浙江省环大罗山2025-2026学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题

2025学年第一学期温州环大罗山联盟期中联考高二年级英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷共10页满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.HowwillAlexgotomeetthewoman?A.Byplane.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.2.Wherearethetwinsnow?A.Inthebedroom.B.Inthegarden.C.Inthediningroom.3.Whatwillthemandonextmonth?A.Joinagym.B.Makeaworkoutplan.C.Takepartinacontest.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?ADeliverymanandcustomer.B.Neighbors.C.Workmates.5.WhatdoesKellymean?A.ShebeatFranklastweek.B.Sheswimsfasterthanbefore.C.Sheisthebestswimmerintheschool.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatactivitydoesthefirsttourinclude?A.Eatingseafood.B.Watchingpenguins.C.Exploringanisland.7.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Goforsomefood.B.Leaveforhome.C.Takeastreetwalk.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whendidthemanfirstwanttobeeawriter?A.Whenhewasachild.B.Afterhebecameafather.C.Beforeheretiredasadoctor.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hemightbeanenvironmentalist.B.Hehaschangedhislifestyle.C.Hefocusesonchildren’sbooks.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whereisthefirstbridgelocated?A.InRome.B.InFlorence.C.InAzerbaijan.11.Whywasthesecondbridgebuilt?A.Toconnecttwocities.B.Toacmodateworkers.C.Toserveasahistoricallandmark.12.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthesecondbridge?A.Itisabout48mileslong.B.Itwasbuiltin1345.C.Itiswellequipped.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.HowoftendoesVickyworkonadifferenttrip?A.Twiceamonth.B.Onceamonth.C.Everytwomonths.14.WhowasthetriptotheCaribbeandesignedforlastyear?A.Popularsingers.B.Musicallovers.C.Oldstars.15.HowhasVickyspenthersparetimeduringatrip?A.Bytalkingwithothers.B.Bylisteningtomusic.C.Byattendinglessons.16.WhatdoesVickyplantobeinthefuture?A.Atrainer.B.Apsychologist.C.Atourguide.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Hergapyearexperience.B.Herfather’sinfluence.C.Hertravelarrangements.18.Whendidthespeakersetoff?A.InJanuary.B.InJune.C.InJuly.19.Whatdidthespeakerdoduringthejourney?A.Shekeptadiary.B.Shetookmathsclasses.CShepletedsomehomework.20.Whydidthespeaker’sfathermakethedecision?A.Tolethiskidsexploretheworldfirsthand.B.Tohelphiskidstomakeforeignfriends.C.Torelievethestressofthewholefamily.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFrombreathtakinglandscapestofamilyfavorites,NationalGeographicTraveler’sBestoftheWorldlistisbackwiththedestinationsthatdeserveyourattention.BigBendNationalParkThisremoteanddrypartofwestTexas,U.S.A.,hasmorecactus(仙人掌)speciesthananyothernationalpark,aswellasbirdssuchasroadrunnersandbrightyellowScott’sorioles,andanimalssuchasjavelina.Butencounterswithwildlifeseemdifferentinthedesert.Theyremindyouthatlifeiswhereyouleastexpecttofindit.AzoresTheAzores,anecklaceofnineattractiveislandsinthemiddleoftheAtlantic,arepartofPortugal.Thesevolcanicislandsareknownforwhalewatchingandhotsprings.Theislands’pools,volcaniclakes,waterfallsandsteaminggeysers(间歇泉)allbearwitnesstotheviolentvolcanicforces.BotswanaThesouthernAfricancountryofBotswanacontinuestofaceaseriesofthreatstoitsexpansive,wildliferichnationalparksandgamereserves,rangingfromillegalhuntingtoovertourism.Butnewmeasuresarehelpingcasesomeofthepressure.TheTuliBlockholdsanimalslikeleopardsandalargeelephantpopulation.Visitorscanenjoyguidedsafarishere,experiencingthestunningwildlifeupclosewhilesupportingconservationefforts.GuyanaThickrainforests,vastsavannahs(稀树草原),magicalmountainrangesandgrandriversGuyanamaybeoneofSouthAmerica’ssmallernations,butitholdsstrongappealfornaturelovers.NaturalhighlightsrangefromleopardsmovingquietlyinthickforeststolargeeaglesintheskiesandwowmomentslikeKaeteurFalls,oneoftheworld’shighestsingledropwaterfalls.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutAzores?A.TheyarelocatedonthemainlandofPortugal.B.Theyarefamousfordesertlandscapes.C.Theywereformedbyvolcanicactivity.D.Theyhavethelargestwhalepopulationintheworld.2.Whichdestinationisendangeredbyhumanactivities?A.BigBendNationalPark. B.Azores. C.Botswana. D.Guyana.3.Forwhomisthisarticlemostlikelywritten?A.Scientistswhostudywildlifeprotection.B.Touristswhoseekinspirationfortheirtrips.C.Historianswhoresearchvolcanicislands.D.Parentswhopickatraveldestinationfortheirkids.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，介绍了《国家地理旅行者》推出的全球最佳目的地榜单，重点介绍了四个值得关注的旅行地——美国大弯国家公园、葡萄牙亚速尔群岛、非洲博茨瓦纳、南美洲圭亚那，分别阐述了各目的地的自然景观、特色物种及核心亮点。【1题详解】根据“Azores”部分“TheAzores,anecklaceofnineattractiveislandsinthemiddleoftheAtlantic,arepartofPortugal.Thesevolcanicislandsareknownforwhalewatchingandhotsprings.Theislands’pools,volcaniclakes,waterfallsandsteaminggeysers(间歇泉)allbearwitnesstotheviolentvolcanicforces(亚速尔群岛是大西洋中部由九个迷人岛屿组成的“项链”，隶属于葡萄牙。这些火山岛以观鲸和温泉而闻名。岛上的湖泊、火山湖、瀑布和冒着蒸汽的间歇泉，都见证了剧烈的火山活动)”可知，亚速尔群岛是由火山活动形成的。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Botswana”部分“ThesouthernAfricancountryofBotswanacontinuestofaceaseriesofthreatstoitsexpansive,wildliferichnationalparksandgamereserves,rangingfromillegalhuntingtoovertourism(南部非洲国家博茨瓦纳，其广阔且野生动物资源丰富的国家公园和野生动物保护区持续面临一系列威胁，从非法狩猎到过度旅游)”可知，博茨瓦纳的旅游资源正受到人类活动的威胁。其他三个目的地均未提及面临人类活动带来的危险。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章开头“Frombreathtakinglandscapestofamilyfavorites,NationalGeographicTraveler’sBestoftheWorldlistisbackwiththedestinationsthatdeserveyourattention(从令人惊叹的景观到家庭喜爱的去处，《国家地理旅行者》的全球最佳目的地榜单回归，带来了值得你关注的旅行地)”可知，文章核心是推荐值得关注的旅行目的地，因此最可能是为寻求旅行灵感的游客撰写的。故选B。BOnApril30,2025,theU.S.NationalAcademyofSciences(NAS)announceditsnewmembers,includingChinesepharmacologistTuYouyou,whowaselectedaforeignassociatemember.ThiselectionpowerfullyrecognizesTu’slifelongcontributions—especiallyhergroundbreakingdiscoveryofartemisinin,amalariafightingwonderdrugthathassavedmillionsoflives.TuYouyouwasborninNingboin1930.At16,herbattlewithtuberculosis(肺结核)inspiredhermissiontorelievehumansufferingthroughscience,leadinghertoPekingUniversityin1951,whereherstrictacademictraininglaidthegroundworkforherfutureworkattheintersection(交叉)oftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)andmodernscience.Aftergraduation,sheconductedvitalresearchonherbalmedicines,clarifyinglongstandingconfusionoverplantspecies.In1969,Tuledateamtobthrough2,000ancientTCMtextsandfolkcures.A4thcenturytexteventuallyinspiredakeyidea:extractingArtemisiaannua(sweetwormwood)withether(乙醚)couldpreserveitsactivepart.After190failedexperiments,successcame.By1972,herteamhadextractedpureartemisinin,provedsafetyonthemselves,andconfirmeditseffectiveness.Artemisininhasrevolutionizedmalariatreatment,reducingincidenceby37%anddeathrateby60%between2000and2015,savinganestimated5.9millionchildren’slives(WHO,2015).ThisachievementearnedTuthe2011LaskerAwardand,in2015,theNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine—thefirstNobelinascientificfieldforaChinesescientistandalandmarkforTCM’sglobalrecognition.ShelaterreceivedChina’sHighestNationalScienceandTechnologyAward(2016)andwasnamedamongTime’s100MostInfluentialWomen(2020).Nevertheless,Turemainshumble,emphasizingthatartemisininis“agiftfromTCMandthecollectiveeffortofherteam.”At94,sherisesatdawntomonitorresistancetrials,recordseverydatapointbyhand,andpersonallyrepliestoruraldoctorsseekingadvice.Herhumility,resilience,andquietdedicationcontinuetoinspirescientistsworldwide.4.WhatmotivatedTuYouyou’scareerinmedicalscience?A.Readinga4thcenturytextonherbalmedicine.B.Fightingagainstaseriousdiseaseatage16.C.StudyingatPekingUniversityin1951.D.Witnessingthedeadlyimpactofmalaria.5.Whatkeystepfinallyledtothesuccessofherstudy?A.HeatingArtemisiaannuainboilingwaterforhours.B.Switchingfromwatertoetherastheextractingliquid.C.Testingthe190thsampleonlaboratoryanimals.D.ConsultingWesternpharmacologytextbooks.6.ThelastparagraphbestrevealsthatTuis________.A.talented B.ambitious C.cautious D.modest7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconvey?A.Breakthroughsresultfrommitmentandpersistence.B.Individualgeniusweighsmorethanteamworkinfightingdisease.C.Globalrecognitionturnslocalherbsintowidespreadcures.D.Futurestudyfocusesondevelopingmoderndrugsfromherbalsources.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，介绍中国药学家屠呦呦于2025年4月30日当选为美国国家科学院外籍院士，重点阐述了她的从医动机、发现青蒿素的关键过程、青蒿素带来的巨大医学贡献及所获荣誉，最后凸显了她谦逊、坚韧和专注的品格。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“At16,herbattlewithtuberculosis(肺结核)inspiredhermissiontorelievehumansufferingthroughscience,leadinghertoPekingUniversityin1951,whereherstrictacademictraininglaidthegroundworkforherfutureworkattheintersection(交叉)oftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)andmodernscience.(16岁时，她与肺结核的斗争激励她肩负起通过科学减轻人类痛苦的使命，这使她于1951年进入北京大学，在那里接受的严格学术训练为她日后从事中医药与现代科学交叉领域的工作奠定了基础)”可知，屠呦呦16岁时与严重疾病的斗争促使她投身医学事业。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“In1969,Tuledateamtobthrough2,000ancientTCMtextsandfolkcures.A4thcenturytexteventuallyinspiredakeyidea:extractingArtemisiaannua(sweetwormwood)withether(乙醚)couldpreserveitsactivepart.After190failedexperiments,successcame.