakfastatthefirst

attempt.(2021・新高考全国I,读后续写)

fWhatmadethemdisappointed/WhatdisappointedthemwasthattheyfailedtocookaMother，s

Daybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)

—TheyfailedtocookaMother?sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt,whichmadethem

disappointed/disappointedthem.(用定语从句改写)

国desiren.渴望；欲望；愿望vt.渴望；期望

,haveadesiretodosth.渴望做某事

haveadesireforsth.渴望得到某物

,desiretodosth.渴望做某事

desiresb.todosth.渴望某人做某事

desirethat...(should)do…渴望...

(1)Theboyhasastrongdesireforasmartphonewithalargeinternalmemorytoplaygames.

(2)Myforeignteacherdesireshissontolearn(learn)Chineseculture,soIstronglyrecommend

BeijingLanguageandCultureUniversitytohim.

⑶我渴望成为像那些医生一样的人，他们为社会做出了巨大贡献。（2020•天津，书面表达）

①Idesiretobecomeapersonlikethosedoctorswhohavemadegreatcontributionstothe

society,(desiretodo)

②IdesirethatI(should)becomeapersonlikethosedoctorswhohavemadegreatcontributionsto

thesociety.(desirethat...)

Hsignalv.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志；预示；信号灯

•signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事

signal(sb.)that示意(某人)...

•trafficsignals交通信号灯

(l)Theheadteachersignaledtothemonitortomanage(manage)thestudentsstrictly.

(2)铃声响起，放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。(读后续写之动作链描

写)

Thebellsignaledthatschoolwasover,andallthestudentsrosetotheirfeet,seizedtheir

schoolbagsandrushedoutoftheclassroomlikearrows.

⑶司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读

后续写之动作链描写)

Thedriverlifteduptheinjuredboy,placedhiminthecarandrushedhimtothehospital,ignoring

thetrafficsignalsalltheway.

Ellack缺乏；缺少；没有n,缺乏；短缺(lacking时.不足的；缺乏的)

•(a)lackof缺少...

for/throughlackof因缺少...

•belackingin在...方面缺乏

(l)Forlackofsufficientoxygen,theastronautcouldnotcarryonwithhismission.

⑵健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。(话题写作之健康生活)

Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeatinghabitsand(a)lackofexercise.

⑶尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。

(2021・新高考全国I,读后续写)

©Thoughtheylackedcookingexperience,thetwinsmadeupforitbyturningtotheInternetfor

someadvice.

②Thoughlackingcookingexperience，thetwinsmadeupforitbyturningtotheInternetforsome

advice.(用省略句改写)

司argue无&方.争论；争辩；论证（argument%.争论；争辩；争吵；论点）

arguewithsb.about/oversth.因某事与某人争吵/争论

arguefor/against(doing)sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事

arguethat…主张...,认为....

argueo/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事

(1)Thereasonwhyhehadanargumentfargue)withhiswifewasthattheirmoneywasrunningout.

(2)Heoftenargueswithhissonabout/overrecyclingwatersoastocutdownthewaterbill.

(3)Theyarguedhimintotakingexerciseonaregularbasis.

⑷现在60%的受采访者支持垃圾分类并且声称他们会在日常生活中这么做。(议论文)

Currently,60%oftheintervieweesargueforrubbishclassificationandclaimthattheywilldothis

intheirdailylife.

冏attachv.系；绑；贴；把...固定；重视(attached时•附加的；依恋的,爱慕的attachment

n,附件；附属品；依恋)

•attach...to…把...附在....上；把....绑在....上

attachimportance/significance/value/weight/...to...^7.......有重要性/意义/价值/分量等

•beattachedto喜欢,依恋；附属于

(l)Pleasefindmyapplicationletterandresumeintheattachment(attach).

(2)Withtimegoingby,Claireseemedtobemoreattached(attach)toTony,therobot.

⑶在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信)

Youcanneverattachtoomuchimportancetoreadingduringtheprocessoflearningalanguage.

(4)他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。(读后续写之动作链描写)

Hetookoutthehammock,attachedittothetreesandlayinitcomfortably,listeningtohisfavorite

music.

园runout用完；耗尽（物作主语，无被动语态）

nmoutof用光，用完（人作主语，有被动语态）

runacross偶然遇到

runafter追逐；追求

runinto撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上（困境、麻烦等）

用run的相关短语填空

(l)Themomentweranacross/intoacutewildrabbit,werodeourhorsesandranafteritwithout

hesitation.

