2023年四级阅读练习详细解析

第一章阅读理解

一.阅读理解概述

大学英语四级考试阅读部分共有四篇短文，考试时间为35分钟。每篇文章长度在25C-300

词左右，共有20题“考试形式为多项选择题，规定考生根据文章内容从中选出最住答案“阅

读理解占总分的40%,几乎达成总分的一半。因此，考生对阅理解这一部分应有足够的重

视。

阅读理解中的文章所涉及的题材十分广泛，但大体可分为两大类。一类是人文社会方面的,

诸如政治、经济、法律、历史、地理、文化、教育、人物、家庭、婚姻、伦理、犯罪以及

交通、能源、环境等社会问题。另一类是自然科学方面的，如动植物、生物、医学、地质、

海洋、天文、空间技术及其它最新科技发展及其成果。就文体而言，涉及记叙文、说明文、

议论文等。记叙文记叙过去发生的事件和经历，涉及传记、游记、报导、回忆录和故事等。

说明文说明客观事物和现象的特点和性能。议论文是采用摆事实讲道理的方式来论说某一

观点是否对的，由论点、论据与结论构成。从历届四级考题来看，虽然各类题材和文体都有,

但重要还是与科技内容有关的说明文与议论文。

I.阅读理解部分重要测试考生以下几方面的能力：

2.掌握所读文章的主旨和中心大意；

3.了解说明中心大意的事实和有关细节；

4.根据上下文判断词汇和短语的具体含义；

5.既能理解单个句子的意思，又能判断句与句之间存在的逻辑关系；

6.既能理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的分析、判断和推论；

7.领略作者的观点和态度。

由此可见，要想在阅读理解这一部分取得较佳成绩，考生除了要有一定的词汇短语及语

法知识作基础外，还必须具有一定的快速阅读能力和分析、理解、判断以及推理的能力。这

些能力是可以通过大量的阅读实践和•定的方法指导，逐步得到提高的。

阅读理解题目的类型及解题方法

1.很多同学在做阅读理解题时都有这样的经验，即使在能读懂文章的情况下，有时也

难免选错答案，其中一个重要因素，是没有把握住阅读理解题的一些基本特性。四

级考试阅读部分的题型重要有以下四种类型，各有其出题的目的与解题方法，现分

别介绍如下：

2.主旨题

主旨题是阅读理解中每次必考的问题类型之一，其E的在于考察考生是否能把握所读文

章的主旨和中心大意。

四级考试中，常见的主旨题有：

*Thebesttitleofthispassageis.

*Themostappropriatetitleforthispassageis.

.Th.mai.purpos.o.th.passag.i

*Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto.

*Themaintheme/topic/pointofthepassageis.

*Themain/central/principle/ideaofthispassageis.

.Th.passag.i.mainLaboa

小Thepassagecouldbetitled.

*Thepassageillustrates.

.Th.author*.attitud.towardi

.Th.ton.o.th.passag.ca.b.describe.a

*Whatisthemainsubject/topicofthepassage?

*Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss/dealwith?

*Whatisthemainideaexpressedinthispassage?

*Whatistheauthor'smainpoint?

*Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

*Withwhattopic/subjectisthepassagemainly/primarilyconcerned?

主旨题是有关整篇文章内容的问题，只要抓住了文武的中心思想，就能答好这类问题。

文章的中心思想往往可以通过主题句(TopicSenience)而得以确认。主题句是作者为了简

明扼要地表达其文章内容而使用的一个句子或者若干个句子，作者用主题句作引导来展开其

论述或对文章进行总结。文章中的其它句子则围绕着主题句展开，对主题句进行解释、补充

和说明。主题句一般多余现在文章的开头部分，但也有出现在文章中段部分或末尾的情况。

有时作者为了强调，甚至句首句末都用了主题句。考生应有较强的主题句意识，阅读和回答

主旨题时，留心细察，注意可以发现说明中心思想的主题句。

例文：

Ho.ca.yo.fin.ou.vvha.i.goin.o.insid..person’.body?-withou.openin.th.patien.up.Regula.X-

ray.ca.sho..lot.CA.scan.ca.sho.eve.more.Tans.

Wha.i..CA.scan.CA.stand.fo.Computerize.Axia.Toniograph.(层面X线照相

^).I.i..specia.X-ra.niachin.tha.obtain..360-degre.pictur.o..smaI.are.o..patient?.body.

Doctor.us.X-ray.t.stud.an.diagnos.discasc.an.injuric.withi.th.body.X-

ans一

an.t.b.X-raycd.

