2026高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语课后习题专项能力提升练1考点分类练7　词句猜测题(1)含答案

2026高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语课后习题专项能力提升练1考点分类练(七)词句猜测题(1)Passage1(2025福建龙岩二模)主题:摄影词数:338难度:★★★☆☆限时:7分钟ZhouDonglinistravelingduringtheSpringFestivalinUganda,attemptingtocapturepreciousimagesofmountaingorillasthroughherlens(镜头).“Ienjoyexploringanimalcommunitiesandhavetriedtotelltheirtales.Ifthesestoriescanmovetheaudienceandtouchtheirhearts,theywillcometoloveanimals.Thislovewillcorrespondinglyinspirethemtoprotectnature,”Zhousays.InDecember,Zhou’sphotographyworkstoodoutfromthemorethan37,600nature-themedimageandvideosubmissionsfromacrosstheworld.Zhoustartedreflectingonthemeaningoflifewhenshewasboundtobedforsixmonthsfollowingacarcrashin2013.Sherealizedshehadbeenstrugglingtobeastraight-Astudenttopleaseherparents.“IwastoobusytotrytofigureoutwhatIwant,”shesays.WithherMBAbackground,Zhousaysit’skeytopickupawealthofknowledgeaboutanimalsbeforegettingintothefield.“Naturephotographersoftenuseextremelylonglenses,whichareveryheavy,andhikinginthewildernessrequiresalotofphysicalstrength,”Zhousays.Enduranceisalsokey—beingabletohandlehunger,dirtandsometimesthirst.TheyearsZhouhasspentcapturingnatureandwildlifehavenotjustgivenrisetotensofthousandsofvaluableimagesbutendearedhertotheanimals,motivatinghertocallattentiontotheirprotection.In2019,sheworkedwithornithologist(鸟类学家)LinQingxianfromXiamenUniversitytosetupSeekingWild,anonprofitorganizationcommittedtoraisingpublicawarenessofwildlifeconservationthroughfieldresearch,rescueefforts,andecologicalphotography.Additionally,Zhouheldapersonalphotographyexhibition,withallproceedsgoingtonaturalconservationefforts.“Theimagesaremoreasourceofmaterialsforwildlifeconservation,aswhattheeyeseesisthemostdirectandvisuallyimpactful,”ZhouexplainsoftheestablishmentofSeekingWild.“However,whenitcomestofollow-upactions,Ibelieveitrequirestheinvolvementoforganizationsthatcaninstitutepracticalmeasures.”1.WhydoesZhousharethestoriesofwildlifethroughphotography?A.Towininternationalawards.B.Todevelopacareerinecology.C.Toengageaudiencesinnatureprotection.D.Tostimulateaudiences’interestinanimals.2.WhatdidZhourealizeafteracaraccident?A.Theimportanceofputtinglifeinfocus.B.Theneedtoimprovephotographicskills.C.Theurgencyofbuildingastrongbody.D.Theprideinbeinganoutstandingstudent.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proceeds”inparagraph6referto?A.Donations. B.Profits.C.Works. D.Resources.4.AccordingtoZhou,whatisthemostessentialforfutureactions?A.Groups’effectiveengagement.B.Publicconservationawareness.C.Moreexhibitionsofwildlifeimages.D.Establishmentofmoreorganizations.Passage2(2025安徽蚌埠二模)主题:光污染词数:389难度:★★★☆☆限时:8分钟InthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthelightofthesun,themoonandstarstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whiletheemergenceofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebeenaboontohumans,ithasdonemuchharmtothenaturalworld.Amongthenegativeimpactsofartificiallightatnight(ALAN),lightpollutionleadsmigratingbirdstocitieswithterribleconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,andconvincesseaturtlestoclimbawayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherfindingabouthowALANisaffectingcoralreefs(珊瑚礁):Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickthemintospawning(产卵)outsideoftheappropriatetimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce.Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawningobservations,researchersareabletoshowforthefirsttimethatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawningonetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlightedreefs.Coralsreleaseeggsoncertainnightsoftheyear,guidedbylunarcycles.Ifcoralsarespawningondifferentnights,inspiredtodosobytheconfusionoflightpollution,itcouldreducethelikelihoodofcoraleggsbeingfertilizedandsurvivingtoproducenewadultcoralsthathelpreefstorecover.“Coralreefsareamongthemostbiodiverseandeconomicallyimportantecosystemsontheplanet.Massbleaching(白化)eventscausedbyclimatechange,habitatdestruction,fisheries,waterpollutionandotherdisturbanceshavereducedcoralreefssubstantiallysincethe1950s,”theseworriedresearcherswrite.“Thecompletelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext100years.”“IfwewanttoreducetheharmALANiscausing,wecandelayswitchingonnight-timelightingincoastalregionstoensurethenaturaldarkperiodbetweensunsetandmoonrisethatguidesspawningremainscomplete,”saysleadauthorDr.ThomasDavies.Obviously,lightpollutionisoneoftheleastcomplicatedpollutionsourcestofix.Solvingplasticpollutionandgreenhousegasemissionswilltakeahumanity-wideseachangetofix,butlightpollution?Wejustneedtoturnoffthelightswhennecessary.Thatcanmakeasignificantdifferencetothenaturalworld.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boon”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Blessing. B.Demonstration.C.Trend. D.Crisis.6.HowdoesALANaffectcorals?A.Itblindsnewadultcorals.B.Itmisleadsthemintospawning.C.Itkeepsthemfromreproducing.D.Itencouragescoralegghunting.7.Whydotheresearchersfeelworried?A.Coralsareexposedtomoonlight.B.Coralsarelikelytobecomeextinct.C.Coralshavelosttheirecologicalvalue.D.Coralscausedisturbancestofisheries.8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toanalyzetheimpactofhumanactivity.B.Toemphasizethesignificantroleofcorals.C.Torevealtherootsourcesofcorals’decline.D.Tocallforactiontoreducelightpollution.Passage3(2025福建龙岩一模)主题:质疑“失败是成功之母”词数:347难度:★★★☆☆限时:7分钟WinstonChurchilloncesaid,“Successconsistsofgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlossofenthusiasm.”It’soneofcountlessplatitudesclaimingthatfailureleadstosuccess.Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.Infact,manypeopledonotlearnfromtheirfailures,andit’sstupidtoexpectotherwise,accordingtofindingspublishedonJune10intheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General.“Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.“Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.Experimentsfoundpeopleweremoreinfavoroftaxpayermoneybeingusedforrecoveryanddrugtreatmentprogramswhentheylearnedaboutthelowratesofsuccessforpeopleusingthoseprograms.“Correctingourwrongbeliefsaboutfailurecouldhelpmovetaxpayerdollarsfrompunishmenttorecoveryandimprovement,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“platitudes”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Worn-outsayings.B.Confirmedprinciples.C.Convincingexamples.D.Commonstatements.10.Whatwillassumingsuccessafterfailurebringabout?A.Highersuccessrate.B.Norepetitionofmistakes.C.Variednegativeemotions.D.Overoptimismaboutresults.11.Whichofthefollowingcaseswilltheauthorapproveof?A.Beingpassiveaboutanintenserelationship.B.Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.C.Convincingthestudentsatestfailureisunimportant.D.Expectingemployeestolearnmorefromworkfailure.12.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.BravingFailuresforSuccessB.TrackingFailure-SuccessInterplayC.Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverratedD.SuccessGoesHandinHandWithFailure

