小升初英语复习课程讲义：形容词、副词

第二讲：形容词、副词

一、【考点解读】

小学阶段已经接触过大量的形容词，开始学习形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)的用法及区别,

特别是比较等级的表达方式。

小朋友要初步掌握形容词和副词的区别，比较级最高级表达及运用，并且能够在句子中

熟练运用它们。

二、【知识讲解】

知识点1——形容词

形容词定义:是用来描述事物特征的词,如事物的大小，形状，颜色等;也可以用来陈述事物的状

态。主要修饰名词和代词。

1、形容词的句法作用

(1)形容词+名词，作定语：

agoodgirl(good作girl的定语)(形容词排列顺序参见《第一讲：名词》)

(2)系动词+形容词，作表语：

Itisgood./Itsoundsgreat.(good/great表明it的状态和性质)

※部分表语形容词，只能位于系动词后面作表语，不能作定语

eg：alone,alive,asleep,afraid,well,ill

(3)动词+宾语+形容词，做宾语补足语：(make/keep/find…adj.)

Robotscanmakehumanslazy,(humans是宾语，lazy作其补)

Whathesaidkeptmecalmerandcalmer.

AllofusfindEnglishdifficult.

(4)形容词或词组，+句子/句子，+形容词或词组，做状语

Hearrivedhome,hungryandcod

(5)数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词(形容词后置)

eg：twometerslong,tencentimeterswide,twentyfeetdeep,28yearsold.

(6)thc+形容词，表示一类人，：theold老人theyoung年轻人therich富人thepoor

穷人

※以上的这些词组表示的是复数，所以谓语动词用原形。

eg：TherichoftenenjoytheirlifeinAmerica.

(7)形似副词的形容词一lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,silly,early,ugly.

E.g.Sheisverylovelyandfriendly.

Mygrandmotherlivesalone,butshe'sneverlonely.

(8)以ing结尾的形容诅通常修饰物，以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人

eg：exciting-excitcd,boring-bored,interesting-interested,moving-moved,tiring-tired,

relaxing-relaxed,

frightening-frightened,disappointing-disappointed

★★特殊的：pleasant令人愉快的人或物，pleased人感到满意愉快的

（9）一时表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式

eg：beglad/happytodosih.besorry/sadtodosth.

beready/abletodosth.beeasy/difficulttodosth.

(10)只能作定语的形容词eg：little,only,wooden,woolen,elder

alittlegirlthewocdentablethewoolengloves

2、形容词的常见句式

（1）It's（adj.|ofsb.todosth.表示“某人做某事...”

用法：这一句型中，用的是描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词

常见的有：nice-kind-good-polite,clever-fbolish-lazy,careful-careless,right-wrong

(2)It's同forsb.todosth.表示“做某事对某人来说...”

常用的形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting

E.g.It'sdifficulttofinishthistaskbymyself.

It'sdangerousforyoutoswimalonehere.

知识点2--副词

一,副词的定义

副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。它表示行为状况或性质特征，如时间、

地点、方式、程度、范围等。

二.副词的构成

（1）本身就是副词，例如：now（现在）,there（那里）,always（总是）。

（2）形容词变成副词---adj.+-ly构成adv.

变化形式示例

①一般直接在adj.词尾加1yslow-slowly,strong-strongly,carcful-carcfully

②adj.以-le结尾，去e加・ygentle-gently,possible-possibly

③以e结尾，直接加心。complete-completely,safe-safely例外：true-truly

④以y结尾，y变为i,再加-lyheavy-heavily,angry-angrily

（3）形容词和副词同形的词如下表:

adjadvadjadvadjadv

fastfastearlyearlylatelate

hardhardfarfaralonealone

dailydailymonthlymonthlyyearlyyearly

enoughenoughhighhighwellwell

三、副词的种类

序名称例，

1时间副词yesterdayjoday,tomorrow,now,...ago,later,recentlyjately,before,since...

2频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,oncc.twicc,seldom,every...