(1969年，屠呦呦带领团队梳理了2000部古代中医药文献和民间偏方。一部4世纪的文献最终带来了关键灵感：用乙醚提取青蒿可以保留其活性成分。经过190次失败的实验后，他们终于取得了成功)”可知，将提取液从水改为乙醚这一关键步骤促成了研究成功。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless,Turemainshumble,emphasizingthatartemisininis“agiftfromTCMandthecollectiveeffortofherteam.”At94,sherisesatdawntomonitorresistancetrials,recordseverydatapointbyhand,andpersonallyrepliestoruraldoctorsseekingadvice.Herhumility,resilience,andquietdedicationcontinuetoinspirescientistsworldwide.(尽管如此，屠呦呦依然保持谦逊，她强调青蒿素是“中医药的馈赠，是团队集体努力的成果”。94岁高龄的她黎明即起，监测耐药性试验，亲手记录每一个数据点，并亲自回复寻求建议的乡村医生。她的谦逊、坚韧和默默奉献持续激励着全球科学家)”可知，最后一段重点体现了屠呦呦的谦逊。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“At16,herbattlewithtuberculosis(肺结核)inspiredhermissiontorelievehumansufferingthroughscience,leadinghertoPekingUniversityin1951,whereherstrictacademictraininglaidthegroundworkforherfutureworkattheintersection(交叉)oftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)andmodernscience.(16岁时，她与肺结核的斗争激发了她通过科学减轻人类痛苦的使命，1951年她进入北京大学，在那里严格的学术训练为她未来在中西医交叉领域的工作奠定了基础)”和第三段中“After190failedexperiments,successcame.By1972,herteamhadextractedpureartemisinin,provedsafetyonthemselves,andconfirmeditseffectiveness.(经过190次失败的实验后，终于成功了。到1972年，她的团队已经提取出纯青蒿素，并在自己身上证明了其安全性，并确认了其有效性)”可知，文章主要讲述了屠呦呦通过不懈努力和坚持，最终发现了青蒿素，为人类健康做出了巨大贡献，故本文主要传达了突破源于承诺和坚持。故选A项。CFromselfdrivingcarstocarebotsforelderlypeople,rapiddevelopmentintechnologyhaslongrepresentedapossiblethreattomanyjobsnormallyperformedbypeople.Butexpertsnowbelievethatalmost50percentofoccupationsexistingtodaywillbepletelyunnecessaryby2040asartificialintelligencecontinuestochangebusinesses.“Thenextfifteenyearswillseearevolutioninhowwework,andarevolutionwillnecessarilytakeplaceinhowweplanandthinkaboutworkplaces,”saidPeterAndrew,DirectorofWorkplaceStrategyforCBREAsiaPacific.Agrowingnumberofjobsinthefuturewillrequirecreativeintelligence,socialskillsandtheabilitytouseartificialintelligence.Thereportisbasedoninterviewswith200experts,businessleadersandyoungpeoplefromAsiaPacific,EuropeandNorthAmerica.ItshowsthatintheUStechnologyalreadyravagesmorejobopportunitiesthanitcreates.Butthereportstates,“Losingoccupationsdoesnotchangewhatpeopledo.”Growthinnewjobscouldoccurasmuch,accordingtotheresearch.“Thegrowthof20to40personpaniesthathavethespeedandtechnologicalknowhowwilldirectlychallengebigpanies.”itstates.A2024reportbyPewResearchfound52percentofexpertsinartificialintelligenceandroboticswereoptimisticaboutthefutureandbelievedtherewouldstillbeenoughjobsinthenextfewyears.Theoptimistspictured“afutureinwhichrobotsdonottaketheplaceofmorejobsthantheycreate”accordingtoAaronSmith,thereport’scoauthor.“Technologywillcontinuetoaffectjobs,butmorejobsseemlikelytobecreated.Althoughtherehavealwaysbeenunemployedpeople,whenwereachedafewbillionpeopletherewerebillionsofjobs.Thereisnoshortageofthingsthatneedtobedoneandthatwillnotchange.”Microsoft’sJonathanGrudintoldresearchers.8.WhatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Thepletedisappearanceofselfdrivingcars.B.Thesharpdecreaseinthenumberofelderlypeople.C.Thesuddenstopoftechnologicaldevelopment.D.TherapidreplacementofhumanjobsbyAI.