.CA.scanner.however.use..bea.o.X-ray.t.giv..cross-

sectiona.vie.o..specifi.par.o.th.body..fin.bea.o.X-

pute.analyze.th.inf

duce..clea.cross-

sectiona.imag.o..screen.Thi.imag.i.the.photographe.fb.late.use.Severa.cross-

sections.take.on.afte.another.ca.giv.clea.

“ans.Th.newes.CA.sacnner.ca.eve.giv.clea.image.o.active.mo

an.jus.a..fast-actio.c£mer.ca.

sto.th.action.givin.clca.imagc.o.wha.appcar.onl.inisitl.t.th.cyc.An.bccaus.o.th.360-

degre.pictures.CA.scan.sho.3-

an.i..nianne.tha.wa.onc.onl.reveale.duiin.surger.o.outops..examinin..dea.pat

ient).

To.muc.exposure.X-

ray.ca.caus.ski.burnsxance.o.othe.damag.t.th.body.Ye.CA.scan.actuall.don'.expos.th.patien.t.mo

r.radiatio.tha.convcntiona.X-

ray.do.CA.scan.ca.als.b.don.withou.injectin.dye.inl.lh.patient.s.the.ar.les.risk.tha.regula.X-

ccdurcs.

CA.rmation.The.ca.detec.sue..thin.bleedin.insid.th.brain.

The.ar.helpin.t.sav.lives.

Thepassageismainlyabout.

A)howtoavoidexposuretoX-rays

B)thenewestmedicalinvention

C)anewtypeofX-raymachinetosavelives

D)advantagesanddisadvantagesofCATscanners

本文的主:题句出现在第二段的第二句"IlisaspecialX-raymachinethatobtainsa360-

dcgrccpictureofasmallareaofapatient,sbody”以及全文的末一句"Theyarchelpingto

savelives"，因此,对的答案应为C)。而A)、B)、D)项均与内容不符。

当然，并非所有的文章都有明确的主题句。在这种情况下，考生应在通读原文并对的理

解所有细节的基础上，运用自己的逻辑分析能力、推理和概括的能力，找出文章的中心思

想。

上述主旨题中，有一部分是有关作者写作目的、态度、立场以及文章风格的，这规定考

生在了解文章大意的基础上,运用各种分析和推理的方法来解答。

2.细节题

细节题在四级统考试题中占有较大的比例，也是难度相对较易的题目。重要测试考生对的理

解字面意义和把握文章细节的能力，同时也需要考生运用综合和判断能力。通常是针对文章

中一些具体的信息，如事实、例证、因素、特点、过程、论述等进行提问。常见的提问形式

有：

Whichofthefollowingstatement/sentenceistrue/NOTtrue?

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?

*WhichofthefollowingistrueEXCEPT?

*WhichofthefollowingismentionedEXCEPT?

*WhichofthefollowingisNOTansweredby?

*WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredas?

*WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthepassage?

*WhichofthefollowingiscoiTectaccordingtothepassage?

*Accordingtothepassage,what/who/when/where!why/how?

在做此类问题时，考生应一方面注意看清题干中是否有“NOT”和“EXCEPT”等词。

经常有的考生做题心切或细心不够，没有看清问题就去做题，只是想当然地把对的的、符合

事实的一项选出，结果当然犯错。

此类题型的四个选择项所涉及的信息有时集中在一、二个句子里，有时也集中在某一个

段落里，这时候只要返回文章，在文中找到相关的句子，梢作考量和比较，就不难拟定对的选

项。但有时候四个选择项所涉及的信息分散在不同的句子，甚至是不同的段落之中，碰到这

种情况，考生须把四个选项逐个与文中有关信息加以对照，并运用排除法，这样可节省时间,

增长找出对的答案的机会，

例文：（同上）

WhatisNOTtrueofaCATscanner?

A）Itcanshow3-dimensionalviewsofbodyorgans.

B）Itutilizescomputertechniques.

C）Itmaycauseskinburnsorcancertothepatient'sbody.

D）ItissaferthanregularX-rayprocedures.

A）、B）、D）三项内容在文中都分别谈及，A）项可在第四段末句找到：“CATscans

show3-dimensionalviewsoforgans”。B）项可在第四段第三句找到:“Acomputer

analyzestheinformationfromeachangleandproducesaclearcross-sectionalimageona

screen/*D）项可在第五段末句找到：“CATscanscanalsobedonewithoutinjectingdyes

intothepatient,sotheyarelessriskythanregularX-tayprocedures.vC）项的有关内容可

在第五段第一、二句找到，但可以看到，C）项所谈情况不是CATscanner所导致，故答

案应选C）。

3.词汇题

阅读理解中的词汇题.重要是为了测试考生考生根据上下文推测词义的能力。它不同于

词汇测试部分的词汇题。后者所考的词汇，基本上是教学大纲所规定掌握的，而前者所考的

词汇，经常是超纲词或熟词新用。考生要回答的往往不是这个词的大约意思，也不是它的基

本意思，而是该词在一定的上下文中特定而确切的含义。阅读理解中的词汇题，通常有以下

提问方式：

*Theword”..…”inLine6/inthe5thparagraphprobablymeans.