3方式副词slowly,quickly,clearly,early,

4地点副词ahead,back,down,up,here,there,out,upstairs,downstairs,everywhere

5程度副词enough,too,quiet,very,rather,extremely,terribly,pretty

6连续副词so（如此）,then（那么），yet（到现在），l。。（也）

7疑问副词when(ever),where(ever),why,how(ever)

疑问副词的具体用法

疑问副词提问部分例句

where地点Theboyisintheclassroom.Whereistheboy?

when时间Igetupatsixeverymorning.Whendoyougetup?

why原因Iamlatebecause1gotuplate.Whyarcyoulate?

how方式Igotoschoolbybus.Howdoyougotoschool?

howoften频率Igototheparkonceamonth.Howoftendoyougotothepark?

howsoon多久后IwillleaveinIwoweeks.Howsoonwillyouleave?

howmany数量Theyhavefivepeaches.Howmanypeachesdotheyhave?

howmuch价格ThepencilisIhreeyuan.Howmuchisthepencil?

howlong多久Ispentfivehoursdoingit.Ho0flongdidyouspenddoingit?

howtall高度Thetreeis5metrestall.Howtallisthetree?

howdeep深度Theholeis6ceniimelresdeep.Howdeepisthehole?

howold年龄Theywere21yearsold.Howoldarethey?

howfar距离Itisfiveminutes'walkfromAtoB.HowfarisitfromAtoR?

四、副词的句法作用

adv.在句中作状语示例

V.+adv.Thetimepassedquickly(副词quickly修饰动词passed)

adv.+adj.It'sciuitewarmhere.(副词quite修饰形容词warm)

adv.+adv.Hewasdrivingratherfast.

(raiher修饰副诃fast;fast修饰动诃drive)

adv.十句子Luckily,hewentacrosstheexam.（修饰整个句子）

知识点3—形容词和副词的比较等级

一形容词/副词比较等级的构成

1）规则变化

比较级和最高级构成规则示例

原形比较级最高级

单音一般在词尾加-er/-esttalltallertallest

节以不发音的字母e结尾+-r/-stlatelaterlatest

重读闭音节：一元+一辅fatfatterfattest

双写辅音字母+-er/-estbigbiggerbiggest

thinthinnerthinnest

以“辅音字母+y”结尾，happyhappierhappiest

y变为i,再加1-er/心〔easyeasiereasiest

carefulmorecarefulmostcareful

多音节及部分双音节前加seriousmoreseriousmostserious

more/mostoftenmoreoftenmostoften

beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful

以-y/er/-le/-ow结尾的形容词clevercleverercleverest

有两种构成方式：moreclevermostclever

力U-er/-est,或力Umore/mostsimplesimplersimplest

moresimplemostsimple

分词作形容词，boringmoreboringmostboring

在其前加more/mostinterestingmoremostinteresting

interesting

（iredmoretiredmosttired

2）不规则变化

原形比较级最高级

good/wellbetterbest

bad/ill/badlyworeworst

many/muchmoremost

littlelessleast

farfartherfarthest

furtherfurthest

oldolderoldest

eldereldest

★注意区别：

farther只表示距离上“更远的”

further引申义，指程度上“更进一步的“。

elder指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼。

常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。

例：Theeldersistergaveherlittlesisteranapple.

older指“年纪较大的，较老的，较旧的“，修饰人或物都行。

既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于Ihan引导的比较状语从句。

例如：Theoldermaninthephotoismygrandfather.

Weworkinanolderbuilding.

Yourbagisolderthanmine.

一、形容词/副词各等级的用法：

（一）原级用法

1）有表示绝对概念的副词verv,too,so,enough,quite等修饰时,用其原级。如：

Theboyistooyoung.Heplaysthepianoverywell.

2）表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。

'肯定句中的结构：“A…+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B,\如:

EnglishisasinterestingasChinese.HerunsasfastasJim.

,否定句中的结构："A…+notas/so+形容词/副i司原奴+as+B”。如：

LessonOneisn'tas（so）difficultasLessonTwo.

、否定句的结构相当于lcss+形容词/副词原级+:han。如：

LessonOneislessdifficultthanLessonTwo.

3）表示A是B的…….倍时，A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B

Ourschoolisthreetimcs/twiccasbigastheirs.

Theredpencilishalfaslongasthebluepencil.

（二）比较级用法

1）表示两者进行比较时用形容词或副词的比较级，其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”。

如：

Iamtallerthanyou.Hedidbetterthanme.

注意：在比较时，要注意比较的对■象要一致。Mypencilislongerthanyours.（不用you）

2）有表示程度的副词alittle,abit,alot,much,even,far等修饰时，用形容词/副词的比较

级。如:

It'smuchwarmertoday.Thisbottleisalittlebiggerthanthatone.

3）在两者之间进行选择，“哪一个更……”，用句型“、Vhich/Whoi§+形容词/副词比较级，

AorB?wo如:

Whoistaller,MikeorTed?Whichoneisthelonger,thepenorthepencil?

4）表示“两者之间”最……的一个"（ofthetwo）”时，常用“the+比较级”结构。如：

Bobis（hetallerof（hetwoboys.Beingis（hebiggerof（hetwo.

5）表示“越来越……”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，句中有多音

节词或部分双音节词时用“moreandmore+原级”结构。如：

Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.

Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.

6）表示“越……就越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。如：

Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.Themoreyoucat,thefatteryouwillbe.

（三）最高级用法

1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用其最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加

定冠词the,副词的最高级前可不加。句末常接一个in/of短语来表示范围。

如：

What'sthebestsportinsummer?LiDongsingsbestofthefourboys.

形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不能再用定冠词the。如：

LiMingisniybestfriend.Thisisourbestlessontoday.

2）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Whoisthe+最高级，A,B

orC?,\

如：Whichisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorGuangzhou?

3）表示“最……的之一”时，用“oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词的复数”结构。如：

ZhouJielunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.

4）形容词最高级前可加序数词，表示“第几最……如：

TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.

5）形容词比较级结构可表示最高级含义。如：

LiLeiis【hetalleststudentinhisclass.李磊是他班里最高的学生。

=LiLeiistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.

=LiLeiistallerthaniheolherstudentsinhisclass.

=LiLeiistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.

=LiLeiistallerthantherestofstudentsinhisclass.

6）表示倍数的三个结构：

①be+倍数+as...as：Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasthatone.

②be+倍数+比较级+than：Thehouseisthreetimesbiggerthanthaton

{③be+倍数+the+名词（尺寸，长度）+of：Thepencilistwicethelengt

hofthatone.

Xso+形容词/副词，such+a+形容词+可数名词单数，such+形容词+可数名词复数

☆表示两者之间没有差别时，使用句型：

主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+….

如：Lilyranasslowasanoldwoman.（莉莉跑得像老太太一样慢）

Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefanners.（他们摘的苹果和农民一样多）

☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时，使用句型：

主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词（否定式）+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+....

如：Lilydidnotrunasslowasanoldwoman.（莉莉跑得不像老太太那样慢）

Theydidn'tpickasmanyapplesasthefarmers.（他们摘的苹果不如农民多）

三、【典例探究】

【例题1】

（）1.Whichdoyoulike,thecityorthecountry?

A.wellB.betterC.bestD.good

答案：B（解析：两者之间进行比较，要用比较级，所以选择B）

（）2.TomplaysfootballSimon.

A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.wellthanD.asbetteras

答案：B（解析：as...as结构中间要用原级，所以可以排除D项，［han前面要用比较级，所

以可以排除C项。本句中是足球踢的好要用副诃来修饰，所以只能选择B。但是学生在这

里面需要掌握一些特殊形容词的比较级和最高级。比如good/well------better------best：

bad/badly/ill------worse------worst；其中well既可以做形容词，又可以作副词，作形容伺的时

候只能形容身体好，小升初经常考查和good的区别用法。）

（）3.youspeakEnglish,youspokenEnglishcanbe.

A.More;betterB.Themore;thebetter

C.Themore;betterD.More;thebetter

答案:B（解析:本题考查“the+比较级……,the+比较级......”的用法，含义是“越…，越…”直接

可以确定答案B。）

（）4.Anundergroundtraincanrunthanaship.

A.muchfasterB.morefasterC.muchfastD.morefast

答案：A（解析：本题主要考查学生“much后面加比较级，more后面加多音节形容词的原级”

的用法，学生只要牢记这个用法，就一定可以选出正确的答案。）

四、【课堂运用】

【基础】

【练习1】

I.写出下列形容词的反义词。

1.little___________2.full___________3.few___________4.near___________

5.fat___________6.long___________7.dry___________8.old___________

9.quick____________10smooth___________11.happy___________12.early___________

13.new___________14.hungry___________15.wrong___________16.same___________

17.dark.___________18.left___________19.poor—20.hard___________

21.easy____________22.free___________23.dirty__________24.large___________

25.(all_26.white___________27.cheap_______—28.light___________

【答案】1.big/much;2.hungry/empty;3.little;4.far;5.thin;6.short;7.wet;

8.ncw/young9.slow;10.rough;11.unhappy/sad;12.late;

13.old;14.full;15.right16.difTerent17.bright;

18.right;19.rich;20.casy/soft;21.diflicult/hard;22.busy;

23.clean;24.small;25.short;26.black;27.dear/expensive;

28.heavy;

II.Choosethebestanswer.选择正确答案。

()1.Don'tcrosstheroad,it's_______.

A.niceB.earlyC.dangerousD.late

()2.Whatcolouristhepanda?It's_______.

A.redB.blackC.whiteD.blackandwhite

()3.Theappletreeisvery_______.

A.tallB.longC.highD.strong

()4.Thecheeseinthebottlesmells_______.

A.niceB.softC.whiteD.hard

()5.Jenny'sbellistoo_______.