(2)Ourenergywasrunningoutbutwhenweheardthecallofmyuncle,aradiantsmilelitupour

faces.

(3)1hadnmoutofallmypatienceandIbegantoexplodewithanger.

图otherwise

的用法

Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspace

because叙以助.宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西

固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。

•otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示

对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/couldhavedone;表示对现在的虚拟，其后句

子的谓语动词用would/coulddo。

•otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句+otherwise+陈述句”。

⑴我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。

Wedidn'tknowyouwereintroubleatthattime,otherwisewewouldhavegivenyouahand.

(2)我现在没带钱。否则我就借给你一些了。

Ihavenomoneyonmenow.Otherwise,Iwouldlendsometoyou.

⑶快点，否则我们会错过末班车。

Hurryup，otherwise/orwewillmissthelastbus.

©动名词作主语

Firstly,hasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefight

againstworldhunger.首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。

exploringspace在句中作主语。doing作主语还有以下情况：(l)it作形式主语：Itisnouse/no

good/uselessdoingsth.做某事没用；Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事浪费时间。(2)动名词

的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+doing作主语。

⑴对学习有积极的态度是我尊敬你的原因。

HavingapositiveattitudetostudyisthereasonwhyIrespectyou.

(2)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。(读后续写之心理描写)

Beinglostintheforestmademyheartinmymouth.

⑶在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。

Inmyopinion,itisawasteoftimeplayingcomputergames.

(4)他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。

Hisfailingintheexamagainmadehimashamedandhehungdownhisheadinshame.

■巩固落实基础达标

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

I.一词多义练/熟词生义练—清除阅读障碍

1.current

现在的；当前的流通的C.儿气流D.儿潮流

(l)Somebirdsusewarmaircurrentstohelpthemfly.C

(2)ThecurrentmoneyinChinaisRenminbi.B

(3)Weshouldtryourbesttogowiththecurrentofthetimes.D

(4)Studentsareplacedintoclassesbasedontheircurrentlanguageskills.A

2.otherwise

A.ado.以其他方式B.ada否则；不然

C.ado.除此以外D.co听否则；要不然

(l)Myparentslentmesufficientmoney.Otherwise,Icouldn'thaveaffordedthetrip.B

(2)Seizethechance,otherwiseyouwon'tenjoythebeautifultraditionalChinese

paintings.(2021-6月浙江，应用文写作)D

(3)Therewassomemusicplayingupstairs.Otherwisethehousewassilent.C

(4)Itisnotpermittedtosellorotherwisedistributecopiesofpastexaminationpapers.A

3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(l)Officialsarenotallowedtomonitorthevoting.监听，监视

(2)ThebarmangavefreedrinkstotheregularsatChristmas.老顾客们

II.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1.MrSmithisdetermined(determine)toseekhisfortuneinthedowntownarea.

2.Theyoungmanhadastrongdesiretoearn(earn)alivingbyhimselfsoonafterhegraduated.

3.Hehadtoseekhelpfromhiscolleaguesforlackofexperience.

4.Thosewhoignorethetrafficsignals(signal)can'tescapebeingpunished.

5.Itwaswiseofhimtoadmitwhathehaddoneotherwisehewouldhavegot(get)intoseriesof

trouble.

6.Thediversitybetweenminoritiesoftenbringsaboutarguments(argue).

7.Apartfromthemildclimate,theethnicmusicalsoresultsintheprosperoustourism.

8.Afterwards,heseemedtorunoutoffortuneandfinallyhelostallhispossessions.

9.Theprincehadhisservantattachajadeaccessorytohisrobecarefully.

10.Beingblamed(blame)bymyfathermademesosadthatIhidmyfaceinmyhandsandcried.

L写作能力提升

I.单句写作——应用文增分练

建议信——因父母不支持而失望

1.你父母反对你的决定，你很失望。(bedisappointedthat；argueagainst)

Youaredisappointedthatyourparentsargueagainstyourdecision.

2.你渴望和朋友一起沿湄公河骑行。(desiretodo)

YoudesiretocyclealongtheMekongRiverwithyourfriends.

3.我认为平和地和你父母交流很重要。(attachimportanceto)

Iattachgreatimportancetocommunicatingwithyourparentsina