*Theword"''inthepassagemeans.

*Theword”…”roughlyrefersto.

*Theexpression"”isclosestto.

*Thewriterusedtheword""toindicatethat.

*Theworld".…."inthecontextmeans.

*Bysayingthat"..…"theauthormeans.

*Fromthepassageweknowthat…”isatermreferringto.

*Theword”…vstandsfbr.

在做阅读理解中的词汇题的时候，考生应注意从上下乂中找到推断词义的线索，并且也应

当可以找到。须要注意的倒应当是不要望文生义,而应当根据上下文来拟定其具体含义。

例文：（同上）

Thewordsuforeignobject^^inParagraph.3mostprobablymeans.

A）astrangeorganthathasgrowninthebody

B）anewthingthatisunknowntothedoctor

C）aseverelyinjuredpartinsidethebody

D)asubstancethatgetsinsidethebodybychance

根据上下文，我们可以判断，“foreignobject”应指长在体中的“异物”，对照四个选项.D)

项最接近“异物”的意思，

4.推理题

在阅读理解的各类题目中，推理性的题目应当说是最困难的一类。考生之所以普遍感到比

较棘手,就在于这类题目的答案无法直接从文章中找到,它规定考生在理解原文的基础上,运

用自己的思维判断能力和头脑中已有的常识，领悟作者的弦外之音，对有关的内容进行符合

逻辑的推理,从而得出作者的真实意图或观点。常见的推理型题目重要有：

*Whichofthefollowingcanbe/cannotbeinferredfromthepassage?

*Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

.Byth.autho.implic..indicatc..suggest.tha

*Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

*Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against.

*Itcanbeconcludedihat.

*Thepassageisintendedto.

*Thetoneofthepassage/theauthormaybe.

*Accordingtotheauthor,whatdoesthesentencesuggest?

*Howdoestheauthorfeelabout?

*Intheauthor'sopinion,.

考生在做这类题目时，应当注意，既然是推理题，那这个答案就不应当是原文中直接提到的

内容，而应当是通过表面文字信息推理出来的。假如选项中的问题在文中有直接表述，那这

个选项就一定不是对的答案.做这类题目时，可以运用排除法,将不对的的选项一一排除，最

后得到对的答案。

例文：(同上)

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A)thepatientcanbeexposedtoaslightamountradiationsafely

B)CATscannerscantakephotosofbodyorgans

C）CATscannersneedcomputerstoanalyzetheinformation

D）CATscannersaremoreexpensive（hanregularX-raymachines

B）、C）选项在文中都有直接而明确的描述，不是推论，故应排出在外。D）项意思在文中虽

未提及，但其推论缺少依据。而A）项意思则可根据第五段内容推论出来，即，人体可以承受

微量的X线辐射而不致使身体受到损害。

做阅读理解题时，一般来讲，要避免这样一种心态，即，总是想把文章中每一个词或每一句话

的意义都弄清楚，每一个细节都掌握，否则就心里不踏实，就无法作题。其实并没有那个必

要。一篇文章二三百字，只有五个问题，不也许覆盖文中所有细节或每一个句子。只要抓住

文章大意和重要细节，就可以试着做题了。事实上，在做题时，有时候还需回过头去看原文,

查找所需信息,把问题与原文加以对照比较,才干得出对的答案。因此,考生平时在做阅读理

解题时,应注意培养自己快速阅读理解和抓文章大意的能力。

在做阅读理解题时，是先读文章后看题呢，还是先看题后读文章呢？对这个问题，历来见解

各异，并且，在不同情况卜，也的确各有千秋。但总的说来，我们主张考生还是应一方面以较

快速度通读全文，力求对文章大意和重要细节有所了解,然后才做题。在阅读文章时,应注意

用笔标出文章的主题词或主题句、逻辑关联词、有关时间和地点的词句、人名、数字等。

在做题的过程中，如有不明确的地方，再回过头在原文中杳找相关信息。这种阅读方式和习

惯,考生在平时就应当培养,这样考试时才会感到得心应手一点。

三.阅读理解短文（80篇）

Passage1

Researcher.hav.es(ablishe.tha.whe.peopl.ar.men(all.engaged.biochemica.change.occu.i.th.brai

.tha.allo.i.t.ac.mor.effectivel.i.cognitive(认知的)

arca.suc.a.attcntio.an.memory.Thi.i.tru.rcgardles.o.age.