答案：Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师周冬林在乌干达旅行期间拍摄山地大猩猩,并通过摄影作品唤起人们保护自然的意识。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Ienjoyexploringanimalcommunitiesandhavetriedtotelltheirtales.Ifthesestoriescanmovetheaudienceandtouchtheirhearts,theywillcometoloveanimals.Thislovewillcorrespondinglyinspirethemtoprotectnature,’Zhousays.”可知,周冬林通过摄影分享野生动物的故事是为了让观众参与到自然保护中来。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段中“Zhoustartedreflectingonthemeaningoflifewhenshewasboundtobedforsixmonthsfollowingacarcrashin2013.Sherealizedshehadbeenstrugglingtobeastraight-Astudenttopleaseherparents.‘IwastoobusytotrytofigureoutwhatIwant,’shesays.”可知,之前周冬林忙于取悦父母而忽视自我需求,车祸后她意识到应关注自身生活的意义,即意识到了聚焦生活的重要性。易错点拨:本题易错选D项。原文提到周冬林在车祸后意识到自己曾经“strugglingtobeastraight-Astudenttopleaseherparents”(努力成为全优生以取悦父母),并感叹“IwastoobusytotrytofigureoutwhatIwant”(太忙而无暇思考自己真正想要什么)。这明确表达了她对过去盲目追求学业优秀的反思,而非选项D中的“pride”(骄傲)。3.B词句猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“Additionally,Zhouheldapersonalphotographyexhibition,withallproceedsgoingtonaturalconservationefforts.”可知,周冬林举办个人摄影展的所有收益都用于自然保护工作。故proceeds意思是“收益”。4.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However,whenitcomestofollow-upactions,Ibelieveitrequirestheinvolvementoforganizationsthatcaninstitutepracticalmeasures.”可知,周冬林认为,未来的行动最重要的是各组织的有效参与。提分干货高频词汇1.submissionn.提交的作品(尤指参赛作品)2.crashn.碰撞;(汽车)事故3.endurancen.耐力;持久力4.capturev.捕捉;拍摄5.institutevt.制定;建立6.preciousadj.珍贵的7.correspondinglyadv.相应地熟词生义bound(生)adj.被困住的,受束缚的(熟)adj.必定的;注定的重点短语1.standoutfrom从……中脱颖而出2.reflecton反思3.pickupawealthofknowledge学习大量知识4.giveriseto引起;导致5.callattentionto引起对……的关注6.committo致力于;投身于难句分析TheyearsZhouhasspentcapturingnatureandwildlifehavenotjustgivenrisetotensofthousandsofvaluableimagesbutendearedhertotheanimals,motivatinghertocallattentiontotheirprotection.分析:本句为主从复合句。Zhouhasspentcapturingnatureandwildlife为省略了that的定语从句,修饰先行词theyears。motivatinghertocallattentiontotheirprotection是现在分词短语作结果状语。译文:周冬林花费多年拍摄自然和野生动物,这不仅催生了数万张珍贵影像,也让她爱上了这些动物,促使她呼吁关注对它们的保护。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,沿海城市的光污染会诱导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵,大大降低珊瑚卵的受精成功率和珊瑚的存活率。这一发现进一步证明了光污染的危害。因此,作者呼吁减少光污染。5.A词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Whiletheemergenceofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebeenaboontohumans,ithasdonemuchharmtothenaturalworld.”可知,电灯的出现对人类来说是一个福音。画线词的词义与harm相反,与Blessing最接近。易错点拨:本题易选D项。“While”引导的让步状语从句提示前半句与后半句语义对立,因此boon应与“harm”(危害)反义。D项(Crisis)与harm同属负面词汇,不符合逻辑对立关系。6.B细节理解题。根据第二至四段,尤其是第二段中“Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickthemintospawningoutsideoftheappropriatetimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce.”可知,夜间人造灯光会误导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵。故选B项。7.B细节理解题。根据第五段的内容,尤其是“Thecompletelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext100years.”可知,珊瑚很可能会灭绝,这令研究人员担忧。故选B项。8.D推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中“Whiletheemergenceofelectriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebeenaboontohumans,ithasdonemuchharmtothenaturalworld.Amongthenegativeimpactsofartificiallightatnight(ALAN),lightpollutionleadsmigratingbirdstocitieswithterribleconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,andconvincesseaturtlestoclimbawayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.”和最后一段可知,本文旨在呼吁采取行动减少光污染。故选D项。提分干货高频词汇1.emergencen.出现2.emissionn.排放(物)3.exposevt.使暴露;使接触 4.anticipatevt.预料;预期5.substantiallyadv.大大地;非常熟词生义1.schedule(生)vt.调节(生物钟)(熟)n.时间表2.trick(生)vt.