雨课堂学堂在线学堂云Environmentology(西安建筑科技大学)单元测试考核答案

第1题Ecosystemisaregioninwhichtheorganismsandthephysicalenvironmentforma()___________unit.AharmonizedBinteractingCsymbioticDphysical第2题Wildernessistheareawith___________humaninfluence.AmanyBmaximalCmuchDminimal第3题Environmentalscienceisan(a)____B_____fieldthatincludesbothscientificandsocialaspectsofhumanimpactontheworld.AindependentBinterdisciplinaryCtraditionalDimportant第4题Environmentiseverythingthataffectsan()_____duringitslifetime.AanimalBplantCpeopleDorganism第1题ThefirstworldwidemeetingofheadofstatethatformallyknownastheUnitedNationsconferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentwasheldin_____in1992.ARaodeJaneiroBParisCKyotoDCopenhagen第2题Environmentalissuesdonotnecessarilycoincidewithartificialpoliticalboundaries.()第3题Environmentalproblemsinvolvesocial,ethical,political,andeconomicissues,notjustscientificissues.()第4题Environmentalscienceisaninterrelatedareaofstudythatincludesbothappliedandtheoreticalaspectsofhumanimpactontheworld.()第5题Manyenvironmentalproblemshavebecomeglobalinnature.()第6题Sustainabledevelopmentisdevelopmenttomeetthepresentneedswithoutsacrificingtheneedsoffuturegenerations()Unit1-4作业第1题第2题第3题Unit2-1作业第1题Riskisthe___________thataconditionoractionwillleadtoaninjury,damage,orloss.ApossibilityBprobabilityCchanceDconsequence第2题Riskassessmentistheuseof_____________toestimatetheprobabilityofharmtohumanhealthortheenvironment.AtheoriesandtechnologiesBmodelsandequationsCfactsandassumptionsDmeasurementsandanalyses第3题Riskmanagementisadecision-makingprocessofweighingpolicyalternativesandselectingthemostappropriateregulatoryaction.()第4题Negligibleriskisthezerorisk.()第5题Unit2-2作业第1题Renewableresourcesdon’tinclude________.ASoilBvegetation,CwaterDfossilfuels第2题Pollutionisaprimary_______AenvironmentalbenefitBeconomicbefitCenvironmentalcostDeconomiccost第3题Airpollution,waterpollution,plantandanimalextinctions,Airpollution,waterpollution,plantandanimalextinctions,depletionofaresourceareallexampleoftheenvironmentalcostsofresourceexploitation.()第4题

Cost-benefitanalysisisaninformalprocessftodeterminewhetherapolicygeneratesmoresocialcoststhansocialbenefits.

Unit2-3作业第1题_____istheprocessofassessingtheenvironmentaleffectsassociatedwiththeproduction,use,reuse,anddisposalofaproductoveritsentireusefullife.ALifecycleanalysisBExtendedproductresponsibilityCCost-benefitanalysisDRiskmanagement第2题Extendedproductresponsibilityistheconceptthattheproducerofaproductisresponsibleforallthenegativeeffectsinvolvedinitsproduction,includingtheultimatedisposaloftheproductwhenitsusefullifeisover.()Unit2-4作业第1题第2题Unit3-1作业第1题Naturalselectionistheprocessthatdetermineswhichindividualswithinaspecieswill______________thenextgeneration.AproducetheiroffspringforBgeneratetheirgenesforCgrowandpasstheirgenestoDreproduceandpasstheirgenesto第2题Anecosystemapproachisimportanttodealingwithenvironmentalproblems.()第3题Nicheisthefunctionalroleanorganismhasinitssurroundings.()Unit3-2作业第1题Commensalismistherelationshipbetweenorganismsinwhichoneorganismbenefitswhiletheotheris__________.AnotaffectedBmuchaffectedChurtDdamaged第2题Thecompetitiveexclusionprincipleisthatnotwospeciescanoccupythesame____inthesameplaceatthesametime.AhabitatBecologicalnicheCpreyDenvironment第3题Intheecosystem,thecommondecomposersare__________.AgrassesBanimalsCfungiandbacteriaDtrees第4题Keystonespeciesarethespeciesthathaveacriticalroletoplayinthemaintenanceofspecificecosystems.()第5题Acommunityistheabioticportionofanecosystemthatisasettingofinteractingpopulationsoforganisms.()Unit3-3作业第1题Climaxcommunityistherelative_________communitythattheresultofsuccession.Astableandshort-termBstableandlong-lastingCstableandlargeDstableandconstant第2题Successionistheconceptthatcommunitiesproceedthroughaseriesofrecognizable,predictablechangesinstructureovertime.()第3题Biomesareterrestrialclimaxcommunitieswithwidegeographicdistribution.()Unit3-4作业第1题第2题第3题Unit4-1作业第1题Thepopulationsofthesamespecieshavesomespecificcharacteristics.Someimportantcharacteristicsofthepopulationsinclude____________.AgeneticsBNatalityandmortalityCsexratioandagedistributionDdensityandspatialdistributionEgrowthrate正确答案：ABCDE第2题Agedistributionisthenumberofindividualsofeachageinthepopulationwhichinfluencesgreatlytherateofpopulationgrowth.()第3题Populationdensityisthetotalofpeopleinacountry,whichdoesnotrelatethesizeofthepopulationtotheresourcesavailable.()Unit4-2作业第1题Exponentialgrowthphaseisthestageonatypicalpopulationgrowthcurvewhentheoffspringofaspeciesbegintomateandhaveyoungwhiletheparentsmaybeproducingasecondsetofoffspring,whichresultsinapopulationincreaseata(an)______A______rate.AacceleratingBstableCdecreasingDconstant第2题______isthenumberofindividualsofaspeciesthatcanbemaintainedinanarea,overtime,withoutharmingthehabitat.APopulationBSustainabilityCCarryingcapacityDVulnerability第3题Thedensity-independentlimitingfactorsthataffectpopulationsizeinclude__.AfoodBweatherCpredatorDcompetition第4题K-strategistsareorganismsthattypicallyreachastablepopulationasthepopulationreachesthecarryingcapacity.()第5题r-strategistsareorganismsthattypicallyexploitsunstableenvironments.()第6题第7题第8题Unit5-1作业第1题Biodiversityisthe_______ofgenes,species,andecosysteminaregion.AnumberBrichnessCquantityDdiversity第2题Thevaluesofbiodiversityinclude________.AbiologicalandecosystemservicevaluesBdirecteconomicvaluesCethicalvaluesDnovalues正确答案：ABC第3题Theprimarycausesofbiodiversitylossarehabitatlossbyhumansconvertingecosystemstoagricultureandgrazing,overoverexploitationbyharvestingspeciesatunsustainablelevel