2026年国际经济贸易领域外文文献阅读能力考核题集

2026年国际经济贸易领域外文文献阅读能力考核题集一、选择题（每题2分，共20题）题量：20题，每题2分，共40分1.Accordingtoa2025reportbytheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),whichtradepolicymeasurehasbeenmosteffectiveinpromotingglobaltraderecoverypost-pandemic?A)IncreasedtariffsonindustrialgoodsB)ExpansionofpreferentialtradeagreementsC)Strengthenednon-tariffbarriersD)Reductionofsubsidiesforagriculturalexports2.ThearticlediscussestheimpactoftheU.S.-Chinatradewaronrareearthelement(REE)supplychains.WhichregionhasemergedasthedominantproducerofREEssince2020?A)AustraliaB)RussiaC)ChinaD)Brazil3.A2024studybytheEuropeanUnion’sInstituteforProspectiveTechnologicalStudies(IPTS)highlightsthepotentialofblockchaintechnologyintradefinance.Whichbenefitismostemphasizedinthestudy?A)ReducedtransactioncostsB)IncreasedgovernmentregulationC)HigherinflationratesD)Greaterrelianceontraditionalbankingsystems4.TheWTO’s2025assessmentoftradedisputesrevealsthatthemostfrequentconflictsinvolve:A)DigitalservicestradeB)IntellectualpropertyrightsC)AgriculturalsubsidiesD)Environmentalstandards5.Accordingtoa2023reportbytheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB),whichcountryhasdemonstratedthefastestgrowthine-commerceadoptioninSoutheastAsia?A)IndonesiaB)SingaporeC)VietnamD)Thailand6.A2024journalarticlepublishedinJournalofInternationalEconomicsexaminestheeffectsoftradeliberalizationonlabormarketsindevelopingnations.Whichfindingismostsupportedbythestudy?A)WidespreadjoblossesinmanufacturingsectorsB)Improvedwagesinexport-orientedindustriesC)IncreasedinequalityinincomedistributionD)Declineinagriculturalemployment7.ThearticleanalyzestheimpactoftheEU’sGreenDealoncarbontariffsinglobaltrade.Whichsectorismostlikelytobeaffectedbythesetariffs?A)RenewableenergyB)AutomotivemanufacturingC)InformationtechnologyD)Pharmaceuticalindustries8.A2025reportbytheWorldEconomicForum(WEF)identifiestheriseof"supplychainlocalization"asakeytrend.Whichfactorhasdriventhistrendthemost?A)GlobalizationofmarketsB)IncreasedgeopoliticalrisksC)TechnologicaladvancementsD)Lowerlaborcostsinemergingeconomies9.ThestudycomparesthetradepoliciesoftheUKandEUpost-Brexit.Whichpolicyareashowsthemostsignificantdivergence?A)AgriculturaltraderulesB)DigitalservicesregulationC)IntellectualpropertyprotectionD)Tariffstructures10.A2024researchpaperbythePetersonInstituteforInternationalEconomicsexplorestheroleoftradeinmitigatingclimatechange.Whichconclusionisdrawnbytheauthors?A)TradeincreasescarbonemissionswithoutmitigationB)TradefacilitatesthespreadofgreentechnologiesC)TradepolicieshavenoimpactonenvironmentaloutcomesD)Developedcountriesshouldimposetradebansoncarbon-intensivegoods二、填空题（每题2分，共10题）题量：10题，每题2分，共20分1.Accordingtoa2025reportbytheInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC),theaveragetimeforcross-bordertradedocumentationprocessinghasbeenreducedby______duetodigitalizationefforts.(Answer:30%)2.A2024studybytheMITSloanSchoolofManagementsuggeststhattheriseof______inglobalsupplychainshasincreasedresiliencebutalso______.(Answer:regionalization;complexity)3.TheWTO’s2025tradepolicyreviewindicatesthatthemostcontentiousdisputesinvolve______and______betweendevelopedanddevelopingnations.(Answer:digitaltrade;subsidies)4.A2023articleinForeignAffairsdiscussestheimpactoftheU.S.-Chinatraderelationshiponglobalcommodityprices,notingthatthedeclinein______tradehasledtohigherpricesforrareearthelements.(Answer:semiconductor)5.TheEuropeanCommission’s2024proposalfora______tradeblocaimstoenhanceeconomicintegrationamongEUmemberstateswhilecompetingwiththeU.S.-Mexico-CanadaAgreement(USMCA).(Answer:digital)6.A2025researchpaperbytheLondonSchoolofEconomics(LSE)findsthattheadoptionof______intradefinancehasreducedtransactioncostsbyapproximately______.(Answer:blockchain;40%)7.TheADB’s2024reportonSoutheastAsiantradehighlightstheroleof______indrivinge-commercegrowth,withVietnamwitnessinga______increaseinonlinesales.(Answer:governmentincentives;35%)8.A2024journalarticleinJournalofGlobalEconomicsexaminestheeffectsof______onlabormarketsinSub-SaharanAfrica,concludingthattradeliberalizationhasledto______inmanufacturingwages.(Answer:preferentialtradeagreements;realignment)9.TheEU’sGreenDealproposalincludesa______initiativetoimposecarbontariffsongoodsimportedfromcountrieswithlessstringentenvironmentalregulations.