Unit 1 学案- 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Grammar学案【LearningObjectives】Toanalyzethefunctionsofthenon-predicate.Toknowhowtousethenon-predicatecorrectly.Toapplythemintothewritingpractice.预习案一、语法知识点复习

（一）请根据上诉图表分析下列句子中非谓语的类型及特征E.gTheswimmingboyisTom.（现在分词主动进行）theroomfacingsouth（）Thefilmisdisappointing.（）IhavearadiomadeinChina.（）Lookatthebrokenglass.（）Theexcitedpeopleshoutedandcheered.（）Hishobbyispainting.（）I’mproudofbeingaChinese.（）Ihavealotofworktodo.（）Ilikedancing,butIdon’tliketodancetoday.（）TolearnEnglishwell,youmustpracticemore.（）Whatyoushoulddoistolookafterthebaby.（）（二）句子成分复习英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.不定式5.动名词6.主语从句等表示7.名词化的形容词（如therich） 注意：在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。Onthedeskaresomebooks.(主语是books，所以用are)Downjumpstheboy.(主语是theboy，所以用jumps)Gonearethedays.(主语是thedays，所以用are)练习：在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.2.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：A._____谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.B._____谓语：1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.2)由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：Wearestudents.Yourideasoundsgreat.3.表语表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。练习：画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2.Isityours?3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.4.Thespeechisexciting.5.Threetimessevenistwenty-one.4.宾语宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。练习：画出下列句中的宾语,并说明由什么充当。1.Theyplantedmanytreesyesterday.2.(Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?)Ihavefive.3.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情况：A._______词用作定语一般要后置。Peoplethereareveryfriendly.(那儿的人们)Hedidn’tlikethemandownstairs.（楼下的那个人）B.________短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而___________作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。Thenextmanisascientist.Themannexttomeisascientist.（我旁边的那个人）C.________短语作定语时要后置。TheboyunderthetreeisTom.（树下的那个男孩）ThetallestboyinourclassisJohn.（我们班最高的那个男孩）D.现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。Ihavesomethingtosay.(直译：我有要说的话)Theboycryingoverthereismyclassmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）Thehousebuiltlastyearisimpressive.（去年建的那座房子）练习：用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。1.TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother.3.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.4.Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.5.It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollar.6.It’sacityfarfromthecoast.7.Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.8.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.8.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语)Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）Herunsveryslowly.（修饰副词slowly,因此very是副词，作状语）Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.（修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）A.几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式→地点→时间一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：Ifoundalostpenoutsideourschoolyesterdaymorning.Hewaswalkingslowlyoutsidetheparkatthatmoment.B.英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大先写时间，再写上/下午，再写星期几，再写几月几号。最后写几几年。Iinvitedhimtowatchamovieat5p.m.onThursday,August28th,2015.Iwasbornat6a.m.,March16,2000.Helivesat

1120Green

Street,London.C.频度副词often,always,usually,sometimes,never等在句中要放在情态动词、系动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前。注：助动词指帮助实义动词构成时态、语态的动词。Youcannevertellwhathewilldo.Heisoftenlate.Heisalwayshelpingothers.D.状语按意义分类在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.3.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.4.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.5.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.8.Theboyneedsapenverymuch.7.宾语补足语宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。练习：用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.观察例句分析动名词、分词和不定式可做什么句子成分一、动名词主动被动基本式doing/notdoingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone观察下列句子完成总结填空Swimming

is

my

favorite

sport.

Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessman.Herjobisteaching.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.Teachingislearning.Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.Thisisawashingmachine.AsmilingfaceAwalkingstick动名词具有名词和动词的特征，动名词可以作______、______、______和_______。作________表比较抽象或泛指习惯性的动作，或表说话者对所述动作有过经验或多次做过。作_______仅限于表示工作、任务等抽象名词表示主语的内涵。作_______表示一般的、抽象的、经常性的行为。作_______说明该名词的功用或与之有关的动作。二、分词1、现在分词：doing--beingdonehavingdone—havingbeendone否定式：not+现在分词观察下列句子完成总结填空Theswimmingboyismyfriend.Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.Thepresentsituationisinspiring.Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.Travellingbycar,wevisitedmanyplaces.现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有________和_________的句法功能。在句中做_____，________，__________和______。（1）作定语：当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。表示存在的状态。强调主动或者动作正在进行。（2）现在分词作表语：表示主语的特征或是对主语的描述。（3）作宾语补足语:如下动词后跟现在分词作宾语补足语.表示动作在延续或进行。与宾语之间是逻辑主谓关系see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,notice,observe,listento,lookat,keep,leave,catch，have等。如：（4）作状语：逻辑主语通常要和句子主语保持一致2、过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。表示的动作往往是已经完成的。Allinvitedtothepartyarepresent.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruitgrownonhisownfarm.boiledwater（开水）fallenleaves（落叶）newlyarrivedgoods（新到的货）therisensun（升起的太阳）thechangedworld（变了的世界）fadedflowers(凋谢的花朵)Yourarticleiswell-written.Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.Praisedbytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.（1）作________：与所修饰词之间的关系及物动词一般表完成，表被动，不及物动词表完成。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。（2）作________：表示主语的特征，或是对主语进行描述。有些过去分词已经被看作是形容词。如delighted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk,interested,crowded,tiredsatisfied,pleased,surprised,excited,married等。作______________：与宾语时逻辑动宾关系，表示被动和完成三、不定式Toseeistobelieve.Iwonderhowtogetalongwellwithparents.Ithinkitimpossibletoaskhimtochangehismind.Heneedstotakeashowerimmediately.Herdreamistobeasinger.I’mhungry.Let’sfindaplacetoeat.LittleTomfindsnoonetoplaywith.Heworkeddayandnighttoearnmoney.Theyareverysadtohearthenews.It’stooheavytocarry.Hewarnedmenottolietohim.Thebossmakestheworkersworkdayandnight.Wouldyouliketohelpme(to)carrytheboxupstairs?根据例句分析，不定式在句子中可做___________,__________,___________,_______________,__________,_______定语(1).不定式作定语，一般要放在所修饰词的后面e.g.I’mhungry.Let’sfindaplacetoeat.(2).如果不定式是不及物动词，后面需要加上相应介词小汤姆发现没有人和他一起玩。LittleTomfindsnoonetoplay.（×）LittleTomfindsnoonetoplaywith.（√）状语(1).表_______e.g.Heworkeddayandnighttoearnmoney.(2).表__________e.g.Theyareverysadtohearthenews.(3).表___________e.g.It’stooheavytocarry.宾语补足语(1).动词+_____+todo此类动词有：tell,ask,want,wish,wouldlike,expect,allow,forbid,advise,order,get,invite,remind,persuade,encourage,teach,warn等他警告我不要对他撒谎。Hewarnedmenottolietohim.(2).__________/_________+宾语+不带to的动词不定式（变为被动语态后不能省略to）hear,feel,see,make,let,have等e.g.MymotherletsmefinishmyhomeworkbeforewatchingTV.Thebossmakestheworkersworkdayandnight.Theworkersaremadetoworkdayandnight.(3).作help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可以带to，也可以不带to你愿意帮我把这些箱子搬到楼上去吗？Wouldyouliketohelpme(to)carrytheboxupstairs?习题训练A一、单项选择1.(2020天津）________uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughournotes.A.TohelpB.HelpedC.HelpingD.Beinghelped2.(2020天津）Thedancer’sincredibleperformancehadtheaudienceonitfeet_____for10minutesattheendoftheshowA.beingclappedB.clapC.clappedD.clapping3.（2019江苏）_____theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manycitizensstartedtousesmartphones.A.Toenjoy B.Enjoying C.Tohaveenjoyed D.Enjoy4.(2019江苏）China’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries_______itsroleininternationalaffairs.A.recognizing B.beingrecognized C.toberecognized D.recognized5.（2015江苏）Muchtime_____sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.A.beingspentB.havingspent C.spent D.spending6.（2019天津）____tothinkcriticallyisanvitalskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.A.LearnB.LearnedC.Learning D.Havinglearned7.（2019天津）Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially________tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.A.designedB.designingC.todesign D.beingdesigned8.（2018北京）_________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.A.Travel B.Traveling C.Havingtraveled D.Traveled9.（2018北京）Inanyunsafesituation,simply_________thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.press B.topress C.pressing D.pressed10.（2018北京）Ordinarysoap,_________correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.used B.touse C.using D.useB二、单句语法填空(2018全国卷II)Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice_________(improve)waterquality.(2018全国卷II)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile_______(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide.”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.(2018全国卷III)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel_______(challenge).(2018全国卷III)Hewasjustsaying:"I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme____(stay)andwatch.【2018·北京】________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingexperience.【2018·北京】DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________(share)ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.【2018·北京】Ordinarysoap,_________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.【2018·天津】Ididn'tmean___________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp_______(try)it.【2018·天津】IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs___________.(take)【2018·江苏】Around

13,500

new

jobs

were

created

during

th