小学英语介词教学重点与练习资料

小学英语介词教学：核心要点与实用练习设计介词在英语中扮演着连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的重要角色，对于小学生构建清晰的语义关系、理解句子结构至关重要。小学阶段的介词教学，应注重基础、联系实际、方法灵活，帮助学生在具体语境中感知和运用，为后续学习奠定坚实基础。一、小学英语介词教学核心要点1.常用核心介词的筛选与引入小学阶段，不宜贪多求全，应聚焦那些与学生日常生活紧密相关、出现频率高的核心介词。主要包括：*表示时间：at,in,on*表示地点/位置：in,on,under,behind,beside/nextto,near,infrontof,between*表示方向/动向：to,into,outof,from*其他常用：with,for,about引入新介词时，务必结合学生熟悉的生活场景和直观的教学具（如实物、图片、简笔画、教室环境中的物品）。例如，教授"on"时，可以说"Thebookisonthedesk."同时辅以动作或指向。2.词义与场景的紧密结合介词的含义往往比较抽象，必须将其与具体的场景和语境相结合，帮助学生建立“形-义”联系。*直观演示与情境创设：利用教室空间，让学生做动作"Putyourbookinthebag.","Standbehindthechair."；或者通过图片展示"Thecatisunderthetable."*对比教学：将意义相对或容易混淆的介词放在一起对比，如"in"vs"on"vs"under"，通过鲜明的场景对比，加深理解。例如，苹果在盒子里（in），苹果在盒子上（on），苹果在盒子下面（under）。3.固定搭配与习惯用法的强调英语中介词的搭配非常丰富，很多是约定俗成的习惯用法，需要学生在理解的基础上记忆。*动词短语：如lookat,listento,playwith,gotoschool,getup,sitdown。*名词短语：如athome,inthemorning/afternoon/evening,onMonday,bybus,acupoftea。*形容词短语：如goodat,interestedin,afraidof。教学中，对于这些固定搭配，应作为整体进行教学和操练，而不是孤立地讲解介词。4.常见错误辨析与及时反馈小学生在使用介词时，常因母语负迁移或对词义理解不清而犯错。教师应注意观察，及时发现并纠正。*中英文差异：例如，中文说“在树上”，英文根据是否为树本身生长的东西用"inthetree"(外来物)或"onthetree"(果实、叶子等)。*介词混淆：如"in"和"on"在表示时间时的区别（in+月份/季节/年，on+具体某一天）。通过典型错误例句分析，引导学生理解错误原因，强化正确用法。二、实用介词练习资料设计以下练习设计遵循由易到难、形式多样的原则，旨在帮助学生巩固所学介词知识。（一）看图填空(Fillintheblankswiththegivenprepositions.)Prepositionsforchoice:in,on,under,behind,beside,near,infrontofPicturesDescription(forteacherreference):1.Aballisunderthechair.2.Agirlisstandinginfrontoftheblackboard.3.Acatisonthemat.4.Abookisintheschoolbag.5.Aboyishidingbehindthedoor.6.Apencilisbesidethenotebook.1.Theballis_______thechair.2.Thegirlis_______theblackboard.3.Thecatis_______themat.4.Thebookis_______theschoolbag.5.Theboyis_______thedoor.6.Thepencilis_______thenotebook.参考答案与简要说明:1.under(球在椅子下方)2.infrontof(女孩在黑板前方)3.on(猫在垫子表面上)4.in(书在书包内部)5.behind(男孩藏在门后面)6.beside(铅笔在笔记本旁边)1.Mybirthdayis_______June.(in/on/at)2.Weusuallyhavedinner_______7o'clock.(in/on/at)3.Igotoschool_______Monday.(in/on/at)4.Thepictureis_______thewall.(in/on/at)5.Sheisgood_______playingthepiano.(in/at/on)6.Igotothepark_______myfriend.(with/and/for)7.Thedogissitting_______thetwoboys.(between/beside/behind)8.Welisten_______theteacherinclass.(for/to/at)参考答案与简要说明:1.in(月份前用in)2.at(具体时刻前用at)3.on(具体某一天前用on)4.on(在墙的表面用on)5.at(begoodat擅长做某事，固定搭配)6.with(和某人一起，用with)7.between(在两者之间，用between)8.to(listento听，固定搭配)（三）句子改写/句子排序(RewritethesentencesorRearrangethewordstomakesentences.)A.Rewritethesentencesaccordingtotheinstruction.Example:Thecatisonthesofa.(Change"on"to"under")Thecatisunderthesofa.1.Thepenisinthepencil-case.(Change"in"to"on")2.Theyareplayingfootballintheplayground.(Change"in"to"near")B.Rearrangethewordstomakemeaningfulsentences.1.is/the/beside/The/dog/door/.2.books/are/the/on/desk/The/.3.at/We/up/get/morning/seven/the/in/.参考答案与简要说明:A.1.Thepenisonthepencil-case.2.Theyareplayingfootballneartheplayground.B.1.Thedogisbesidethedoor.2.Thebooksareonthedesk.3.Wegetupatseveninthemorning.(说明：inthemorning是固定搭配，atseven表示具体时间点)Dialogue:A:Whereismytoycar,Mom?Ican'tfindit.B:Isit_______(1)yourbed?A:No,itisn't.B:Whatabout_______(2)thedesk?A:Letmesee.No,there'snothing_______(3)thedesk.B:Maybeit's_______(4)yourschoolbag?A:Oh!Yes!It's_______(5)myschoolbag.Thankyou,Mom!参考答案:(1)under/on/beside(2)on/in(3)on/in(4)in(5)in(6)in（五）小短文填空(Fillintheblanksintheshortpassage.)Instructions:Readtheshortpassageandfillintheblankswithsuitableprepositions.Youcanusetheprepositionsyou'velearned.Passage:MynameisTom.Ilive_______asmallhouse._______themorning,Igetup_______6:30.Ihavebreakfast_______myfamily.ThenIgotoschool_______bike.Myschoolisnotfar_______myhome.Itis_______apark._______school,Ioftenplaygames_______myclassmates.Igohome_______5o'clock.Ilovemylife.参考答案(Possibleanswers):in,In,at