Uint 10 课时练1 阅读理解提速练

课时练1阅读理解提速练

I阅读理解

A

（2019•吉林长春七枚两三笫一次联考）JosephGoldbergerwasadoctorfortheUnitedStates

PublicHealthServiceandhewasanadvocateforscientificandsocialrecognitionofthelinks

betweenpovertyanddisease.In1914,GoldbergerwasaskedbyU.S.SurgeonGeneralRupert

Bluetostudyaskindiseasethatwaskillingthousandsofpeoplein（lieSouth.Thediseasewas

pellagra（糙皮病）.

GoldbergertraveledtothestateofMississippiwheremanypeoplesufferedfrompellagra.He

studiedthevictimsandtheirfamilies.Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife.Thedoctorcameto

believethatthediseasedidn,tpassonfromonetoanother,butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.He

receivedpermissionfromthestategovernortotestthisideaataprison.Prisonerswereoffered

pardonsiftheytookpart.Onegroupofprisonersreceivedtheirusualfoods,mostlycomproducts.

Asecondgroupatemeat,freshvegetablesanddrankmilk.Membersofthefirstgroupdeveloped

pellagra.Thesecondgroupdidnot.

ButsomemedicalresearchersrefusedtoacceptGoldberger'sidea.FortheSouth,pellagra

wasmorethansimplyamedicalproblem.Therewereotherthings,includingSouthernpride.

SoGoldbergerhadhiinsclfinjected（注射）withbloodfromapersonwithpellagra.Healso

tookliquidfromthenoseandthroatofapellagrapatientandputthemintohisownnoseand

throat.Heevenswallowedpillsthatcontainedskinfrompellagrapatients.Anassistantalsotook

partintheexperiments.SodidGoldberger'swife.Noneofthemgotsick.

JosephGoldbergerdiedolcancerin1929.Hewaslifty-liveyearsold.Severalyearslater,

researchersdiscoverediheexactcauseofpellagra：alackofvitaminB3knownasniacin.

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生JosephGoldberger探讨糙皮病

的患病缘由的过程。JosephGoldberger医生的仔细、牺牲精神令人感动。

I.WhowereeasytargetsofpellagraaccordingtoGoldberger?

A.PeopleinAmerica.

B.Peopleputintoprison.

C.Peoplehavingapoordiet.

D.Peopletouchingpellagrapatients.

C解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife...the

diseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother,butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.",再名吉合Goldberger

在监狱进行的试验的内容可知，在JosephGoldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大

多生活条件差：再结合试验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最终患上了该病可知，不良的饮

食简单导致人们患摄皮病3

2.WhatdidGoldbergerwanttoprovebytheexperimentsmentionedinParagraph4?

A.Pellagrawasn'tsoterrible.

B.Pellagradidn'tspread.

C.Pellagracouldbecured.

D.Pellagrawasn*tamedicalproblem.

B解析：推理推断题。依据其次段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第

四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的试验的内容（将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自

己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有提皮病

病人的皮肤组织的药丸）和结果（他没患病）可推知，Goldberger进行试脸是为了证明糙皮病不

传染。

3.WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeGoldberger?

A.Devotedanddetermined.

B.Selflessandfriendly.

C.Patientandexpert.

D.Stubbornandenthusiastic.

A解析：推理推断题。文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做试脸的内容表

明他一心一意地投入到对搔皮病的探讨中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观

点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚决。故

选Ao

B

（2019•湖北杳攻女市训研测试）ElonMuskwasborninSouthAfrica,_

in1971.Acrazyfanofcomputers,bytheageoftwelve,Muskhadwritten,却一£Li

thecode（代码）forhisownvideogame,whichhesoldforaprofit.，口

HeattendedQueen'sUniversityinCanada,andtransferred（转到）to

theUniversityofPennsylvania,whereheearned（wobachelor'sdegrees,economicsandphysics.

HewasadmittedtoStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,intendingtocamaPhDinenergyphysics.

FirstCompany—Zip2Corporation

In2019,attheageof24,MuskdroppedoutofStanfordUniversityafterjusttwodaysof

classestostarthisfirstcompanyZip2Corporation.Itwasanonlinecityguidethatprovided

contentforthenewonlineversionsofTheNeiuYorkTimesand（heChicagoTribunenewspapers.

In2019,Muskgot$22millionfromthesaleofZip2.

OnlineBanking

In2019,ElonMuskstartedX.comwith$10milliondollarsfromthesaleofZip2.X.coni

wasanonlinebank,andhewascreditedwithinventingamethodofsecurelytransferringmoney

usingareceiver'se-mailaddress.

