重庆市某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期第一阶段考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1重庆市某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期第一阶段考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AInformationYouCanTrust—AGuidetoOurEditorialProcessOurgoalatwikiHowistodelivertrustworthyarticlesthatengageourreadersandmeettheirinformationalandemotionalneeds.For18years,we’vecommittedtoourstep-by-stepteachingmodelandcontinuetocreatethebesthow-toexperienceontheInternet.We’vehelpedmillionsofpeoplesolveproblems,learnnewskills,andfeelsupportedintheordinaryandcomplexmomentsoflife.OurExpertTeamwikiHowpartnerswithover1,000expertsfromawiderangeoffieldstoensureourcontentisaccurateandbasedonwell-establishedresearch.●MENTALHEALTH,ChloeCarmichael,LicensedClinicalPsychologistLicensedClinicalPsychologist.Specializesinrelationshipandstress.●PETS,BrianBourquin,Veterinarian(兽医)andClinicOwnerOwnerofBostonVeterinaryClinic,specializinginprimaryandemergencycare.●DIY,JoyCho,Founder&CreativeDirectorFounderandCreativeDirectoroflifestylebrandanddesignstudio.Authoredthreebooksandconsultedforcreativebusinessesaroundtheworld.●PERSONALSTYLE,DedraAllen,Cosmetologist(美容师)CEOofJdoahBeautySalon.Over30yearsofexperienceasalicensedcosmetologist.MeetmoreofwikiHow’s1700+experts>>OurEditorialProcessOurcontentiscreatedandeditedbyrealandseasonedprofessionalwriterssothatourusersareservedthemostoriginal,helpful,andaccurateinformationpossibleatwikiHow.CONTENTCREATIONACCURACYREVIEWEXPERTINPUTTRACKEDANDUPDATEDArticlesarecreatedbyourteamoftrainedwritersandourcommunityofhow-toandDIYenthusiasts.ArticlesubmissionsarereviewedbyContentManagerstoensuretheyarewell-researched.Articlesareexpandedandreviewedbyanappropriateexpert.Articlesaretrackedandupdatedbasedondataanalysisandfeedbackfromreadersandthecommunity.1.WhatistheprimaryfocusofwikiHow?A.Toprovidesystematicschooling.B.Togivedetailedandpracticaladvice.C.Tomakecommentsoncurrentaffairs.D.Tosharetruestoriesofdifferentpeople.2.Ifyouintendtoopenasouvenirstore,whichexpertmightbemosthelpful?A.ChloeCarmichael. B.BrianBourquin.C.JoyCho. D.DedraAllen.3.WhatisasharedresponsibilityofContentManagersandexpertsatwikiHow?A.WritingarticlesforwikiHow. B.TrainingwritersforwíkiHow.C.Ensuringthecredibilityofarticles. D.Reviewingtheoriginalityofarticles.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了wikiHow网站的功能和文章编辑过程。【1题详析】细节理解题。由文章第一段“For18years,we’vecommittedtoourstep-by-stepteachingmodelandcontinuetocreatethebesthow-toexperienceontheInternet. We’vehelpedmillionsofpeoplesolveproblems,learnnewskills,andfeelsupportedintheordinaryandcomplexmomentsoflife.(18年来，我们一直致力于循序渐进的教学模式，并继续创造最好的互联网体验。我们已经帮助数百万人解决问题，学习新技能，并在生活中的普通和复杂时刻感受到支持。)”可知，该网站的主要目标是为读者提供解决问题的具体指导和建议。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据