(Answer:carbonborderadjustmentmechanism)10.A2025reportbytheWEFidentifiestheriseof______asamajortrendinglobaltrade,drivenby______and______.(Answer:supplychainrestructuring;geopoliticalrisks;technologicaldisruptions)三、简答题（每题5分，共4题）题量：4题，每题5分，共20分1.Discussthekeychallengesfacedbysmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)ininternationaltradeduetotradebarriers.(Answer:SMEsfacechallengessuchashighcompliancecosts,limitedfinancialresourcestonavigatecomplextraderegulations,anddifficultiesinaccessingtradeagreements.Tariffandnon-tariffbarriersfurtherhindertheirabilitytocompeteinglobalmarkets.)2.Explaintheroleofdigitaltradeinfosteringeconomicgrowthindevelopingcountries.(Answer:Digitaltradeenablesdevelopingcountriestoparticipateinglobalmarketsmoreefficiently,reducesrelianceontraditionaltradeintermediaries,andcreatesnewopportunitiesforcross-bordere-commerce.ThisfosterseconomicdiversificationandjobcreationinsectorslikeITandservices.)3.AnalyzetheimpactoftheU.S.-Chinatraderelationshiponglobalsupplychains.(Answer:Thetraderelationshiphasledtosupplychainrestructuring,withcompaniesdiversifyingsourcingstrategiestoreducedependencyoneithercountry.However,ithasalsoincreasedcostsformanufacturersandconsumersduetotariffsandtraderestrictions.)4.DescribetheimplicationsoftheEU’sGreenDealforglobaltradepolicies.(Answer:TheGreenDealaimstopromotesustainabletradebyintroducingcarbonborderadjustmentmechanisms,whichcouldleadtotradetensionsbetweentheEUandcountrieswithlessstringentenvironmentalstandards.Thismayreshapeglobaltradedynamics,encouragingothernationstoadoptgreenerpolicies.)四、论述题（每题10分，共2题）题量：2题，每题10分，共20分1.Criticallyevaluatethebenefitsanddrawbacksoftradeliberalizationfordevelopingeconomies.(Answer:Benefitsincludeincreasedmarketaccess,technologytransfer,andeconomicgrowth.However,drawbacksincludejobdisplacementinlesscompetitiveindustries,increasedinequality,andrelianceonforeigncapital.Developingcountriesmustbalanceliberalizationwithpoliciestoprotectvulnerablesectorsandworkers.)2.Discussthefutureofglobaltradeinthecontextofrisinggeopoliticaltensionsandtechnologicaladvancements.(Answer:Geopoliticaltensionsmayleadtotradefragmentation,withregionalblocsgainingprominenceovermultilateralinstitutions.TechnologicaladvancementslikeAIandblockchaincouldrevolutionizetradefinanceandlogistics,butalsoraiseconcernsaboutdatasecurityanddigitaldivides.Thefutureofglobaltradewilldependonhownationsnavigatethesechallengeswhilefosteringcooperation.)答案与解析一、选择题答案1.B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.B7.B8.B9.B10.B二、填空题答案1.30%2.regionalization;complexity3.digitaltrade;subsidies4.semiconductor5.digital6.blockchain;40%7.governmentincentives;35%8.preferentialtradeagreements;realignment9.carbonborderadjustmentmechanism10.supplychainrestructuring;geopoliticalrisks;technologicaldisruptions三、简答题解析1.ChallengesforSMEsininternationaltrade:-Highcompliancecostsduetocomplextraderegulations.-Limitedfinancialresourcestoaccesstradeagreementsandnavigatetariffs.-Tariffandnon-tariffbarriers(e.g.,quotas,standards)restrictmarketentry.-Dependenceonintermediaries(exporters/importers)reducesprofitmargins.2.Roleofdigitaltradeindevelopingcountries:-EnablesSMEstobypasstraditionaltradebarriersthroughe-commerce.-Promotescross-borderservicestrade(e.g.,IT,tourism).-Createsjobsindigitalsectors(logistics,ITsupport).-Facilitatestechnologytransferandskilldevelopment.3.ImpactofU.S.-Chinatraderelationshiponglobalsupplychains:-Companiesdiversifysourcingtoavoidtariffs(e.g.,shiftingfromChinatoVietnamorMexico).-Increasedcostsforconsumersduetohighertariffsonimportedgoods.-Supplychainreshoringindevelopednationstoreducerelianceonforeignsuppliers.-Tradetensionsleadtoprotectionistpolicies,disruptingglobaltradeflows.4.ImplicationsoftheEU’sGreenDealforglobaltrade:-Carbonborderadjustmentmechanism(CBAM)targetsimportswithhighcarbonfootprints.-Mayreducetradewithcountrieslackingenvironmentalregulations(e.g.,China,India).-Encouragesothernationstoadoptcarbon-neutralpoliciestoavoidtariffs.-PotentialtradedisputesifothercountriesperceiveCBAMasprotectionist.四、论述题解析1.Tradeliberalizationfordevelopingeconomies:-Benefits:-Increasedmarketaccessforexports(e.g.,agriculturalgoods,textiles).-Lowerimportcosts(rawmaterials,machinery).-Technologytransferfromdevelopednations.-Economicgrowththroughincreasedcompetitionandefficiency.-Drawbacks:-Displacementoflow-skilledworkersindomesticindustries.-Riseofinequalityifbenefitsarenoteve