PayPal

In2019,X.comboughtacompanycalledConfinity,whichhadstartedanInternet

money-transferprocesscalledPayPal.ElonMuskdropped（heonlinebankingfocustoconcentrate

onbecomingaglobalpaymenttransferprovider.In2019,eBayboughtPayPalfor$1.5billion.

SpaceExplorationTechnologies

In2019,ElonMuskstartedSpaceX.Heisalong-standingmemberoftheMarsSociety,a

non-profitorganizationthatsupportstheexplorationofMars,andMuskisinterestedinbuildinga

greenhouseonMars.SpaccXhasbeendevelopingrockettechnologiestoenableMusk,sproject.

TeslaMotors

In2019,ElonMuskcofoundedTeslaMotors,ofwhichheistheonlyproductarchitect.Tesla

Motorsbuildselectricvehicles.Thecompanyhasbuiltanelectricsportscar,theTeslaRoadster.

SolarCity

In2019,ElonMuskcofoundedSolarCity,aphotovoltaic（光电的）productsandservices

companywithhiscousinLyndonRive.

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了埃隆・马斯克的人生经验和宏大成就。

4.WhatwasElonMuskgiftedinwhenhewasyoung?

A.Economics.B.Physics.

C.Energy.D.Coding.

D解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段的其次句可知，Musk是一位疯狂的电脑迷，

十二岁时他就为自己的视频嬉戏写代码并获利了；据此可知，他小时候就有写代码的天赋，

故D项正确。

5.Whichofthefollowingprovidesinternationalpaymenttransferservice?

A.XB.Confinity.

C.PayPal.D.eBay.

C解析：细微环节理解题。依据PayPal部分，尤其是该部分的其次句可知，PayPal

供应国际转般支付服务，故C项正确。

6.WhathasSpaccXbeendoingtohelpachieveMusk*sproject?

A.Sponsoring（heMarsSociety.

B.Developingrockettechnologies.

C.BuildingagreenhouseonMars.

D.SupportingtheexplorationofMars.

B解析：细微环节理解题。依据SpaceExplorationTechnologies部分的uSpaceXhas

beendevelopingrockettechnologiestoenableMusk'sproject.M可知，SpaceX始终在探讨开发

火箭技术，帮助Musk实现他的项目（目标），故B项正确。

7.WhatisTeslaMotorsnotedfor?

cousinStevie,whosebasicaimistotrickJamie.ButJamiekeepshavingapositiveattitudeand

runningafterhisgoals.HewasrecentlyhonoredtheFunniestKidComicofNewYorkState.

Targetedreaders：

Thisbookwouldbegreatforanyonewhoisfondofhumorousbooks.

【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书籍，供应了每本书的名称、作者、

种类、故事情节和目标读者。

8.Whichwritertellsastoryaboutagirlsavingaboy?

A.KarenFoxlee.

B.SarahLean.

C.CatherineJinks.

D.JamesPattersonandChrisGrabenstein.

A解析：细微环节理解题。依据文拿对第一本书的简介，尤其是其次句“Shemus【help

theboybeforetheSnowQueenfreezestheworld.”可知，在冰雪女王冰冻世界之前Ophelia必

需帮助那个男孩逃离，故选A。

9.Natureloversmaytakeinterestin.

A.OpheliaandtheMarvelousBoy

B.AHundredHorses

C.HowtoCatchaBogle

D.IEvenFunnier:AMiddleSchoolStory

B解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次本书对目标读者的描述“Kidswholikeanimalsand

naturewillbesuretofindthisbookexciling.“可知，喜爱动物和自然的孩子肯定会发觉这本书

令人兴奋，故其次本书A”〃〃力符合要求，即B项正确。

10.Whowentthroughlifechallengeswithoutlosinglieart?

A.Ophelia.B.Nell.

C.Stevie.D.Jamie.

D解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章对第四本书的简介中的“ButJamiekeepshavinga

positiveattitudeandrunningafterhisgoals.”可知，Jamie在失去父母借居在亲戚家时照旧保持

主动的看法，追求自己的幻想，故选D项。

11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindsuchapassage?

A.Fashion.B.Literature.

C.Business.D.Localnews.

B解析：文章出处题。依据文章是对四本书的介绍可知，这篇文章可能来自报纸的文

学版块，即B项正确。

D

（2019•广东佛山检测）Exposedsoilisn'tpartofnature'smasterplan.

Goodexampleswheresoilisnaturallyfoundwithnoplantsgrowinginare

beneathfreshlyremovedtrees,orwherethegroundhasbeenburntbyaland

fire.Inthesesituationsbaresoilisn,tbareforlong;withindaysseedlings（芽）

begintoappearandcovertheground.Inafewmonths'time,thescarishardlynoticeable.