DIY,JoyCho,Founder&CreativeDirector部分中“FounderandCreativeDirectoroflifestylebrandanddesignstudio.Authoredthreebooksandconsultedforcreativebusinessesaroundtheworld.(生活方式品牌及设计工作室创始人及创意总监。撰写了三本书，并为世界各地的创意企业提供咨询。)”可知，JoyCho为创意性商业提供咨询，如果你打算开一个纪念品店，或许是最有帮助的。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“OurExpertTeamwikiHowpartnerswithover1,000expertsfromawiderangeoffieldstoensureourcontentisaccurateandbasedonwell-establishedresearch.(我们的专家团队与来自广泛领域的1000多名专家合作，以确保我们的内容准确无误，并基于完善的研究。)”；表格中ACCURACYREVIEW部分中“ArticlesubmissionsarereviewedbyContentManagerstoensuretheyarewell-researched.(文章提交由内容管理人员审查，以确保它们经过充分研究。)”以及表格中EXPERTINPUT部分中“Articlesareexpandedandreviewedbyanappropriateexpert.(文章由合适的专家进行扩展和审查。)”可知，内容经理和专家的共同责任是确保文章的可信度。故选C。BOurshipsailedontheseaintotheEarth’snight.Here,therewasnovisiblelightfromtheSunortheEarthEngines.Butaswelookedup,wechildrensawthestarryskyforthefirsttimeinourlives.Howbreathtakinglybeautifulitwas!MsXingputanarmarounduswhilepointingattheskywithherotherhand.“Look,children!ThatisProximaCentauri(比邻星),ournewhome!”Withthesewords,tearsranslowlydownherface.Beforelong,wewereallintears—eventhecaptainandcrew.WealllookedinthedirectionthatMsXingwaspointing.Therewasonlyonepointoflightamongthetwinklingstarsthatshinedconstantly:ProximaCentauri—theonlysourceofhopeandcomfortforahundredfuturegenerations.“Whateverriskswemighttake,wewillfinallymakeitthere!”saidthecaptain,inanassuredvoice.Onourwaybackfromthesea,wesawthefirstsignthatEarthhadbegunitsjourney.Inthenightsky,ahugecomethadappeared.ItwastheMoon,abandonedbyhumankind.LunarEngineshadbeeninstalledtotheMoontoforceitoutofitsorbitsothatadisastrouscrashcouldbeavoidedastheEarthspedupandmovedaway.Asitprogressed,thegravitationaltideoftheMooncausedtheoceantoswell,creatinggiganticwaves.WequicklygotofftheshiptoourdestinationintheSouthernHemisphere.Thenextfewdayswerethecountdowntoourdeparture.Finallycamethebigday!AsEarthEngineswassetatafullpower,wegotimmediatelyblindedbythebrightlightfromit.Thisaccelerationcreatedmassivetsunamishundredsofmetershighthatcrashedontothecoastsofeverycontinent.Burninghothurricanesroaredthroughtheboilingwaves,screamingwithwildfuryandpullingupalmosteverytreeonEarth.OurEarth,withitsbluetailcuttingthroughthedarknessofspace,hadsetoutonitslongjourney,andwithitwentallofhumankind.4.Whydidweallcrywhenlookingupintothesky?A.BecausewehadtoabandontheEarth.B.Becausewewerefascinatedbythestars.C.Becausewesawournewsettlement.D.Becausewefeltlonelyintheuniverse.5.WhatwasthefunctionoftheLunarEngines?A.ToprotecttheEarthfromadeadlyimpact.B.TomakesuretheMoonrunsinitsorbit.C.TokeepthemoonatthesamespeedastheEarth.D.ToshelterhumansfromthetideoftheMoon.6.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethejourney?A.Smoothandsteady. B.Endlessandhopeless.C.Excitingandentertaining. D.Ambitiousandadventurous.7.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Apersonaldiary. B.Asciencefiction.C.Atravelmagazine. D.Anacademicarticle.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。讲述了人类因为未知原因，所有人类乘坐地球前往比邻星的故事。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“MsXingputanarmarounduswhilepointingattheskywithherotherhand.“Look,children!ThatisProximaCentauri(比邻星),ournewhome!”Withthesewords,tearsranslowlydownherface.Beforelong,wewereallintears—eventhecaptainandcrew.WealllookedinthedirectionthatMsXingwaspointing.Therewasonlyonepointoflightamongthetwinklingstarsthatshinedconstantly:ProximaCentauri—theonlysourceofhopeandcomfortforahundredfuturegenerations.