Peopl.wil.b.aler.(警惕的.an.receptiv.(接受能力强

rmaiio.tha.get.the.t.(hin.abou.thing.the.ar.inlereste.in.An.someon.wit..histor

.o.doin.mor.rathe.tha.les..ol.ag.mor.cognitivel.soun.tha.someon.wh.ha.no.ha.a.activ.mind.

Man.expert.ar.s.convince.o.th.benefit.o.challengin.th.brai.tha.the.ar.puttin.th.theor.t.wor.i.thei

.ow.lives.

“Trmation,.say.Jame.Fozard.associat

.directo.o.th.Nationa.Institu:.o.Aging.

“Mos.o.u.don'.nee.tha.kin.o.skill.Seres.tha.bein.abl.t.maintai.menta.ale

rtncss..Fjo.thc.an

.becaus.the.ar.sur.tha.thei.rang.o.activitie.wil.hel.th.wa.thei.brain.work.

Gen.Cgag.i.mcnta.an.ph

ysica.aclivitie.inclividuall.a.wel.a.i.groups.Cohe.say.lha.w.ar.frequentl.advise.t.kee.physicall.activ.

a.w.age.bu.olde.pcopl.nee.t.kee.nientall.activ.a.well.Tellcctu

a.abilitie.an.(.b.generall.happie.an.bette.adjusled."Th.poin.is.yo.nee.t.d.both,.Cohe.says.

“intcllectua.activit.actuan.infkience.brain-cel.healt.an.size.”

I.Peopl.wh.ar.cognitivel.health.ar.thos...

A)whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B)whoarchighlyintelligent

C)whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D)whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentsounds

2.Accordin.t.Fozard'.argument.peopl.ca.mak.thei.brain.wor.mor.efficientl.by

A)constantlydoingmemorywork

B)takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C)goingthroughspecifictraining

D)makingfrequentadjustments

3.Th.finding.o.Jamc.an.othc.scicntist.i.thci.wor.

A)remainatheorylobefurtherproved

B)havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts

C)havebeengenerallyaccepted

D)arepractisedbytheresearchersthemselves

4.Olde.peopl.ar.generall.advise.t...

A)keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B)keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrains

C)maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D)maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

5.Wha.i.th.passag.mainl.about?

A)Howbiochemicalchangesoccurinthehumanbrain.

B)Whypeopleshouldkeepactivenotonlyphysicallybutalsomentally.

C)Howintellectualactivitiesinfluencebrain-cellhealth.

D)Whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage.

Passage2

Peopl.ca.b.addicte.t.differen.thing.-

.e.g..alcohol.drugs.cer(ai.fb(xis.o.eve.lelevision.Peopl.wh.hav.suc.a.addiciio.(癖好.

瘾.pulsiv.(难以克制

fi*J..i.e..the.hav..ver.powerfu.psychologica.nee.tha.the.fee.the.mus.satisfy.Accordin.t.psychologists.

pulsiv.spenders.The.fee.tha.the.mus.spen.money.Tpulsion.lik.mos.others.

i.irrationa.-.impossibl.t.explai.reasonably.Fpulsiv.spender.wh.bu.o.credi.(赊

购).charg.account.(赊购帐

.ar.eve.mor.excitin.tha.money.I.pulsiv.spender.fee.tha.wit.credit.the.ca.d.anytlii

ng.Thci.pleasur.i.spcndin.enormou.aniount.i.actuall.greate.tha.th.pleasur.tha.the.ge.fro.th.thing.the.

buy.

Thcr.i.cvc..spccia.psycholog.o.bargai.hunting.T.sav.nioncy.o.coursc.mos.peopl.loo.fb.salcs.lo

.prices.an.discounts.Compulsiv.bargai.hunters.however.ofte.ou.thing.tha.the.don'.nee.jus.becaus.th

e.ar.chcap.The.wan.t.believ.tha.thc.ar.hclpin.thci.budgcts.bu.thc.ar.rcall.playin.a.cxcitin.game.Wh

e.the.ca.bu.somethin.fo.les.tha.othe.people.lhe.fee.tha.the.ar.winning.Mos.people.expert.claini.hav

.tw.reason.fo.thei.behavior..goo.reaso.fo.th.thing.tha.the.d.an.th.rea.reason.

