2026年研究生入学考试英语综合模拟题集

2026年研究生入学考试英语综合模拟题集PartI:ReadingComprehension(40分)共4题，每题10分Passage1(10分)题目：Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Passage:TheriseofrenewableenergyinEuropehastransformedthecontinent’senergylandscapeoverthepastdecade.Germany,traditionallyreliantoncoal,hasmadesignificantstridesinsolarandwindpower,aimingtoachievecarbonneutralityby2050.However,challengespersist,suchasintermittencyissuesandgridinfrastructurelimitations.Policymakersarguethattechnologicalinnovationandinternationalcooperationareessentialtoovercomethesehurdles.ArecentstudybytheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency(EEA)highlightsthatwhilerenewableenergysharehasincreasedfrom22%in2010to42%in2023,thetransitionremainsunevenacrossmemberstates.CountrieslikePortugal,withitsabundantwindresources,haveledtheway,whileothers,suchasPoland,stilldependheavilyonfossilfuelsduetoeconomicconstraints.TheEuropeanUnion’sGreenDealaimstoacceleratethisshiftby2030,butcriticsquestionwhetherthetimelineisfeasiblewithoutsubstantialinvestmentinenergystoragesolutions.Questions:1.WhatisthemainchallengefacingrenewableenergyadoptioninEurope?A)HighcostsofsolarpanelsB)GridinfrastructurelimitationsC)LackofgovernmentsupportD)Insufficientwindresources2.Whichcountryismentionedasaleaderinrenewableenergy?A)GermanyB)PolandC)PortugalD)Spain3.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheEU’sgoalfor2030?A)Reducecoaldependencyby50%B)AchievecarbonneutralityC)Increaserenewableenergyshareto60%D)Phaseoutnuclearpower4.WhatdoestheEEA’sstudyrevealaboutrenewableenergyinEurope?A)IthasdeclinedinrecentyearsB)ItisunevenlydistributedC)ItisfullyintegratedintothegridD)ItissolelydrivenbyGermanyPassage2(10分)题目：Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Passage:UrbanizationinSoutheastAsiahasacceleratedrapidlyoverthepast30years,withcitieslikeJakarta,Manila,andBangkokattractingmillionsofmigrantsseekingbettereconomicopportunities.However,thisgrowthhasbroughtsevereenvironmentalconsequences,includingairpollution,waterscarcity,andwastemismanagement.TheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)reportsthatwithoutproperplanning,megacitiescouldface“environmentalcollapse”by2040.Toaddressthis,somegovernmentshaveimplementedgreenbuildingcodesandexpandedpublictransportationsystems.Forinstance,Vietnam’sHoChiMinhCityhasinvestedheavilyinmetrolines,reducingrelianceonprivatevehicles.Yet,criticsarguethatthesemeasuresareinsufficient,astheydonottackletherootcausesofurbansprawl.A2023reportbytheSingapore-basedCentreforLiveableCitiessuggeststhatsustainableurbanplanningmustincludeaffordablehousing,greenspaces,andcirculareconomyprinciples.Withoutsuchintegratedapproaches,theregion’scitiesriskbecomingunliveable.Questions:1.Whatistheprimaryenvironmentalissuementionedinthepassage?A)LanddegradationB)AirpollutionC)DeforestationD)Soilerosion2.Whichcountryishighlightedasimprovingpublictransportation?A)IndonesiaB)PhilippinesC)VietnamD)Thailand3.AccordingtotheADB,whatcouldhappentoSoutheastAsiancitiesby2040?A)TheywillbecomemoresustainableB)TheywillfaceenvironmentalcollapseC)TheywillexpandfurtherD)Theywillreducepollution4.WhatdoestheSingapore-basedCentreforLiveableCitiesrecommendforurbanplanning?A)FocusonlyongreenbuildingsB)EncourageprivatevehicleuseC)IncludeaffordablehousingandgreenspacesD)PrioritizecommercialdevelopmentPassage3(10分)题目：Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Passage:Theglobalpharmaceuticalindustryhasbeenwitnessingasignificantshifttowardpersonalizedmedicine,drivenbyadvancementsingenomicsandbiotechnology.CompanieslikeNovartisandPfizerareinvestingbillionsindevelopingdrugstailoredtoindividualgeneticprofiles.However,thistrendfacesethicalandregulatorychallenges,particularlyinregionslikeAfrica,wheredataprivacylawsarelessstringent.A2023studybytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)foundthatwhilepersonalizedmedicinecouldimprovetreatmentoutcomes,italsorisksexacerbatinghealthinequalitiesifaccessislimitedtowealthierpopulations.Inresponse,someAfricannationshaveproposedregionalframeworkstoregulategeneticdatausage.Forexample,Kenya’sMinistryofHealthhaspartneredwithinternationalorganizationstoestablishguidelinesforgenetictesting.Meanwhile,India’spharmaceuticalsectorisleveragingitsgenericdrugexpertisetocompeteinthismarket,offeringcost-effectivealternativestoWesternpharmaceuticalgiants.Thefutureofpersonalizedmedicinewilllikelydependonbalancinginnovationwithequitabledistribution.Questions:1.Whatisthemainfocusofthepharmaceuticalindustrytoday?A)MassproductionoftraditionaldrugsB)Genomic-basedpersonalizedmedicineC)ExpansionintoemergingmarketsD)Reducingdrugprices2.Whichcountryismentionedasregulatinggeneticdata?A)NovartisB)PfizerC)KenyaD)India3.AccordingtotheWHO,whatisariskofpersonalizedmedicine?A)ItistooexpensiveB)ItrisksinequalityC)ItlacksscientificsupportD)Itisnotwidelyadopted4.WhatisIndia’sapproachtopersonalizedmedicine?A)Focusonhigh-techdrugsB)OffergenericalternativesC)AvoidinternationalpartnershipsD)IgnoreethicalconcernsPassage4(10分)题目：Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Passage:ThetourismindustryintheMediterraneanhaslongbeenalifelineforcoastaleconomies,butclimatechangeisthreateningitssustainability.RisingsealevelsandextremeweathereventshavedamagedresortsinItaly,Greece,andSpain.A2024reportbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)warnsthatwithoutadaptationmeasures,theregioncouldlosebillionsintourismrevenueby2050.Tomitigatethis,someMediterraneancountrieshavestartedpromoting“climate-resilienttourism,”whichincludeseco-friendlyinfrastructureandsustainablepractices.Forexample,Greecehasbannedsingle-useplasticsintouristareas,whileCroatiahasestablishedmarineprotectedzonestopreserveitscoralreefs.However,theseeffortsareoftencriticizedasinsufficient,astheydonotaddressthebroaderimpactsofglobalwarming.Thetourismsectormustcollaboratewithgovernmentsandscientiststodeveloplong-termstrategies,suchasdiversifyingeconomiesandinvestingincarbonoffsetprograms.Questions:1.WhatisthebiggestthreattoMediterraneantourism?A)OvercrowdingB)ClimatechangeC)EconomicinstabilityD)Politicalunrest2.Whichcountryhastakenstepstoreduceplasticuseintourism?A)ItalyB)GreeceC)FranceD)Turkey3.AccordingtotheUNEP,whatcouldhappentoMediterraneantourismby2050?A)ItwilldoubleinrevenueB)ItwillfacesignificantlossesC)ItwillexpandtonewregionsD)Itwillbecomecarbon-neutral4.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestforthefutureoftourismintheMediterranean?A)Focusonlyoneco-friendlyresortsB)IgnoreclimatechangeimpactsC)DiversifyeconomiesandinvestincarbonoffsetsD)EncouragemoreinternationaltravelersPartII:Vocabulary(10分)共5题，每题2分题目：Choosethebestwordtofillintheblankineachsentence.1.Thecompany’sinnovativeapproachhas______themarketcompetition.A)intensifiedB)weakenedC)stabilizedD)moderated2.Despitetheeconomic______,unemploymentrateshavedeclined.A)downturnB)boomC)inflationD)recession3.Theresearcher’sfindingswere______bytheacademiccommunityduetotheirgroundbreakingnature.A)dismissedB)criticizedC)acknowledgedD)ignored4.Thegovernment’spolicyhasbeen______forfailingtoaddressthehousingcrisis.A)praisedB)blamedC)supportedD)justified5.Theproject’ssuccesswaslargelyduetotheteam’s______anddedication.A)apathyB)collaborationC)indifferenceD)conflictPartIII:ClozeTest(10分)共5题，每题2分题目：Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordfromthebox.Words:sustainable|infrastructure|policies|renewable|urbanization|challenges1.Thegovernmenthasimplemented______toreducecarbonemissions.2.Developingcountriesfacesignificant______inbalancingeconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.3.______energysourcesarecrucialforachievingenergyindependence.4.Rapid______hasledtoincreasedpollutioninmegacities.5.Proper______isessentialfordisasterresponseinremoteareas.PartIV:Translation(10分)共1题，10分题目：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.“近年来，中国致力于推动绿色低碳发展，通过技术创新和政策支持，在可再生能源领域取得了显著成就。然而，能源转型仍面临诸多难题，如储能技术不足和产业结构单一。专家建议，未来应加强国际合作，共同应对气候变化挑战，同时优化能源配置，确保可持续发展。”AnswersandExplanationsPartI:ReadingComprehensionPassage1(1-4)1.B)GridinfrastructurelimitationsExplanation:Thepassageexplicitlymentionsgridissuesasamajorchallenge.2.C)PortugalExplanation:Portugalisdescribedasaleaderinwindenergy.3.B)AchievecarbonneutralityExplanation:TheEU’sGreenDealismentionedasthegoal.4.B)ItisunevenlydistributedExplanation:TheEEAstudyhighlightsregionaldisparities.Passage2(1-4)1.B)AirpollutionExplanation:Thepassagefocusesonairpollutionastheprimaryissue.2.C)VietnamExplanation:Vietnamiscreditedwithimprovingpublictransportation.3.B)TheywillfaceenvironmentalcollapseExplanation:TheADBreportwarnsofthisoutcome.4.C)IncludeaffordablehousingandgreenspacesExplanation:TheCentreforLiveableCitiessuggeststheseelements.Passage3(1-4)1.B)Genomic-basedpersonalizedmedicineExplanation:Thepassageemphasizesgenomicsindrugdevelopment.2.C)KenyaExplanation:Kenyaismentionedasregulatinggeneticdata.3.B)ItrisksinequalityExplanation:TheWHOhighlightsthispotentialdrawback.4.B)OffergenericalternativesExplanation:Indiaisdescribedasleveragingitsgenericdrugexpertise.Passage4(1-4)1.B)ClimatechangeExplanation:Thepassageattributesdamagetoclimateeffects.2.B)GreeceExplanation:Greeceisnotedforbanningsingle-useplastics.3.B)ItwillfacesignificantlossesExplanation:TheUNEPreportpredictsthisoutcome.4.C)DiversifyeconomiesandinvestincarbonoffsetsExplanation:Thepassagesuggeststheselong-termstrategies.PartII:Vocabulary(1-5)1.A)intensifiedExplanation:Competitionhasbecomefiercer.2.A)downturnExplanation:Theeconomywasina