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ravages”meaninparagraph4?A.loses B.provides C.replaces D.destroys10.Whatmightdeterminethefuturedevelopmentofpaniesaccordingtothereport?A.Thenumberofemployeestheyhave.B.Whethertheirbusinessissafefromtechdrivenchange.C.Theirrapidresponsivenessandtechnologicalstrengths.D.Thelengthoftimetheyhavebeeninbusiness.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthistext?A.WillRobotsLeaveUsJobless? B.TechnologyVs.Humans:WhoWins?C.AIRise:HowWillItShapetheWorld? D.WillSmallFirmsDefeatLargepanies?【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文，探讨了技术快速发展，尤其是人工智能，对当前就业市场的影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Fromselfdrivingcarstocarebotsforelderlypeople,rapiddevelopmentintechnologyhaslongrepresentedapossiblethreattomanyjobsnormallyperformedbypeople.Butexpertsnowbelievethatalmost50percentofoccupationsexistingtodaywillbepletelyunnecessaryby2040asartificialintelligencecontinuestochangebusinesses.(从自动驾驶汽车到老年人护理机器人，技术的快速发展长期以来一直对许多由人类完成的工作构成潜在威胁。但专家们现在认为，随着人工智能继续改变商业格局，到2040年，如今近50%的职业将完全不再需要。)”可知，作者描述的现象是人工智能正快速取代人类工作。故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Fromselfdrivingcarstocarebotsforelderlypeople,rapiddevelopmentintechnologyhaslongrepresentedapossiblethreattomanyjobsnormallyperformedbypeople.(从自动驾驶汽车到老年人护理机器人，技术的快速发展长期以来一直对许多由人类完成的工作构成潜在威胁。)”第四段“Thereportisbasedoninterviewswith200experts,businessleadersandyoungpeoplefromAsiaPacific,EuropeandNorthAmerica.ItshowsthatintheUStechnologyalreadyravagesmorejobopportunitiesthanitcreates.(该报告基于对亚太地区、欧洲和北美200名专家、商界领袖和年轻人的采访。报告显示，在美国，技术ravages的就业机会已经超过了它创造的。)”结合前文提到技术对工作的“威胁”及“职业消失”的表述，可知“ravages”意为“摧毁、破坏”。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Thegrowthof20to40personpaniesthathavethespeedandtechnologicalknowhowwilldirectlychallengebigpanies.(拥有快速反应能力和技术专长的20至40人规模的公司的发展，将直接挑战大公司。)”可知，报告认为企业的快速反应能力和技术优势可能决定其未来发展。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章围绕技术（尤其是人工智能）对就业的影响展开，既提到现有职业可能被取代的担忧，又介绍了新岗位会增长的乐观观点，核心是探讨技术快速发展，尤其是人工智能，对当前就业市场的影响。A项“机器人是否会让我们失业？”符合主题，可用作标题。故选A。DItseemsnoonecanreallyagreeonthequestionof“What’ssofunny?”.So,imaginetryingtoteacharobothowtolaugh.Butthat’sexactlywhatateamofresearchersatKyotoUniversityinJapanaretryingtodesign,anAIthattakesitscuesthroughasharedlaughtersystem.ThescientistsdescribetheirinnovativeapproachtobuildingafunnybonefortheJapaneseandroid“Erica”inthelatestissueofthejournalFrontiersinRoboticsandAI.“WethinkthatoneoftheimportantfunctionsofconversationalAIisempathy(移情，共鸣),”explainedleadauthorDrKojiInoue,anassistantprofessoratKyotoUniversityintheDepartmentofIntelligenceScienceandTechnologywithintheGraduateSchoolofInformatics.