I.i.no.onl.scientists.o.course.wh.understan.th.psycholog.o.spcndin.habits.bu.als.businesspeopl

e.Spanies.an.advertiser.us.psycholog.t.increas.business.The.conside.people'.need.fo.love.

powcr.o.influcncc.thci.basi.values.thci.bclicf.an.opinions.an.s.o.i.thci.advcrtisin.an.salc.mcthods.

Psychologist.ofte.us..metho.calle."behavio.therap.(疗

法).blcms.I.th.sam.way.thc.ca.hcl.pcopl.wh.fee.tha.thc.hav.

problem.wit.money.

1.Apulsiv.spcnde.i.on.wh.spend.larg.amount.of

money.

A)andtakesgreatpleasurefromwhatheorshebuys

B)inordertosatisfyhisorherbasicneedsinlife

C)justtomeethisorherstrongpsychologicalneed

D)entirelywithanirratior.aleagerness

2.Accordin.t.th.pulsiv.bargai.hunter.ar.i.constan.searc.o.th.lowest

possibleprices.

A)becausetheywanttosavemoneytohelptheirbudgets

B)becausetheycanopenlyboastoftheirtriumphoverothersingettingthingsforless

C)andwillnothavemoneyproblemsiftheycankeeptotheirbudgets

D)buttheyseldomadmittheyfeelsatisfiediftheycangetthingsforlessthanothers

3.Whic.o.th.followin.i.true?

A)Allpeoplespendmoneyforexactlythesamereasonthattheyneedtobuythings.

B)Businesspeopleandadvertiserscanusethepsychologyofmoneytoincreasesales.

C)Businesspeopleunderstand(hepsychologyofcompulsivebuyingbetterthanscientists

do.

D)compulsivebargainhuntersdonothaveproblemswithmoney.

4.Th.articl.i.mainI.abou

A)thepsychologyofmoney-spendinghabits

B)thepurchasinghabitsofcompulsivespenders

C)aspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting

D)theuseofthepsychologyofspendinghabitsinbusiness

5.Fro.th.passag.w.ma.safe!.pulsiv.bargai.hunter

A)arcreallyunreasonable

B)needspecialtreatment

C)arereallybeyondremedies

D)cannevergetanyhelpiosolvetheirproblemswithmoney

Passage3

..Tmo.languag.use.throughou.th.worl.woul.d.niuc.t.brin.countrie.close.t.eac.o

thcr.Tinunicat.wit.on.anoth

e.give.ris.t.numerou.misunderstanding.an.make.rea.contac.belwee.peopl.o.differin.nalionalitie.imp

ossiblc.Mble.an.the.hav.aLfailcd.Th.fca.o.forcig.influcnc

.an.dominatio.rule.ou.th.universa.acceptanc.o.an.on.o.th.existin.majo.languages.Awar.o.lhi.difficul

ty.man.linguist.hav.constructe.artificia.languagc.whic.coul.hav.n.possibLpolitica.ovcrtoncs.Thc.ha

v.argue.tha..languag.o.thi.sor.woul.perfor.muc.th.sam.servic.a.Lati.di.i.th.Middl.Ages.

Althoug.linguist.succeede.i.makin.thei.artificia.langjage.extremel.simpl.s.tha.the.wojLb.

cas.t.learn.thci.cffort.sccmc.doonic.fro.th.start.Th.rcaso.fo.thi.i.tha.thcr.i.n.rca.inccntiv.t.lcar.a.artif

icia.Ianguage.Ther.i.nothin.t.guarante.tha.everybod.i.willin.t.mak.th.effort.ther.i.n.assuranc.tha.th.I

earne.wil.hav.an.adequat.retur.fo.hi.toil.Whe.peopl.toda.undertak.t.lear..fbreig.language.the.ar.no.i

ntereste.onl.i.speakin.i(.Masler.o..languag.make.availabl.(.(h.learne..grea.dea.o.wor(hwhil.literatur.

an.man.curren.publications.Thi.i.th.bigges.stunibling-bloc.o.al.fo.th.artificially-

constructe.tongue.Havin.n.literatur.o.it.own.al.i.ca.offe.i..limite.o.translations.whic.ar.valuele$.i.th

emselves.No.ca.i.acquir.an.literature.fb.i.woul.hav.(.b.use.fo..grea.man.generation.befor.thi.couLb

ecom.possible.M.bein.man.'national.dialect.an.th.la

nguag.wouLthu.defea.it.ow.purpose.

