高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 第3讲　利用衔接手段,化解七选五阅读

第3讲利用衔接手段,化解七选五阅读高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025技法1代词指代法技法2词汇复现法目录索引0102技法3词语同现法03技法4结构复现法04技法1代词指代法行文中为了避免与上文提到的名词重复,常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件,如it指代单数可数名词、不可数名词、句子;they指代复数名词;ones泛指复数名词;还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。其解题思路为:类型1

利用人称代词[典例](2024浙江1月卷)Thetipthatcomesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithin-personcourses.

39

Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.

A.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.分析

由下文“He

noted

that

his

online

students

usually

end

up

with

lower

grades.”可知,本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题,故D项能引起下文,下文中的He指代D项中的“Professor

Alex

Davidson”,符合题意。[自主解答]

D类型2

利用指示代词[典例](2024浙江1月卷)Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.

38

“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaself-motivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.

A.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.分析

由上文“The

most

obvious

advantage

of

online

learning

is

that

you

can

study

anywhere

and

anytime.”可知,在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习,本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题,故A项与上文构成转折关系,that指代上一句话,符合题意。[自主解答]

A技法2词汇复现法词汇复现法是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手法,即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述,从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。学生可利用文章的这一特点,在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。类型1

原词复现法原词复现指一个句子中的关键词(常为动词、名词、形容词)会反复出现在文中的其他句子中。这些词会以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现,如“looks”与“looking”“looked”;“go”与“going”“went”等。根据语言习惯,第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语,或者前后句有相同、重叠的词汇。因此,要学会寻找设空处上下句中的相同关键词。[典例](2024全国甲卷)Whatismoderation(适度)?Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.

36

Butitdoesn’tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.

E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon’tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.分析

前文提到,适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物,餐后感觉满足但不过量。F项“对我们许多人来说,适度意味着比现在吃得少。”

进一步解释了适度饮食的含义。F项中的moderation为同词复现。[自主解答]

F类型2

同/近义词复现同义词/近义词复现是指设空处的前后句或本段中的某个关键词(动词、名词、形容词或副词)的同义词/近义词在正确选项中出现。[典例](2023新课标Ⅰ卷)Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”

37

Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.分析

根据上文“In

a

journal

or

on

a

piece

of

paper,put

the

heading‘Personal

strengths.’”以及下文“Are

you

caring?Creative?Generous?A

good

listener?Fun

to

be

around?They

don’t

have

to

be

world-changing,just

aspects

of

your

personality

that

you’re

proud

of.”可知,空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。B项“Now

list

all

the

characteristics

you

like

about

yourself.”符合上下文内容,B项中的“characteristics

you

like

about

yourself”与空前的“Personal

strengths”及句尾的“personality

that

you’re

proud

of”属于同义词复现。[自主解答]

B类型3

反义词复现反义词复现是指上下文中有词义相反的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子。(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.

40

We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.分析

反义词复现解题。本段主要讲人从错误中学习成长。文中的changing提示人在不断变化,跟G项中的fixed互为反义词,形成对比,G项“不管你犯了什么错误,记住这不是你性格中固定的一面”承上启下,符合语境。[自主解答]

G类型4

同根词复现同根词复现指的是以同根词的词义为基础而词性不同的词语重复出现。[典例](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.

40

Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.

A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.分析

空前一句提到:你和你的同伴可能会有不同的技能。空后一句提到:随着时间的推移,你们俩都会受益——你的同伴会举起更多的重量,你会变得更健康。F项表示:接受你们之间的差异,学会相互合作。由此可知F项符合语境。前句中的different与选项中的differences为同根词复现。[自主解答]

F技法3词语同现法词语同现是指在意义上相互关联的词汇,如school,teacher,student,headmaster,class,test,fail,pass,learn等词有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现,构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链,也称之为语义场。[典例](2021全国甲卷)·Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go,”orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.

40

.Anddon’tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it’saparty!

D.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition分析

与上下文中的song,party可能同时出现的,只有D项中的music。[自主解答]

D技法4结构复现法结构复现:就是句子结构重复出现,常有also作为标志词。[典例](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Fitness

Magazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread:“

36

”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.