(Xing女士用一只手搂着我们，另一只手指着天空。“看，孩子!那是比邻星，我们的新家!”说着这些话，眼泪慢慢地顺着她的脸流了下来。没过多久，我们都流下了眼泪——包括船长和船员。我们都朝邢老师指的方向看。在不断闪烁的星星中，只有一个亮点：比邻星——它是未来一百代人希望和安慰的唯一来源)”可知，因为“我们”看到了新的定居点，所以“我们”在仰望天空的时候都会哭泣。故选C项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“LunarEngineshadbeeninstalledtotheMoontoforceitoutofitsorbitsothatadisastrouscrashcouldbeavoidedastheEarthspedupandmovedaway.(月球发动机被安装在月球上，以迫使它脱离其轨道，以便在地球加速和远离时避免灾难性的撞击)”可知，月球引擎的功能是为了保护地球免受致命的撞击。故选A项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“OurEarth,withitsbluetailcuttingthroughthedarknessofspace,hadsetoutonitslongjourney,andwithitwentallofhumankind.(我们的地球，带着蓝色的尾巴划过黑暗的太空，开始了它的漫长旅程，全人类也随之而去)”可知，述这次旅行，人类不但自己出发了，还带上了地球本身，所以是雄心勃勃且富有冒险精神。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“OurEarth,withitsbluetailcuttingthroughthedarknessofspace,hadsetoutonitslongjourney,andwithitwentallofhumankind.(我们的地球，带着蓝色的尾巴划过黑暗的太空，开始了它的漫长旅程，全人类也随之而去)”以及纵观全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了所有人类乘坐地球前往比邻星的故事，所以应是来自一篇篇科幻小说。故选B项。CAmericanfamiliesdon’tsavemoneyliketheyusedto.In2018thepersonalsavingratewassomewherearound7%,whichiswellbelowtherateofafewdecadesago.Therearealotofpotentialexplanationsforthis.Wagegrowthhasslowedwhilenecessitiessuchashousingandmedicalcarehavegrownmoreexpensive.Theriseofeasycredithasmadeoverspendingeasierthanever.Andthenumberofpeoplewhomakeabudgetisdecreasing.Now,ateamofU.S.andCanadianeconomistshaveproposedanewexplanationforthedecliningsavingsrate,onerootedinindividualpsychology.Atitsheartliesasimpleobservation:Spendingisalotmorevisiblethannotspending.Humansaresocialcreatures,andwehaveatendencytoevaluateourownstandinginliferelativetohowourfriendsandneighborsaredoing.WewanttokeepupwiththeJoneses,andstayaheadoftheSmiths.Becauseofthis,whenweseeotherpeoplespendingmoneywehaveatendencytobelievethatwecan—orshould—bespendingtoo.Nowadays,changesinthemedialandscapehavemadeotherpeople’sspendingmorevisiblethanever.That,inturn,ismakingallofusspendevenmore—andsaveevenless.DavidHirshleifer,oneoftheeconomists,saidthat“it’seasytothinkthatyou’resavingenoughbecauseyouarenotthrowingluxurypartiesortakingexpensivejourneysthewaysomepeopleyouknoware.”But,hewarned,“thosejourneysandpartiesmaynotreallybetypicalofyouracquaintances—theyjuststandoutinmemory.”Theeconomistsimplythatfindingwaystomakenon-spendingmorevisiblemighthelpindividualsdevelopmorerealisticviewsofoverallspendingandsavingbehavior.“Makeaspecialefforttonoticewhenyourfriendsarecarefulwithmoney,suchasholdingontotheir15-year-oldcar,”Hirshleifersaid.8.WhichofthefollowingisapotentialexplanationforthelowsavingrateinAmerica?A.Thereductionintheincome. B.Theeasyaccesstomoney.C.Thegrowingdesireforhousing. D.Thedifficultyinstickingtoabudget.9.The“individualpsychology”mentionedinparagraph3referstoatendencyto______.A.showoffwealth B.connectwithothersC.compareoneselftoothers D.adaptoneselftosocialchange10.WhatisthewarningofDavidHirshleifer?A.Itisimpropertocopyothers’spendinghabits.B.Itisunwisetospendmorethanonecanafford.C.Onemayspendtoomuchonjourneysandparties.D.Onemayhavemisunderstandingofothers’spendinghabits.11.Whatdotheeconomistssuggestpeopledo?A.Makegooduseofmoney. B.Saveasmuchmoneyaspossible.C.Payattentiontonon-spendingbehavior. D.Changeoverallspendingandsavingbehavior.