Anolhe.seriou.objectio.i.th.fac.tha..languag.i.shape.b.us.an.no.b.design.I.i..livin.thin.whic.

i.forcvc.growin.an.changing.I.takc.hundrcd.o.ycar.bcfor.i.ca.acquir.richncs.an.dcpth.La.artificia.la

nguage.however.th.meaning.o.woid.ar.rigidLdefined.Inflexibilit.make.fb.a.absenc.o.subtlety.s.tha.

n.rcall.fin.mcanin.ca.b.convcycd.Thoug.thi.qualit.migh.b.adinirabl.fd.scicntifi.publications.i.grcatl

.impede.th.fbrmatio.o.an.signiflcan.literature.Lati.wa.idea.i.lhi.respect.fo.i.wa..'dead.languag.wit..I

iterature.a.artificia.on.i.'dead.fro.th.start.Thi.make.i.likel.tha.existin.languag.barrier.wil.remai.wit.

u.fo..ver.lon.time.

l.Wha.woul.b.th.bes.titl.fo.thi.passage?

A)LanguageBarriersInCommunication

B)Latin,ADeadButIdealLanguage

C)ArtificialLanguage,ASolutiontoLanguageBarrier

D)ProblemsWithArtificialLanguages

2.According.th.passage.whic.o.th.followin.statement.i.no.true?

A)Althoughitiseasytotravelaroundtheworldnow,rea'contactisimpossibleasaresult

ofourinabilitytocommunicate.

B)Toovercomethelanguagebarrier,peopleallovertheworldwelcomeoneofthemajor

languages(obeuniversal.

C)Peopleareafraidoflosingtheirownlanguagesasaresultofthedominationofmajorforeign

languages.

D)Therearcnumerousmisunderstandingsinpeople'scontacts.

3.Th.wor."doomed.(Par.2.Line2.i.thi.passag.mean

A)welcomedB)acclaimed

C)dislikedD)defeated

4.Accordin.t.th.passage.artificia.language.haven'.succeede.i.overcomin.languag.barrier.mainl.beca

us

A)theyaredesignedbutnotshapedinuse.

B)theylackincentivestolearners.

C)theywillbemixedwithnationaldialects.

D)theyhavenoliteratureoftheirown.

5.Accordin.t.th.passage.th.author'.attitud.toward.artificia.language.ca.b.bcst

describedas.

A)optimisticB)sarcastic

C)negativeD)positive

Passage4

..1.183.th.polica.economis.Malthou.predicte.tha.i.tim.mankin.woul.fac.starvation.havin.outgrow.th.avail

abl.fbo.supplies.Today..ceniur.an..haLlater.ther.ar.stil.expert,wh.fbrecas.th.sam.globa.disaster

unles.urgen.measure.ar.take.t.preven.it.

B.lio.peopLIivin.o.thi.globe.a.increa

s.o.ovc.fift.pcrcen.o.today..figure.Lordc.t.kcc.pac.wit.thi.incrcas.i.mankin.th.farmcr.o.th.worl.woul

.ductio.o.foo.b.a.leas.tw.percen.ever.year.Suc..rat.o.increas.ha.neve.bee.maintai

ne.i.an.couiKr.b.convenliona.method.o.agriculture.despit.moder.mechanizatio.an.th.widesprea.us.o

.fertilizer.Ther.ar.n.larg.worthwhil.reserve.o.potentia.farmlan.remaining.an.goo.fertil.lan.i.continu

all.bein.diverte.t.industria.use.Moreover.erosio.o.th.soi.take..cons(an.toll.

Intensiv.research.carrie.ou.ove.man.year.i.al.manner.o.climati.condi(duce..revolutio

nar.metho.o.growin.ciop.withou.usin.an.soi.a.all.Hydioponics.a.thi.techniqu.i.called.ma.wel.b.th.a

nswe.l.al.ou.lbo.worries.Aducin.hug.crops.Hydroponic,wa.onc

..complicatie.an.expensiv.business.no.i.i.wel.ou.o.th.experimenta.stage.Labou.cost.ar.fa.lowe.tha.

whe.method.o.agricultur.ar.employed.I.pletel.automati.system.Tlier.i.n.har.manua.wor

k.n.diggin.o.ploughing.an.n.weedin.t.spea.of.Yield.ca.b.fa.highe.tha.thc.ar.i.soil.

1.Whic.o.th.followin.bes.sum.u.th.whol.passage'?

A)Malthus'predictionhasbeenprovedtobecorrectbymodernexperts.

B)Hydroponicsmaybetheanswertotheworldfoodshortageinthefuture.

C)Hydroponicsisanewdevelopmentinagriculture.

D)Conventionalmethodsofagricultureshouldbeimprovedsoastostepupfoodproductionby

twopercenteveryyear.