欺骗(熟)n.诡计,玩笑重点短语1.contributeto导致;促成2.switchon打开(灯光等)3.makeadifference产生影响;起作用难句分析Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawningobservations,researchersareabletoshowforthefirsttimethatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawningonetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlightedreefs.分析:本句为复合句。Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawningobservations为现在分词短语作状语;thatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawningonetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlightedreefs为that引导的宾语从句;exposedtoALAN为过去分词短语作定语。译文:通过结合光污染数据和产卵观察,研究人员首次能够证明,暴露于夜间人造光的珊瑚比未受光照的珊瑚产卵时间提前1至3天,且更接近满月时间。Passage3【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章对“失败是成功之母”这一常见观点提出了质疑,并论述了人们往往不能从失败中学习,以及这种错误观念可能导致的现实后果。9.D词句猜测题。根据画线单词下文“Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.”可推测,画线单词的意思和“常见的、被广泛提及的”相似。D项“Commonstatements”意为“常见的陈述”,与此相符。10.D推理判断题。根据文章第四段以及第五段可知,人们往往认为失败后会成功,但实际并非如此,这种想法会导致人们高估失败后成功的概率,对结果过于乐观。故选D项。11.B推理判断题。根据文章第六段中“Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailure...howlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.”可知,人们常常高估失败后会成功的情况,实际上很多人不会从失败中学习,当人们了解更多关于失败很少能带来好结果的信息时,应该调整对他人的期望。B项“Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.”符合文章中提到的纠正对失败的错误认知,作者可能会认可。故选B项。12.C主旨大意题。根据文章第三段以及全文内容可知,文章开篇以温斯顿·丘吉尔的话引出关于“失败导致成功”这一观点,接着指出有证据表明这种观念是错误的。随后通过一系列实验说明人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧,且往往高估失败后成功的可能性,还提到纠正对失败的错误认知的意义。C项“Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated”准确地概括了文章主旨,即人们认为失败能带来成功等益处这种想法是错误的,失败的益处被高估了。提分干货高频词汇1.enthusiasmn.热情;热忱2.wisdomn.智慧;经验3.conceptn.概念 4.overestimatevt.高估5.embracevt.接受;采纳 6.potentiallyadv.潜在地重点短语1.consistof由……组成2.confuseAwithB混淆A和B3.infavorof支持;赞成难句分析Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.分析:本句为复合句。involvingmorethan1,800participants为现在分词短语作定语;thatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences是由that引导的并列的宾语从句。冒号后内容解释“terribleconsequences”的具体表现,其中whopasslicensingexams...是定语从句。译文:一项涉及1800多名参与者的11组实验发现,人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧,且期望他们那样做可能产生潜在的可怕后果:人们极大高估了未来护士、律师和教师在首次考试失败后通过资格考试的比例。考点分类练(八)词句猜测题(2)Passage1(2025福建莆田二模)主题:人工智能词数:347难度:★★★☆☆限时:7分钟Scammers(骗子)arebecomingtricky,turningtoartificialintelligencetobettercheattheirvictimsoutofmoney.Thisincludesusingdeepfakestopresentthemselvesassomeoneelse.Now,AIisbeingusedinthefightbackwithtelecomcompanyO2employinganAI-poweredgrannyinthebattle.Daisy,anAI-generatedgrandmacreatedbyBritishtelecomcompanyO2astheultimatescamfighter,isanewAItoolwiththevoiceofagrandmotherdesignedtotalkwithscammersand“wasteasmuchoftheirtimeaspossible”.Basically,sherambleson(絮叨)aboutanythingandeverythingtokeepthemawayfromrealpeople.WhileDaisymaysoundlikeahuman,sheisessentiallyanAIlargelanguagemodelwiththecharacterapplicationofagrandma.ThecompanyworkedwithknownscamartiststotrainDaisyandusedanapproachcallednumberseedingtogetDaisy’sphonenumberaddedtoalistofonline“mugslists”—listsusedbyscammerstargetingU.K.consumers.Shefunctionsbylisteningtothescammersandtranslatingtheirvoicetotext.TheAIthensearchesitslargedatabasetofindanappropriateresponse,basedonthespecificscamtrainingshe’sreceived,andtranslatesthattextresponsetospeechforDaisytoreply.Allthishappensinsecondswithnoadditionalinputneeded.Thegoalistokeepthescammeronthephoneforaslongaspossiblebyengagingtheminalifelike,butlengthyconversation.“Daisyisturningthetablesonscammers—outsmartingthemattheirowncruelgamesimplybykeepingthemontheline.”MurrayMackenzie,DirectorofFraudatO2,explained.