B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.分析

C项中的“You’ll...if

you...”与空前的“You’ll...if

you...”是结构复现,均为if引导的条件状语从句。由空前的“while

another

read”可知,此处应阐述另一个与别人一起锻炼的理由。C项“如果你和别人一起训练,你会更努力”符合语境。[自主解答]

C课堂应用Passage

1(2023浙江1月卷)Withgaspricesrisingandairportsecuritylinessnakinglongerthanever,whynotbookyournextdomesticvacationonatrain?Comparedtootheralternatives,it’scomfortableandrelaxing.Hereissomeadviceonhowtomakeatripbyrailaspleasantaspossible.Plan

ahead.Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutveryquickly.

1

Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it’sagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.

Use

a

travel

agent.Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdouble-checkallthedetails,makesuggestions,andthenhandletheactualreservations.Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.

2

Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.

Bring

a

blanket.Whenyou’reridingontrains,youwon’tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.

3

Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.

Arrive

early.Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster.

4

Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.

Have

fun.

5

Readabook,knit,doacrosswordpuzzle,orsimplywatchtheworldunfoldoutsidethewindow.Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600(thenumberofsecondsinanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile(thedistancebetweentwomileposts).Ifittakesthetrain53secondstotravelonemile,you’regoing67.92mph.

A.Traintripsaren’tforimpatienttypes.B.You’llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.C.Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.D.That’sparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.E.Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.F.Chancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.G.Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothediner.答案与解析

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一些使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。1.D

根据上文“Plan

ahead.Most

long-distance

trains,especially

the

sleeping

car

accommodations,sell

out

very

quickly.”以及下文“But

no

matter

when

you

travel,it’s

a

good

idea

to

make

your

reservations

at

least

90

days

in

advance.”可知,大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被订完,所以要提前安排预订,D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境,D项中“busy

summer

months”与上下文呼应,说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。2.G

根据上文“A

good

one

can

sometimes

find

you

discounted

tickets.”以及下文“Then

you

won’t

have

to

walk

through

several

cars

on

a

moving

train

three

times

a

day

for

your

meals.”可知,好的旅行社帮你预定,不仅可以找到打折的票,还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离,G项中“book

you

in

a

sleeping

car

that’s

right

next

to

the

diner”与上下文对应,因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。3.C

根据上文“When

you’re

riding

on

trains,you

won’t

be

provided

with

a

blanket

for

free,even

if

your

trip

is

an

overnight

one.”以及下文“In

the

summer

in

particular,the

air

conditioning

can

make

them

quite

cold.”可知,这里提到了车厢内温度的问题,提醒乘客最好自备毛毯,C项中“The

temperature

on

rail

cars”与上下文对应,因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。4.E

根据上文“Most

trains

operate

just

once

a

day

and

some

run

only

three

times

a

week,so

missing

yours

can

be

a

disaster.”以及下文“Note:The

times

listed

on

the

schedules

are

departure

times,not

arrival

times.”可知,本段提醒要提前安排时间,错过时间是很麻烦的事情,E项中“You

might

have

to

wait

longer”与上下文对应,说明错过火车导致的结果,因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。5.A

根据本段主旨句“Have

fun.”以及下文“To

calculate

your

speed

as

you

do,divide

3,600(the

number

of

seconds

in

an

hour)by

the

number

of

seconds

it

takes

you

to

travel

one

mile(the

distance

between

two

mileposts).”可知,本段讲述如何度过乘车时间,A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人,与下文要计算时间、用不同的方式打发时间对应,符合语境。Passage

2(2021新高考Ⅱ卷)Iftheonlyreadingyoueverdoisthenovelormagazine,thespeedatwhichyoureadprobablydoesnotmatterverymuch.Butifyouhavetoreadagreatdealforstudy,youwillappreciatethebenefitsofbeingabletoreadmorequickly.

6

●Beforeyouopenthebook,makesurethatyouarecomfortable.Youneedaseatwhichsupportsyourbackandthebookshouldbeattherightdistancefromyoureyes.

7

●

8

Lookatthetableofcontents,thepreface,thechapterheading,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutodecidewhetheryoureallyneedtoreadthewholebookoronlycertainpartsofit.Tenminutesspentinthiswaycouldsaveyouquitealotoftimeinthelongrun.

●Ifyoudecidethatyouneedtoreadthewholebook,decidehowmuchyoucanreadatatime.

9

Ahistorybookwhichmaycontainthefactsinstoryformwillbeeasiertoreadthanonedealingwithscientificsubjects.Intheformercaseyoumaybeabletoreadachapter.Inthelatteryoumayonlybeabletoreadonepage.

●Alwayskeepapencil