2.Th.phras."havin.outgrow.ih.availabl.foo.supplies.i.th.firs.paragrap.implie.lha

A)theavailablefoodsupplieswillbeenoughtofeedworldpopulation

B)theearthistooexhaustedtosupportitsincreasingpopulation

C)worldpopulationwillgrowataratefasterthanfoodproduction

D)foodsupplieswillbetoomuchavailableforwouldpopulation.

3Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemainreasonwhyanincreaseintheproductionoffoodis

notbeachieved?

A)Conventionalmethodsofagriculturearestillprevailingallovertheworld.

B)Modernmechanizationandtheuseoffertilizersarenotwellpopularizedintheworld.

C)Therearenotenoughpotentialfannalandreservesleft.

D)Landisbeinglostthrougherosionandindustrialization.

4.Whic.o.th.follwoin.statement.i.no.tru.o.hydroponics?

A)Hydroponicsisconsideredarevolutionarymethodofagriculture.

B)Hydroponicsisstilltoocomplicatedandexpensiveforpracticaluse.

C)Hydroponicshadcreatedwondersinagriculture.

D)Hydroponicshadalreadybeenemployedinfoodproduction.

5.Judgin.fro.th.passage.th.irios.importan.advantag.o.hydroponic.shoul.b.

A)higheryieldB)lowerlabourcosts

C)moreautomationD)lesshardmanualwork

Passage5

Lpute.histoiy.th.eaith'.postwa.era.thei.

wa.quit..wide-

puter.woul.tak.ove.th.worl.fro.ma.on.day.Alread.today.les.tha.for

puter.ar.relievin.u.o.mor.an.mor.o.th.routin.task.i.busines.an.i.ou.per

blem.Peopl.ten.t.b.over-

puter.an.ar.reluctan.t.challeng.thei.authority.Indeed.the.behav.a.i.the.wer.

hardl.awar.tha.pute.ma.simpl.malfunctio.(^i^).

Obviously,therewouldbenopointininvestinginacomputerifyouhadtocheckallits

answers,butpeopleshouldalsorelyontheirowninternalcomputersandcheckthemachinewhen

(heyhavethefeelingthatsomethinghasgonewrong.

Questionin.an.routin.double-check.mus.continu.t.b.a.muc..par.o.goo.biisines.a.the.wer.i.pre-

conipute.days.M.wit.th.vide.i.s

houl.no.b.see.a..substitut.fo.fundamenta.thinkin.au.reasonin.skills.

I.Wha.i.th.mai.purpos.o.thi.passage?

A)Tolookbacktotheearlydaysofcomputers.

B)Toexplainwhattechnicalproblemsmayoccurwithcomputers.

C)Todiscourageunnecessaryinvestmentincomputers.

D)Towarnagainstamentallylazyattitudetowardscomputers.

2.Aputer.wa.lha.the.migh

A)changeourpersonallives

B)(akecontroloftheworld

C)createunforeseenproblems

D)affectourbusinesses

3.Th.passag.recommend.thos.dealin.wputer.t...

A)bereasonablydoubtfulaboutthem

B)checkailtheiranswers

C)substitutethemforbasicthinking

D)usethemfbrbusinesspurposesonly

4.Tble.wpu(er.i...

A)challengingB)psychological

C)dramaticD)fundamental

5.1.ca.b.inferre.fro.th.passag.tha.tli.autho.woul.disapprov.o...

A)investmentincomputers

B)(heuseofone'sinternalcomputer

C)doublc-chcckoncomputers

D)completedependenceoncomputersfordecision-making

Passage6

Attentio.t.detai.i.somethin.eveiyon.ca.an.shoul.d..especial!.i..tigh.jo.market.Bo.Crossley..hum

.cros.hi.des.ever.day.

°It'.amazin.ho.man.candidate.eliminat.themselves,.h.says.

Resumg.(简

lb.arriv.wit.stains.Soin.candidate.don'.bothe.t.spel.th.company'.nam.correctly.One..se..mistake.,eli

niinat.th.candidate,.CrossIeconcludes."I.the.canno.tak.car.o.thes.details,wh.shoul.w.trus.the.wit.J

ob?"

Ca.w.pa.to.muc.attcntio.t.dctails.Absolutely.Perfectionist.struggl.ove.littl.thing.a.th.cos.o.som

ethin.large.the.wor.(oward."T.kee.fro.losin.th.fores.fo.th.trees,.say.Charle.Gfess

o.a.lh.Universit.o.Califomia.Sa.Francisco.w.mus.constantl.as.ourselve.ho.lh.delailAve'r.workin.o.fi

.int.th.large.picture.I.the.don't.w.shoul.dro.the.au.mov.t.somethin.else."