O2alsohopestodrawattentiontoscamsbywarningconsumerstobecautiousaboutwhotheymaybespeakingto.“Nomatterhowpersuasivesomeoneontheotherendofthephonemaybe,theyaren’talwayswhoyouthinktheyare,”Murraysaid.“Intermsoftipsandtricks,whetheryou’reshoppingonline,reviewingyouremails,orreceivinganout-of-the-bluephonecall,it’simportanttoalwaysremaincautious.”1.HowdoestheAIgrannyfightagainstscammers?A.Bytellingscammersfunnystories.B.Bytakingupscammers’time.C.Bytalkingscammersintoquitting.D.Bykeepingscammersentertained.2.WhydoesDaisyreceivescamtraining?A.Toreacttoscammersproperly.B.Torecognizescammers’tricks.C.Tomakeherselfmorecreative.D.Toimprovehertranslationskills.3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“turningthetableson”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Serving. B.Defeating.C.Educating. D.Tracking.4.WhatisMurray’ssuggestiontoconsumers?A.Stopansweringcalls.B.Useparticularsoftware.C.Avoidshoppingonline.D.Raiseanti-scamawareness.Passage2(2025福建漳州三模)主题:园艺活动词数:349难度:★★★☆☆限时:7分钟Whileeitherabathinthesunorawalkintheraincancontributetoshakingoffthestressandrechargingfromtheinsideout,gettingourhandsdirtysuperchargestheeffecttoamuchgreaterextent,accordingtoarecentstudyconductedbyseveraluniversities.Over50%oftheindividualsinvolvedinthetrialindicatedthattendingtothegardenenhancedtheiremotionalstate,two-fifthsoftheparticipantsstatedthatithelpedthemeasestress,andmorethanthreequartersclaimedthatitpresentedthemwithachancetoestablishacloserconnectionwithnature.Besides,gardeningbringsadditionalbonuses.Exposuretonaturecanhelpbringdownbloodpressure,heartrate,muscletightnessandtheamountofstress.ToniSalter,wholedthestudy,said,“Activitiesliketheactofweedingandthetaskofdiggingwithinthegardencanprovideacomprehensiveworkoutforourentirebody,facilitatingtherelaxationofourphysicalstate,sothemoretimewespendongardening,themoresubstantialthequantityofexerciseourbodywillreceive.”Gentleexercisessuchaspottingupseedlings(幼苗),wateringandrepottingplantshavethepotentialtoserveasameansofrelaxationthatfreesusfromthebondsofnegativethoughtpatterns.Beingfocusedonnaturenotonlyincreasesourcuriosityandmakesusmoreflexibleinourwayofthinkingbutalso,throughplantingandgardening,helpsusdeveloppatienceandbringsanoptimisticexpectationofthefutureaswewaitfortheharvest.“Plantingabulb(球茎)intocoldwintersoil,weyearnforabeautifulplantsmilinginspringaswellasripefruitsnoddinginautumn,”saysToni.

Toni’ssuggestions:Chooseplantsandgardeningelementsthatappealtooursenses,andlook,smell,taste,listenandfeelwhatwearedealingwith.Whatmattersishowtomakethemostofthetimespentonitratherthanfocusingonhowthingsturnout,sotakeourtime,becausetakingthingsslowlyandsurelyisthekeytowinninginthelongrun.5.Whatadvantagemaygardeningbringusaccordingtothetext?A.Betteringourbodyfigures.B.Enhancinggardeningskillsgreatly.C.Establishingbondswithcommunities.D.Freeingusfrombeingworn-outmentally.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“yearnfor”inparagraph4mean?A.Expect. B.Monitor.C.Purchase. D.Transport.7.WhatisDr.Toni’ssuggestionongardening?A.Selectingappealingplants.B.Takingpleasureinthecourse.C.Focusingmoreontheoutcome.D.Involvingmoregardeningelements.8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Gardening:AWaytoDevelopPatienceB.Gardening:ACureforMentalIllnessesC.Gardening:AWaytoCalmtheSoulD.Gardening:ALinktotheNaturalWorldPassage3(2025浙江温州三模)主题:商业营销与儿童健康词数:324难度:★★★☆☆限时:7分钟Oneofthetopsourcesofaddedsugarinchildren’sdietsinAmericaisintheirbreakfastcereal(麦片).AstudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicineshowsthatadvertisingdrivessalesofhigh-sugarcerealswhenit’saimeddirectlyatkidsunder12—butnotwhenittargetsadults.Inthestudy,researcherslookedatallcerealspurchasedby77,000U.S.householdsoveranine-yearperiod,between2008and2017.TheyalsolookedatNielsenratingsdata,whichcloselymonitoredalltheadsthatpeopleinahouseholdsaw—bothchildrenandadults.Whattheyfoundwasastrongrelationshipbetweenhowmuchadvertisingwastargetedtokidsandhowmuchsugarycerealthathouseholdswithchildrenbought.Bycontrast,therewasnolinktoincreasedpurchaseswhenadstargetedadults.Andtheseextensivedataalsoshowedthatbehaviorsthatwerelearnedinchildhoodcouldtrackintoadulthood,whichcouldleadtopoorhealthoutcomesoveralifetime.Thestudyisthefirsttodirectlycomparetheinfluenceoffoodadvertisingexposurebychildrenwiththatofadults.Thefindingsoffernovelevidenceofhowfoodmarketingturnschildrenintothe“ultimateweapon”ininfluencingfamilyspendingbecausetheyconsistentlyasktheirparentstopurchase,aconceptknownas“pesterpower”.