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国低储蓄率背后的原因以及给人们的消费建议。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theriseofeasycredithasmadeoverspendingeasierthanever.Andthenumberofpeoplewhomakeabudgetisdecreasing.(宽松信贷的增加使得过度消费比以往任何时候都容易。做预算的人越来越少)”可知，容易获得金钱是美国低储蓄率的一个潜在解释。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Humansaresocialcreatures,andwehaveatendencytoevaluateourownstandinginliferelativetohowourfriendsandneighborsaredoing.WewanttokeepupwiththeJoneses,andstayaheadoftheSmiths.Becauseofthis,whenweseeotherpeoplespendingmoneywehaveatendencytobelievethatwecan—orshould—bespendingtoo.(人类是社会性动物，我们倾向于根据朋友和邻居的表现来评估自己的生活状况。我们要赶上琼斯家的人，走在史密斯家的前面。正因为如此，当我们看到别人花钱时，我们倾向于认为我们也可以——或者应该——花钱)”可知，第三段提到的“个体心理”指的是一种把自己和别人比较的倾向。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“DavidHirshleifer,oneoftheeconomists,saidthat“it’seasytothinkthatyou’resavingenoughbecauseyouarenotthrowingluxurypartiesortakingexpensivejourneysthewaysomepeopleyouknoware.”But,hewarned,“thosejourneysandpartiesmaynotreallybetypicalofyouracquaintances—theyjuststandoutinmemory.”(其中一位经济学家大卫·赫施莱弗说，“你很容易认为自己存够了钱，因为你没有像你所知道的一些人那样举办豪华派对或进行昂贵的旅行。”但是，他警告说，“那些旅行和聚会可能并不是你认识的人的典型特征——它们只是在你的记忆中突出而已。”)”可知，大卫·赫施莱弗的警告是一个人可能对别人的消费习惯有误解。故选D。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theeconomistsimplythatfindingwaystomakenon-spendingmorevisiblemighthelpindividualsdevelopmorerealisticviewsofoverallspendingandsavingbehavior.“Makeaspecialefforttonoticewhenyourfriendsarecarefulwithmoney,suchasholdingontotheir15-year-oldcar,”Hirshleifersaid.(这两位经济学家暗示，想办法让不花钱的行为更引人注目，可能有助于个人对整体支出和储蓄行为形成更现实的看法。赫施莱弗说：“当你的朋友在花钱方面很谨慎时，你要特别注意一下，比如他们那辆开了15年的车是否还留着。”)”可知，经济学家建议人们注意非消费行为。故选C。DThosewhospentmoretimetypingorspeakingwithChatGPTeachdaytendedtoreporthigherlevelsofemotionaldependenceon,andproblematicuseof,thechatbot,aswellasheightenedlevelsofloneliness,accordingtonewresearchfromOpenAIinpartnershipwiththeMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Thefindingswerepartofapairofstudiesconductedbyresearchersatthetwoorganizations.ThelaunchofChatGPTinlate2022helpedkickoffacrazeforgenerativeartificialintelligence.Sincethen,peoplehaveusedchatbotsforeverythingfromcodingtotherapysessions.AsdeveloperslikeOpenAIpushoutmoresophisticatedmodelsandvoicefeaturesthatmakethembetteratimitatingthewayshumanscommunicate,thereisarguablymorepotentialforformingparasocialrelationshipswiththesechatbots.Toconductthestudies,theresearchersfollowednearly1,000peopleforamonth,participantshadawiderangeofpriorexperiencewithChatGPTandwererandomlyassignedatext-onlyversionofitoroneoftwodifferentvoice-basedoptionstouseforatleastfiveminutesperday.Someweretoldtocarryoutopen-endedchatsaboutanythingtheywanted;othersweretoldtohavepersonalornon-personalconversationswiththeservice.TheresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhotendtogetmoreemotionallyattachedinhumanrelationshipsandaremoretrustingofthechabotweremorelikelytofeellonelierandmoreemotionallydependentonChatGPT.Theresearchersdidn’tfindthatamoreengagingvoiceledtoamorenegativeoutcome,theysaid.Inthesecondstudy,researchersusedsoftwaretoanalyze3millionuserconversationswithChatGPTandalsosurveyedpeopleabouthowtheyinteractwiththechatbot.TheyfoundveryfewpeopleactuallyuseChatGPTforemotionalconversations.CathyMengyingFang,astudyco-authorandMITgraduatestudent,saidtheresearchersarecautiousaboutpeopleusingthefindingstoconcludethatmoreusageofthechatbotwillnecessarilyhavenegativeconsequencesforusers.Thestudydidn’tcontrolfortheamountoftimepeopleusedthechatbotasamainfactor,shesaid,anddidn’tcomparetoacontrolgroupthatdoesn’tusechatbots.12.Whatisthemainconclusionofthestudy?A.MostusersrelyonChatGPTforemotionalsupport.B.Voicechatmayleadtostrongeremotionalattachment.C.FrequentChatGPTusersmaylosecontrolofemotions.D.MoreChatGPTusemaycauseemotionalproblems.13.WhyarechatbotslikeChatGPTbecomingpopular?A.Theyofferfreeservices. B.Theirfunctionsareadvanced.C.Techgiantsdevelopthem. D.Theycanreplacehumanwork.14.Whatweretheparticipantsinthefirststudyaskedtodo?A.RegularlyinteractwithChatGPTusingdifferentmodesandtopics.B.TestChatGPT’stechnicalcapabilitiesthroughspecifictasks.C.CompletesurveysabouttheiremotionalexperienceswithChatGPT.D.AnalyzetheirownconversationswithChatGPTforresearchpurposes.15.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ChatGPT:ADouble-EdgedSwordinDailyLife.B.TheRisingTrendofGenerativeAlandItsImpacts.C.HowChatbotInteractionsAffectPeople’sEmotions.D.ChatGPTUsageLinkedtoLonelinessandEmotionalDependence.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了OpenAI与麻省理工学院合作的研究，探讨ChatGPT使用与用户情绪的关系。研究发现，每天使用ChatGPT时间更长的人，对其情感依赖和问题性使用程度更高，孤独感也更强。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“ThosewhospentmoretimetypingorspeakingwithChatGPTeachdaytendedtoreporthigherlevelsofemotionaldependenceon,andproblematicuseof,thechatbot,aswellasheightenedlevelsofloneliness,accordingtonewresearchfromOpenAIinpartnershipwiththeMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.(根据开放人工智能公司与麻省理工学院合作开展的一项新研究，那些每天花更多时间与ChatGPT进行交流或互动的人，往往会报告出对这款聊天机器人的情感依赖程度更高、使用方式更不恰当，以及孤独感更强的情况)”可知，这项研究的主要结论是更多使用ChatGPT可能会导致情绪问题。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“ThelaunchofChatGPTinlate2022helpedkickoffacrazeforgenerativeartificialintelligence.Sincethen,peoplehaveusedchatbotsforeverythingfromcodingtotherapysessions.AsdeveloperslikeOpenAIpushoutmoresophisticatedmodelsandvoicefeaturesthatmakethembetteratimitatingthewayshumanscommunicate,thereisarguablymorepotentialforformingparasocialrelationshipswiththesechatbots.(2022年末ChatGPT的推出引发了生成式人工智能的热潮。此后，人们将聊天机器人用于从编程到心理治疗等各种活动。随着像OpenAI这样的开发者推出更复杂的模型和语音功能，使它们在模仿人类交流方式方面表现得更加出色，与这些聊天机器人建立拟社会关系的可能性似乎也更大了)”可知，像ChatGPT这样的聊天机器人会变得如此受欢迎是因为它们的功能很强大。故选B。