“Onewayarobotcanempathizewithusersistosharetheirlaughter.”Inthesharedlaughtermodel,ahumanfirstlaughsandtheAIsystemrespondswithlaughterasanempatheticresponse.Thisapproachrequireddesigningthreesubsystems—onetodetectlaughter,asecondtodecidewhethertolaugh,andathirdtochoosethetypeofappropriatelaughter.Thetypeoflaughterisalsoimportant,becauseinsomecasesapolitechucklemaybemoreappropriatethanaloudsnortoflaughter.TheteamtestedErica’snewsenseofhumorbycreatingfourdifferentshortdialoguesbetweenapersonandEricawithhernewsharedlaughtersystem.Thentheyaskedmorethan130peopleintotaltolistentoeachdialoguewithinthethreedifferentconditions—sharedlaughtersystem,nolaughter,alllaughter—andevaluatedtheinteractionsbasedonhumanlikeness,naturalnessandunderstanding.Thesharedlaughtersystemperformedbetterthaneitherbaseline(基准).“Robotsshouldactuallyhaveadistinctcharacter,andwethinkthattheycanshowthisthroughtheirconversationalbehaviors,suchaslaughing,eyegaze,gesturesandspeakingstyle,”Inoueadded,“Wedonotthinkthisisaneasyproblematall,anditmaywelltakemorethan10to20yearsbeforewecanfinallyhaveacasualchatwitharobotlikewewouldwithafriend.”12.Whydoestheauthormentionthequestioninthebeginning?A.Toreviewdifferentviewsonhumour.B.Toinvitereaderstojointhediscussion.C.Toemphasizethedifficultyoftheresearch.D.Toclarifythevalueofasenseofhumour.13.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3?A.Thestudypurpose. B.Theworkingprinciple.C.Thetestresult. D.Theresearchimpact.14.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Ericawasdesignedtotelljokesinfourdialogues.B.Over130peoplehadliveconversationswithErica.C.Thesharedlaughterdialoguescameoutontop.D.Listenerslaughedmostinthesharedlaughtersystem.15.WhatisInove’sattitudetowardsconversationalAI’sdevelopment?A.Realistic B.Optimistic C.Critical D.Indifferent【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕“教机器人笑”这一研究展开，介绍了日本京都大学的研究团队为机器人“Erica”设计共享笑料系统的相关情况。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Itseemsnoonecanreallyagreeonthequestionof“What’ssofunny?”.So,imaginetryingtoteacharobothowtolaugh.Butthat’sexactlywhatateamofresearchersatKyotoUniversityinJapanaretryingtodesign,anAIthattakesitscuesthroughasharedlaughtersystem(似乎没有人能真正就“什么东西这么好笑？”这个问题达成一致。那么，想象一下教机器人如何笑会是怎样的场景。而这正是日本京都大学的一个研究团队正在努力设计的——一个通过共享笑料系统获取线索的人工智能)”可知，作者开篇提出“什么是好笑的”这一没有统一答案的问题，是为了引出“教机器人笑”的研究，从而强调该研究的难度。故选C。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Inthesharedlaughtermodel,ahumanfirstlaughsandtheAIsystemrespondswithlaughterasanempatheticresponse.Thisapproachrequireddesigningthreesubsystems—onetodetectlaughter,asecondtodecidewhethertolaugh,andathirdtochoosethetypeofappropriatelaughter.Thetypeoflaughterisalsoimportant,becauseinsomecasesapolitechucklemaybemoreappropriatethanaloudsnortoflaughter(在共享笑料模型中，人类先笑，然后人工智能系统以笑作为共鸣回应。这种方法需要设计三个子系统——一个用于检测笑料，第二个用于判断是否要笑，第三个用于选择合适的笑的类型。笑的类型也很重要，因为在某些情况下，礼貌的轻笑可能比大声的喷笑更合适)”可知，第三段主要介绍了共享笑料系统的工作原理，包括运作模式、所需子系统及笑的类型选择。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“TheteamtestedErica’snewsenseofhumorbycreatingfourdifferentshortdialoguesbetweenapersonandEricawithhernewsharedlaughtersystem.Thentheyaskedmorethan130peopleintotaltolistentoeachdialoguewithinthethreedifferentconditions—sharedlaughtersystem,nolaughter,alllaughter—andevaluatedtheinteractionsbasedonhumanlikeness,naturalnessandunderstanding.Thesharedlaughtersystemperformedbetterthaneitherbaseline(基准)(该团队通过构建一个人与搭载新共享笑料系统的“Erica”之间的四个不同短对话，来测试“Erica”新的幽默感。然后，他们让总共130多人在三种不同条件下聆听每个对话——共享笑料系统、无笑料、全笑料——并根据拟人化程度、自然度和理解度对互动进行评估。共享笑料系统的表现优于两个基准组)”可知，采用共享笑料系统的对话表现最佳。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inoueadded,“Wedonotthinkthisisaneasyproblematall,anditmaywelltakemorethan10to20yearsbeforewecanfinallyhaveacasualchatwitharobotlikewewouldwithafriend.”(井上补充道：“我们认为这绝不是一个容易的问题，要实现像和朋友一样与机器人随意聊天，很可能需要10到20年以上的时间。”)”可知，井上既承认研究的难度，又对未来实现目标有合理预期，其态度是务实的、现实的。故选A。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whyweenjoyfear:thescienceofagoodscareThethrillofafrighteningfilmcanfeelincrediblydelightful—andmildhorror,sayresearchers,canalsohelpdeveloplastingpsychologicaltoughness.Palmssweat,heartbeatquickens,musclestense.____16____Isthisjustthereliefofhavingsurvived—orisitsomethingmore?Fearisanancientemotionandscarystoriesarerootedinhumanhistory.Inearlysocieties,scarytaleswereusedtoteachchildrenaboutdangerstheymightencounter.____17____Astudyfoundthathorrorfanswerementallytougher.“Theyhave,tosomeextent,beenexposedtosimilarscenesandcandrawonthatexperiencetofacenew,uncertainrealities.”saysMalmdorfAndersen.____18____Toinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenenjoymentandfear,MalmdorfAndersenstudiedagroupofpeoplewhowenttoahauntedhouse(鬼屋).Thefindingsindicatedthathumansdon’tlikebeingtoofarfromtheirnormalphysiologicalstate.____19____“Theremightbeasweetspotbetweenfearandenjoyment.”saysMalmdorfAndersen.“Atthatspot,afloodoffearquicklyfollowedbyreliefresultsinthereleaseoffeelgoodchemicalsinthebrainrewardingyouwithasuddenrushofintensedelight.”____20____Weallhaveauniquesenseofwhatwefindscary—whatcanbeathrillforonepersoncanbetrulyterrifyingforanother.Sodaretobescared—butjusttherightamount.A.However,keepinmindthateveryoneisdifferent.B.Instead,theydoenjoybeingjustalittlebitoutoftheirfortzone.C.Today,whatdrawspeopletowatchagoodscare?D.Whenfeardiesdown,wecanbeleftwithfeelingsofpleasure.E.Thisindicatesthatenjoymentoffearmakessenseifyoulookatitasa“formofplay”.F.Asamatteroffact,theyprefertostayintheirfortzones.G.Theyarethesignstofightthedangers.【答案】16.D17.C18.E19.B20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，解释了人们为何享受恐惧。文章先以恐怖电影带来的刺激感引出问题，接着从人类历史中恐怖故事的作用、恐怖爱好者心理韧性更强的研究发现，再到鬼屋实验揭示的“恐惧与愉悦的平衡点”，层层递进阐述恐惧带来愉悦的原因，最后提醒每个人对恐惧的耐受度不同，需把握合适程度。【16题详解】上文“Thethrillofafrighteningfilmcanfeelincrediblydelightful—andmildhorror,sayresearchers,canalsohelpdeveloplastingpsychologicaltoughness.Palmssweat,heartbeatquickens,musclestense.(恐怖电影带来的刺激感令人无比愉悦——研究人员表示，轻度恐怖还能帮助培养持久的心理韧性。手心出汗、心跳加速、肌肉紧绷。)”描述了观看恐怖内容时的生理反应；下文“Isthisjustthereliefofhavingsurvived—orisitsomethingmore?(这仅仅是劫后余生的释然，还是另有原因？)”提出对这种反应后续感受的疑问。需要一句衔接“生理反应”与“后续感受”，且体现“恐惧消退后产生愉悦”的句子。选项D“当恐惧消退后，我们会留下愉悦的感觉。”既承接上文的恐惧时生理反应，又引出下文对“愉悦感来源”的疑问，逻辑衔接自然。故选D。【17题详解】上文“Fearisanancientemotionandscarystoriesarerootedinhumanhistory.Inearlysocieties,scarytaleswereusedtoteachchildrenaboutdangerstheymightencounter.(恐惧是一种古老的情绪，恐怖故事根植于人类历史。在早期社会，恐怖故事被用来教导孩子们可能遇到的危险。)”