ThefoodindustrylaunchedtheChildren’sFoodandBeverageAdvertisingInitiative,avoluntaryefforttopoliceitself.The21participatingfoodcompaniesmadeacommitmenttocutbackonmarketingunhealthyfoodstochildrenunder12—laterrevisedtounder13.Anewstudyconductedin2024showedthatchildren’sexposuretocerealadsonTVprogrammingaimedatkidshasdroppeddramatically.ButLindseySmithTaillie,afoodpolicyresearcherattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,saysthesevoluntaryeffortsaren’tmakingadifference.Advertisements,likekids’eyeballs,aremovingonline,makingitevenhardertoknowwhatmarketingchildrenarebeingexposedto,Taillienotes.9.Whatdidthestudyfindaboutchild-targetedfoodads?A.Theyhadnoconnectionwithadults’purchases.B.Theywerelesseffectivethanadult-targetedads.C.Theymightaffectchildren’shealthinthelongrun.D.Theycouldreducechildren’sinterestinsugaryfood.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pesterpower”inparagraph3mean?A.Parents’unconditionallove.B.Children’suncontrolledspending.C.Parents’growingconsumption.D.Children’srepeatedpurchaserequests.11.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Anexpectationforfurtherstudy.B.Thefollow-upinfluenceofthestudy.C.Alimitationoftheresearchmethod.D.Thepotentialapplicationofthefindings.12.WhatisTaillie’sattitudetowardsthevoluntaryefforts?A.Favorable. B.Tolerant.C.Disapproving. D.Reserved.

答案：Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国电信公司O2利用人工智能奶奶Daisy对抗骗子的情况。1.B细节理解题。根据第二段的“Daisy,anAI-generatedgrandmacreatedbyBritishtelecomcompanyO2astheultimatescamfighter,isanewAItoolwiththevoiceofagrandmotherdesignedtotalkwithscammersand‘wasteasmuchoftheirtimeaspossible’.”可知,人工智能奶奶通过占用骗子的时间来对抗骗子。故选B项。2.A细节理解题。根据第三段的“TheAIthensearchesitslargedatabasetofindanappropriateresponse,basedonthespecificscamtrainingshe’sreceived,andtranslatesthattextresponsetospeechforDaisytoreply.”可知,Daisy接受诈骗训练是为了能恰当地回应骗子。故选A项。3.B词句猜测题。根据第四段破折号后面的内容“outsmartingthemattheirowncruelgamesimplybykeepingthemontheline”可知,Daisy通过让骗子一直在线上而击败他们,由此可知画线词意思是“击败”。故选B项。4.D细节理解题。根据最后一段的“‘Nomatterhowpersuasivesomeone...it’simportanttoalwaysremaincautious.’”可知,Murray建议消费者提高反诈骗意识。提分干货高频词汇1.victimn.受害者2.engagevt.使参与;吸引3.trickyadj.狡猾的;难对付的4.ultimateadj.终极的;最好的5.persuasiveadj.有说服力的熟词生义seed(生)vt.植入(数据)(熟)n.种子重点短语1.cheatsboutofmoney骗走某人钱财2.drawattentionto引起对……的注意3.becautiousabout对……小心谨慎4.intermsof就……而言,从……角度来看难句分析“Nomatterhowpersuasivesomeoneontheotherendofthephonemaybe,theyaren’talwayswhoyouthinktheyare,”Murraysaid.本句为复合句。Nomatterhowpersuasivesomeoneontheotherendofthephonemaybe为nomatter引导的让步状语从句;whoyouthinktheyare为who引导的表语从句,youthink为插入语。译文:“无论电话那头的人多有说服力,他们未必就是你以为的那个人。”Murray说道。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。最新研究显示,进行园艺活动可以给人们的身心健康带来许多积极的影响。5.D细节理解题。根据第二段可知,进行园艺活动能把我们从精神上的疲惫中解放出来。故选D项。6.A词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Beingfocusedonnaturenotonlyincreasesourcuriosityandmakesusmoreflexibleinourwayofthinkingbutalso,throughplantingandgardening,helpsusdeveloppatienceandbringsanoptimisticexpectationofthefutureaswewaitfortheharvest.”可知,进行园艺活动会让我们对未来的收获抱有乐观的期待。因此,画线短语所在句表示“在寒冷的冬天里种