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Toconductthestudies,theresearchersfollowednearly1,000peopleforamonth,participantshadawiderangeofpriorexperiencewithChatGPTandwererandomlyassignedatext-onlyversionofitoroneoftwodifferentvoice-basedoptionstouseforatleastfiveminutesperday.Someweretoldtocarryoutopen-endedchatsaboutanythingtheywanted;othersweretoldtohavepersonalornon-personalconversationswiththeservice.(为了进行这些研究，研究人员对近1000人进行了为期一个月的跟踪调查。参与者此前在使用ChatGPT方面的经验差异很大，并且被随机分配使用纯文本版本的ChatGPT或其中两种不同的语音版本，每天至少使用五分钟。一些人被要求就任何他们想聊的内容进行开放式交流；另一些人则被要求与该服务进行个人或非个人的对话)”可知，第一项研究的参与者被要求以不同的方式和主题与ChatGPT定期进行互动。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ThosewhospentmoretimetypingorspeakingwithChatGPTeachdaytendedtoreporthigherlevelsofemotionaldependenceon,andproblematicuseof,thechatbot,aswellasheightenedlevelsofloneliness,accordingtonewresearchfromOpenAIinpartnershipwiththeMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.(根据开放人工智能公司与麻省理工学院合作开展的一项新研究，那些每天花更多时间与ChatGPT进行交流或互动的人，往往会报告出对这款聊天机器人的情感依赖程度更高、使用方式更不恰当，以及孤独感更强的情况)”以及全文核心围绕ChatGPT使用时间与情感依赖、孤独感的关联展开，第一段和第四段反复强调这一关系。D选项“使用ChatGPT与孤独感及情感依赖性有关”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ExcellenceIsNotanAct,butaHabitOurcharacter,basically,isacombinationofourhabits.“Sowathought,harvestanaction;sowanaction,harvestahabit;sowahabit,harvestacharacter;sowacharacter,harvestadestiny,”theproverbgoes.____16____.Because,asisknowntoall,theyareoftenunconsciouspatterns:theyconstantly,daily,expressourcharacterandproduceoureffectivenessorineffectiveness.AsHoraceMann,thegreateducator,oncesaid,“____17____.Weweaveathreadofiteveryday,andsoonitcannotbebroken.”Ipersonallydonotagreewiththelastpartofhisexpression.Iknowhabitscanbelearned.____18____.Itinvolvesacontinuousprocessandamassivecommitment.ThoseofuswhowatchedthelunarvoyageofApolloIIwereastonishedaswesawthefirstmenwalkonthemoonandreturntotheearth.Buttogetthere,thoseastronautshadgonetogreatlengths,toovercomesomanydifficulties.____19____.Sendingarocketintoorbitrequirestremendouspower.Then,moreenergywasspentinthefirstfewminutesoflift-off,inthefirstfewmilesoftravel,thanwasusedoverthenextseveraldaystotravelhalfamillionmiles.Habits,too,havehugegravitypull—morethanmostpeoplerealizeorwouldadmit.Breakingdeeplyrootedhabitualtendenciessuchasimpatience,criticalness,orselfishnessthatbreakbasicprinciplesofhumaneffectivenessinvolvesmorethanalittlewillpowerandafewminorchangesinourlives.____20____.However,oncewebreakoutofthegravitypull,ourfreedomtakesonawholenewdimension.A.HabitsarepowerfulfactorsinourlivesB.TheyhadtocultivateagoodhabitofregularlifestylefirstC.HabitsarelikeacableD.HabitsarehelpfulinreshapingourcharacterE.First,theyhadtobreakoutofthehugegravitypulloftheearthF.“Liftoff”takesagreateffortG.ButIalsoknowdevelopinghabitsisn’taquickfix【答案】16.A17.C18.G19.E20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。本文以谚语和阿波罗登月为例，阐述习惯对性格与命运的影响，指出习惯可习得但非一蹴而就，打破旧习惯需付出巨大努力。【16题详析】由上文““Sowathought,harvestanaction;sowanaction,harvestahabit;sowahabit,harvestacharacter;sowacharacter,harvestadestiny,”theproverbgoes.(谚语云：“播下一个想法，收获一个行动；播下一个行动，收获一个习惯；播下一个习惯，收获一种性格；播下一种性格，收获一种命运。”)”