介绍了恐怖故事的历史作用；下文“Astudyfoundthathorrorfanswerementallytougher.“Theyhave,tosomeextent,beenexposedtosimilarscenesandcandrawonthatexperiencetofacenew,uncertainrealities.”(一项研究发现，恐怖爱好者的心理韧性更强。“在某种程度上，他们接触过类似场景，能够利用这些经验面对新的、不确定的现实。”)”引出当代研究结论。需要一句衔接“历史作用”与“当代研究”，且引发对“当代人喜欢恐惧”原因探讨的句子。选项C“如今，是什么吸引人们观看恐怖内容呢？”以“如今”衔接上文的历史背景，自然过渡到对当代人喜好原因的探究，契合文章从历史到当代的论述脉络。故选C。【18题详解】上文“Astudyfoundthathorrorfanswerementallytougher.“Theyhave,tosomeextent,beenexposedtosimilarscenesandcandrawonthatexperiencetofacenew,uncertainrealities.”saysMalmdorfAndersen.(一项研究发现，恐怖爱好者的心理韧性更强。马尔姆多夫安德森说：“在某种程度上，他们接触过类似场景，能够利用这些经验面对新的、不确定的现实。”)”呈现了研究结果及学者观点；此处需要一句承接该观点，解释“享受恐惧”合理性的句子。选项E“这表明，如果你将对恐惧的享受视为一种‘游戏形式’，它就合情合理了。”中的“这”指代上文研究发现，既解释了恐惧享受的内在逻辑，又为下文的实验研究做了铺垫，让论述更连贯。故选E。【19题详解】上文“Toinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenenjoymentandfear,MalmdorfAndersenstudiedagroupofpeoplewhowenttoahauntedhouse(鬼屋).Thefindingsindicatedthathumansdon’tlikebeingtoofarfromtheirnormalphysiologicalstate.(为了研究愉悦感与恐惧之间的关系，马尔姆多夫安德森对一组去鬼屋的人进行了研究。研究结果表明，人类不喜欢偏离正常生理状态太远。)”介绍了鬼屋实验及初步发现；下文““Theremightbeasweetspotbetweenfearandenjoyment.”saysMalmdorfAndersen.(马尔姆多夫安德森说：“恐惧和愉悦之间可能存在一个平衡点。”)”提出“平衡点”的核心观点。需要一句衔接“不喜欢偏离太远”与“平衡点”，且说明“适度偏离”的句子。选项B“相反，他们确实喜欢稍微走出自己的舒适区。”以“相反”承接上文“不喜欢偏离太远”，“稍微走出舒适区”恰好对应下文的“恐惧与愉悦的平衡点”，解释了实验发现与核心观点的关联，逻辑清晰。故选B。【20题详解】下文“Weallhaveauniquesenseofwhatwefindscary—whatcanbeathrillforonepersoncanbetrulyterrifyingforanother.Sodaretobescared—butjusttherightamount.(我们每个人对恐惧的感受都不同——对一个人来说是刺激的事情，对另一个人来说可能真的很可怕。所以，敢于体验恐惧，但要适度。)”强调每个人对恐惧的耐受度不同，需把握程度。需要一句点明“个体差异”的总起句。选项A“然而，请记住，每个人都是不同的。”直接点明段落核心“个体差异”，下文的“感受不同”“适度体验”都是对该句的具体阐述，逻辑连贯。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iknewmyparentshadafinerelationship,butIneverrealizedhowmuchmyfatheradoredmymother.Onlyaftermymother____21____Alzheimer’sdidmyfatherrevealhisimmenselove.Hedidn’ttalkabouthisfeelings.Butheshowedmehis____22____everyday.“Yourmotherlooksso____23____inthatsweatshirt,”myfathersaidwhenwewerewanderingthecorridorsofthememorycareunit.Momwaswalking____24____,holdingeachofourarms,herheadbent.Ihadn’treally____25____herclothes,butIstoppedtolook.Herpinksweatshirthighlightedtherosycolorinher____26____.Whenshelookedatmeandsmiled,herface____27____.Ittookmyfather’sobservationformetoseemymotherinanewlight.“Idiscoveredasurewaytomakeyourmother____28____.”myfathersaid.Later,whenMomwasdeepintothe____29____stages.WewereseatednexttoMom’sbed,watchinghertwisthersheet.I_____30_____forward,eagerformyfather’sthoughts.MyusualwaysofmakingMomsmilewere_____31_____meandIfeltsadwhensheandIwereunabletoconnect.“_____32_____this,”hesaidandheleanedforwardandgaveMomaseriesof_____33_____kissesonhercheek.Shesmiled,thenshegiggledandherbeautyshonesostronglythatI_____34_____understoodwhatmyfatherhadalwaysknown:beautyisthere,_____35_____you’relookingwithyourheart.21.A.sankinto B.reactedto C.dealtwith D.detectedwith22.A.burden B.relief C.sympathy D.devotion23.A.innocent B.pretty C.normal D.casual24.A.ahead B.aside C.along D.by25.A.noticed B.watched C.appreciated D.understood26.A.heart B.