Gpiite.scientis.a.NASA."Th.Apoll.l.moo.launc.\va.sl

ightl.off-

cours.9.pcrccn.o.th.time,.say.Garficld."Bu..succcssfu.landin.wa.stil.likeLbccaus.w.kne.th.cxac.coo

rdinate.o.ou.goal.Thi.allowe.u.t.mak.adjustmenl.a.necessary..Knowin.wher.w.wan.(.g.help.u.judg.l

h.importanc.o.evcr.tas.w.undertake.

To.ofle.w.believ.wha.accoun(.fb.o(hers.succes.i.som.specia.secre.o..Iuck.brea.(机

遇).Bu.rarcl.i.succcs.s.mystcrious.Agai.an.again.w.sc.tha.b.(ioin.littl.thing.withi.ou.gras.wcll.larg.r

eward,follow.

1.Accordin.t.th.passage.som.jo.applicant.wer.rejecte...

A)becauseoftheircarelessnessasshownintheirfailuretopresentacleancopyofaresume

B)becauseoftheirinadequateeducationasshownintheirpoorspellinginwritingaresume

C)becausetheyfailedtogiveadetaileddescriptionoftheirbackgroundintheirapplications

D)becausetheyeliminatedtheirnamesfromtheapplicantslistthemselves

2.Th.wor."perfectionists.(Lin.1.para.3.refer.t.thos.wh...

A)demandotherstogeteverythingabsolutelyright

B)knowhowtoadjusttheirgoalsaccordingtothecircumstances

C)paytoomuchattentiontodetailsonlytolosetheirmajorobjectives

D)arecapableofachievingperfectresultsinwhatevertheydo

3.Whic.o.th.following.th.author'.advic.t.th.reader?

A)Althoughtoomuchattentiontodetailsmaybecostly,(heyshouldnotbeoverlooked.

B)Don'tforgetdetailswhendrawingpictures.

C)Beawareoftheimportanceofataskbeforeundertakingit.

D)Carelessapplicantsarcnottobetrusted.

4.Th.exampl.o.th.Apoll.I.inoo.launc.i.give.t.illustrat.tha...

A)minormistakescanbeignoredinachievingmajorobjectives

B)failureisthemotherofsuccess

C)adjustmentsare(hekeytothesuccessfulcompletionofanywork

D)keepingone'sgoalinir.indhelpsindecidingwhichdetailscanbeoverlooked

5.Th.bes.titl.fo.thi.passag.wDul.b

A)Don'tBeaPerfectionist

B)ImportanceofAdjustments

C)DetailsandMajorObjectives

D)HardWorkPlusGoodLuck

Passage7

..Th.nanie.o.Galen.Andres.Vesalius.an.VVininentl.i.th.histor.o.man”.stud.o.hi.

ow.body.Galen..Gree.wh.practice.medicin.i.Rom.i.th.sccon.centur.A.D..contribute.immcasur

abl.t.tli.understandin.o.anatom.(解剖学).Hi.dissection.(解

nlJ.wer.limite.t.apes.hovevr.becaus.Roma.religiou.an.philosophica.attitude.mad.experimentat

io.o.th.huma.bod.unthinkable.Eve.so.hi.reputatio.wa.s.outstandin.an.hi.conclusion.wer.s.logi

ca.tha.hi.writing.o.anatom.an.physiolog.wer.accepte.b.medica.mc.fo.mor.tha..thousan.years..

..Vesalius..citize.o.Belgium.wh.wen.t.Pari.t.stud.medicin.mad.th.firs.majo.successfu.challeng.o.th.

teaching.an.th.theorie.o.Galen.Vposin.tha.knowledg.o.huma.anato

m.shoul.b.learne.fro.huma.bodies.N.on.too.hi.seriousl.becaus.ther.wa..Fhibitin.dissectio

.o.th.hunia.body.Vesalius.nevertheless.conducte.researc.i.secret.Whe.h.publishe.hi.boo.o.hurna.an

atoni.i.l543.medica.scientist.criticize.hi.fo.darin.t.attac.th.wiiting.o.Galen.

Eighty-

fiv.year.later.a.E.Harve.puhlishe..boo.lha.disprove.Galen'.theor.o.bloo.circulati

on.Aithoug.Harvcy'.cxplan£tio.wa.no.univcrsall.acccptc.a.th.time.mcdica.me.o.toda.crcdi.hi.\vit.o

n.o.th.greates.advance.i.medica.historj/.

l.Th