和下文“Because,asisknowntoall,theyareoftenunconsciouspatterns:theyconstantly,daily,expressourcharacterandproduceoureffectivenessorineffectiveness.(因为众所周知，它们往往是无意识的模式：它们每天持续地展现我们的性格，并决定我们的成效或无效。)”可知，空格处需点明“习惯”的重要性，衔接谚语与下文解释。A项“Habitsarepowerfulfactorsinourlives.(习惯是我们生活中强大的因素。)”符合语境，They指代“habits”，“powerfulfactors”承接谚语中习惯对性格、命运的影响，引出下文“习惯是无意识模式”的具体说明，承上启下。故选A项。【17题详析】由下文“Weweaveathreadofiteveryday,andsoonitcannotbebroken.(我们每天都为它织一根线，很快它就无法被扯断。)”可知，空格处需用比喻体现“习惯需日积月累、难以断裂”的特点。C项“Habitsarelikeacable.(习惯就像一根缆绳。)”符合语境，“acable(缆绳)”与下文“weaveathread(织线)”、“cannotbebroken(无法扯断)”形成呼应，用“线织成缆绳”的比喻诠释习惯的形成过程，逻辑连贯。故选C项。【18题详析】由上文“Iknowhabitscanbelearned.(我知道习惯是可以习得的。)”和下文“Itinvolvesacontinuousprocessandamassivecommitment.(它涉及一个持续的过程和巨大的投入。)”可知，空格处需转折说明“习得习惯并非易事”。G项“ButIalsoknowdevelopinghabitsisn’taquickfix.(但我也知道，培养习惯并非一蹴而就。)”符合语境，But承接前文“习惯可习得”，“isn’taquickfix”引出下文“持续过程、巨大投入”的具体要求，衔接自然。故选G项。【19题详析】由上文“Buttogetthere,thoseastronautshadgonetogreatlengths,toovercomesomanydifficulties.(但要到达那里，那些宇航员付出了巨大努力，克服了诸多困难。)”和下文“Sendingarocketintoorbitrequirestremendouspower.Then,moreenergywasspentinthefirstfewminutesoflift-off,inthefirstfewmilesoftravel,thanwasusedoverthenextseveraldaystotravelhalfamillionmiles.(将火箭送入轨道需要巨大的动力。而且，在发射后的最初几分钟、飞行的最初几英里内消耗的能量，比接下来几天飞行50万英里所消耗的能量还要多。)”可知，空格处需点明宇航员克服的首个困难——地球引力。E项“First,theyhadtobreakoutofthehugegravitypulloftheearth.(首先，他们必须挣脱地球巨大的引力。)”符合语境，First承接上文“克服诸多困难”，“gravitypulloftheearth”呼应下文“发射需巨大能量”的内容，逻辑清晰。故选E项。【20题详析】由上文“Breakingdeeplyrootedhabitualtendenciessuchasimpatience,criticalness,orselfishnessthatbreakbasicprinciplesofhumaneffectivenessinvolvesmorethanalittlewillpowerandafewminorchangesinourlives.(要打破那些违背人际交往基本原则的根深蒂固的习惯倾向——比如急躁、挑剔或自私——仅靠一点意志力和生活中的微小改变是不够的。)”和下文“However,oncewebreakoutofthegravitypull,ourfreedomtakesonawholenewdimension.(然而，一旦我们挣脱了引力，我们的自由就会呈现出全新的维度。)”可知，空格处需用“发射”比喻“打破旧习惯的难度”，呼应前文火箭发射的例子。F项““Liftoff”takesagreateffort(“发射”需要巨大的努力。)”符合语境，“Liftoff(发射)”呼应上文火箭发射的“lift-off”，“takesagreateffort”承接“打破旧习惯需更多努力”，与下文“挣脱引力获自由”形成转折，衔接紧密。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分45分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Mariawasalarmed,themomentsheknewIwasleavingforatripwithouther.ShewasthreeandIjuststartedmynewcareerasanewtravelwriter.Shedidn’tholdbackherdespair,____21____strongly.Mariawasbornduringoursailingadventure.Weplannedtosailagainwhenshewasseven,atwhichtimeshe’dbe____22____enoughforusalltoenjoyfamilytravel.But____23____,anopportunityforaparent-childtrainjourneythroughtheRockiescame.Whenshewatchedmetakenotesaboutthescenery,four-year-oldMariastarted____24____anAustraliancoupleonthetrainanddrawingtheiranswersincrayon(蜡笔)toproveher____25____asanassistant.Shewasalsogreatduringothertrips,likeinMexico’sRivieraMaya,____26____swimmingandsnorkelling(潜水)undersea,whichmanyadultsdarednotchallenge.InFiji(斐济),nine-yearoldMariawas____27____bythewomenchiefswemetanddecidedtobecomealeader.Irealizedhowmuchtravelwas____28____myonceglued-to-my-heelkid.WhenshewasadmittedtoacollegeinSouthernAfrica,itwasmyturntobe____29____.MymothertoldmeIshouldhaveexpectedthatakidraisedsailingaroundtheworldwoulddevelopherowndesirefor____30____.Butduringthatfirstairport____31____,Iwantednothingmorethantostaywithherlonger.Whenshereturned,the21-year-oldgirlseemedunfamiliar.ButourtriptotheBigTreeTrailParkhelpedus____32____.Lookingupattheoldtrees,Maria____33____someofthetalesI’dtoldheraboutmesavingtheancientforests.Icouldseemyselfcomeintofocusforher—notjustashermumbutasafellow____34____.Shegrabbedmyhandandwejustwalkedamongthetrees,absorbingthemoment,makinganother____35____.21.A.revealing