Unlikethesenaturalexamples,ploughed（耕犁）fieldsandfreshlyduggardensareobvious

examplescreatedbyman.But,lefttonature,eventhesebaresoilssoonturngreenwithalarge

numberoftinyseedlings.Infields,gardensandongrasslands,roadsideandsportsfields,along

streetsandonpathsandpavements,weareconstantlybattlingtostopweedsfromgrowing.Allwe

aredoingisstop（herecoveringpowersofnature.

Wheneversoilisexposed,weedsactlikeakindofmedicinetoreducethepotentiallyharmful

raysofthesun,sothesoonerplantgrowthcoversthesoiloveragain,（hebelter.

Weedsalsohelptoimprove（hefertility（月巴［夭）ofthesoil.Theirrootsgetthesoiltogether.

improvingitsstructureandcreatingamorestableenvironmentinwhichsoillifecangrowfast.

Thoseweedswithadeeprootdrawupplantnutrientsfromdeeperintheground,makingthem

availabletoplantsgrowingnearthesoilsurface.Aboveground,thesterns（茎）ofweedshelptrap

fallenleaveswhichbreakdownintothesoil,addingtothefertilityofthesoil.

Asthesoilbecomesmorefertile,differentkindsofplantsstarttoreplacetheupioneeringM

weeds.Bushesmoveintolaketheplacebygraduallyshading（hemout,followedin（urnbytrees,

whicheventuallypushupthroughthebushes,finallyshadingthemouttoo.Fallenleavesfromthe

bushesandtreescarryonthejobofbuildingsoilfertilitythatwasbegunby（hoseveryfirstweeds

（hatgrewonthebaresoil.Then,whenoneofthesematuretreesisremovedinastorm,leavinga

woundofbaresoilintheearth,thewholeprocessstartsagain.

【解题导语】人们到处阻挡杂草等植物的生长，然而，它们却有助于增加土壤的肥沃

度。所以，土壤和植物之间是相互促进的关系。

12.Whenwillsoilbeleftbare?

A.Alandfirehasjusthappened.

B.Ayoungtreeisplantedin.

C.Nooneploughstheland.

D.Nocropsareplantedin.

A解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的Exposedsoilisn'tpartofnature^masterplan.

Goodexamples...wherethegroundhasbeenburntbyalandfire.可知，刚被火烧过的土地被称作

裸土。故选A项。

13.Whichofthefollowingpreventsthebaresoilfromrecovering?

A.Seedlingsappearingingardens.

B.Reducingharmfulraysofthesun.

C.Removingweedsfrompavements.

D.Replacingplantsinsportsfields.

C解析：推理推断题。依据其次段最终两句可知，人们除掉路边杂草的行为就是在阻

挡裸土的复原。故选C项。

14.Whatcanweedsdoforthesoil?

A.Theycreatesoillife.

B.Theyhelpimprovethesoil.

C.Theygetnutrientsfromthesun.

D.Theybreakdownfallenleaves.

B解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的Weedsalsohelptoimprove（heferlilily（肥

沃）ofthesoil.可知，杂草有助于提高土壤的肥沃度。

15.Howcanthesoilremainfertileaftertreesmovein?

A.Byaddingmoreweedsto（hesoil.

B.Bytakingouttheweedsconstantly.

C.Byremovingthepreviousbushes.

D.Bymakinguseofthefallenleaves.

D解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中的Fallenleavesfromthebushesandtrees

carryonthejobofbuildingsoilfertilitythatwasbegunbythoseveryfirstweedsthatgrewonthe

baresoil.可推断D项正确.

H七选五

（2U19•长沙模拟）Withtoday'sstressfullifestyles,it,simportanttohavetimethatyouspend

doingsomethingjustforthefunofit.Whiletherearcmanygreathobbiestochoosefrom,the

hobbieshereareparticularlyusefulinrelievingstress.

1.________

Whetheryousimplylearntotakebelterpicturesofyourfriendsandfamily,orexplorethe

worldofcreatingtrueart,photographycanbeagreathobby.Asyoupracticeseeingtheworld

throughtheeyesofaphotographer,youmaybegintoseethingsdifferently.

Gardening

Gardeningcanbeagreatstressrelieverformanyreasons.2..Inaddition,itcanalso

createmorebeautifulsurroundingstocomehomeforeachday,andmore.

Knitting

Asidefromhelpingyoucreatebeautifulgiftsforyourselfandothers,knittingprovidesyou

withanopportunitytorelievestress.Therepetitivemoticncangetyouintoanexperienceof

“flow"，orcanatleastprovideanoutletfornervousenergy.3..

Drawing

Youcangetintouchwithyourartisticsideandusedrawingasawaytoprocess

emotions.4..Theendresultwillbesomethingbeautifulandpersonalthatyoucanenjoy

orshare.

Playingt