B.reacting C.replying D.approving22.A.qualified B.independent C.efficient D.determined23.A.unfortunately B.consequently C.unexpectedly D.rarely24.A.interviewing B.bothering C.accompanying D.entertaining25.A.observation B.appreciation C.worth D.strength26.A.fearlessly B.rudely C.accidentally D.carefully27.A.adored B.fascinated C.distracted D.employed28.A.engineering B.challenging C.shaping D.perfecting29.A.concernedabout B.leftbehind C.lookedafter D.takenwith30.A.knowledge B.friendship C.adventure D.freedom31.A.reunion B.celebration C.interaction D.separation32.A.reconnect B.recognize C.perceive D.clarify33.A.recalled B.created C.imagined D.developed34.A.instructor B.companion C.consultant D.traveller35.A.wish B.change C.communication D.memory【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.C26.A27.B28.C29.B30.C31.D32.A33.A34.B35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者作为一名旅行作家，如何带着女儿一起旅行，并看到女儿在旅行中的成长和变化。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有抑制住自己的绝望，反应强烈。A.revealing揭示；展现；B.reacting反应；C.replying回答，回复；D.approving赞成，同意。根据本句“Shedidn’tholdbackherdespair(她没有抑制住自己的绝望)”以及上句“Mariawasalarmed,themomentsheknewIwasleavingforatripwithouther.(当玛丽亚知道我要丢下她去旅行时，她吓坏了)”可知，作者的女儿反应很强烈。故选B。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们计划在她七岁的时候再去航海，那时她就足够独立了，我们就可以享受家庭旅行了。A.qualified取得资格（或学历）；B.independent独立的；C.efficient效率高的；D.determined下定决心的。根据本句“Weplannedtosailagainwhenshewasseven(我们计划在她七岁的时候再去航海)”可知，在作者的女儿七岁时去旅行，她就足够独立了。故选B。【23题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但出乎意料的是，亲子火车穿越落基山脉的机会来了。A.unfortunately不幸地，遗憾地；B.consequently因此，结果；C.unexpectedly出乎意料地；D.rarely罕有，很少。根据本句“anopportunityforaparent-childtrainjourneythroughtheRockiescame.(亲子火车穿越落基山脉的机会来了。)”but表示转折可知，作者本打算在女儿七岁的时候去航海，但是亲子火车穿越落基山脉的机会过早到来，所以是出乎意料的。故选C。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当四岁的玛丽亚看到我在做关于风景的笔记时，她开始在火车上采访一对澳大利亚夫妇，并用蜡笔写下他们的回答，以证明她作为助理的价值。A.interviewing面试；B.bothering烦扰；C.accompanying陪同；D.entertaining使有兴趣，使快乐。根据本句“Whenshewatchedmetakenotesaboutthescenery(当她看着我记录风景的时候)”以及“drawingtheiranswersincrayon(蜡笔)(并用蜡笔写下他们的回答)”可知，玛丽亚开始在火车上采访一对澳大利亚夫妇。故选A。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.observation观察，监视；B.appreciation欣赏，鉴赏；C.worth价值；D.strength体力，力量。根据本句“asanassistant.(作为助理的)”以及“drawingtheiranswersincrayon(蜡笔)(并用蜡笔写下他们的回答)”可知，作者的女儿火车上采访一对澳大利亚夫妇，并用蜡笔写下他们的回答，以证明她作为助理的价值。故选C。【26题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在其他旅行中，她也表现出色，比如在墨西哥的里维埃拉玛雅，她无畏地在海底游泳和浮潜，这是许多成年人不敢挑战的。A.fearlessly勇敢地；B.rudely无礼地；粗暴地；C.accidentally

意外地，偶然地；D.carefully认真地。根据本句“manyadultsdarednotchallenge.(这是许多成年人不敢挑战的)”可知，玛丽亚无畏地在海底游泳和浮潜。故选A。【27题详析】考查动词词