A.quiteB.quietC.strongD.tired

()6.Thecaris______,butitisverynice.

A.newB.bigC.oldD.cheap

()7.—Isyourgrandma_______?

-Yes,sheis.

A.prettyB.longC.handsomeD.young

()8.Thebabyissleeping.Pleasekeep_______.

A.quietB.quiteC.noiseD.Noisy

()9.Therearcpicturesonthewall.

A.twonewpinkB.twopinkandnew

C.twopinknewD.twonewandpink

()10.Don'tleavenow.Ihavetotellyou.

A.nothingimportantB.importantanything

C.somethingimportantD.importantsomething

【答案】LC2.D3.A4.A5.B6.C7.A8.A9.AI0.C

III.Fillintheblankswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.用所给单词的适当形式填

空。

1.You'retoo(noise)!Bequiet!

2.—HowisJanetoday?

—Heisvery.

--It'sreallynews.(good)

3.Mikeisanboy.(America)

4.Springisaseason,(beauty)

5.Becareful!Theknifeis.(danger)

6.Englishismysubject.Ilikeitbest,(favour)

7.Takeanumbrella.Itisaday.(rain)

【答案】1.noisy;2.well;good;3.American;4.beautiful;5.dangerous;6.favourite;7.rainy

【练习2］

I.Changethefollowingadjectivesintoadverbs.(写出下列形容词的副词形式)

unhaoov2.early3.hard_4.excited

5fast6.careful7.beautiful_8.usual

9.sure__________10safe_________II.good_______12.important___

13busy14.cheap_15.different16.polite

17.late_________18.possible_____

［答案］1.unhappily;2.early;3.hard;4.cxcitcdly;5.fast;6.carefully;7.beautifully;8.usually;

9.surely;10.safely;II.well;12.importantly;13.busily;14.cheaply;

15.diflerently;16.politely;17.late;18.possibly;

II.Fillintheblankstocompletethesentences.(根据答句，填入特殊疑问词)

1.A:istheboyinblue?

B:He'sMike.

2.A:walletisit?

B:It'smine.

3.A:isthediary?

B:It'sunderthechair.

4.A:istheChristmasDay?

B:It'sonthe25thofDecember.

5.A:aretheearphones?

B:Theyarc25Yuan.

6.A:isthehairdryer?

B:It'sblue.

7.A:isittoday?

B:h'sSunday.

8.A:wasityesterday?

B:Itwasthe13thofOctober.

9.A:isitfromhere?

B:It'sabouttwokilometersaway.

10.A:isyourcousin?

B:He's15yearsold.

11.A:doyouhavedinner?

B:At6o'clock.

12.A:docsyourbrotherswim?

B:Twiceaweek.

13.A:isthebag?

B:It's2kilograms.

14.A:isthedesk?

B:It's3meters.

15.A:didyoustayinAmerica?

B:Fortwoyears.

16.A:willyoucomeback.

B:Infiveminutes.

【答案】1.Who;2.Whose;3.Where;4.When;5.Howmuch;6.Whatcolor;7.Whatday;

8.Whatdate;9.Howfar;10.Howold;11.Whattime;12.Howoften;

13.Howheavy;14.Howlong;15Howlong;16Howsoon

III.Choosethebestanswer.（选择最恰当的答案）

1.—timesdidyouplaybasketballaweek?

—Threetimes!

A.HowmanyB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howfar

2.LotsofvisitorscometoNanjingbecausesheiscity.

A.soabeautifulB.veryabeautiful

C.suchbeautifulD.suchabeautiful

3.Mr.SmithsaidtoBilly,t4Yourideasounds

A.clearlyB.fluentlyC.goodD.loud

4.Jackgotverywithmefornothavingwrittenbacktohimintime.

A.angryB.angrilyC.worseD.worst

5.1studyvery,buthestudiesonSunday.

A.hardly;hardlyB.hardly;hardC.hard;hardD.hard;hardly

【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A5.D

IV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsso,suchorsucha.（在下列空格中康入so,such或such

a）

1.It'sdifficultfbrhimtounderstandbecausehisteacherspeaksquickly.

2.1likeJohnandMary.They'renicepeople.

3.Itwasagreatholiday.Wehadgoodtime.

4.Itwassurprisedthathelookedwellafterhisrecentillness.

5.Everythingisexpensivethesedays,isn'tit?

6.Tlieweatherislovely,isn'til?Ididn'texpectittobeniceday.

7.1havetogo.Ididn'trealizeitwaslate.

8.Healwayslooksgood.Hewearsniceclothes.

9.They'vegotmuchmoneythattheydon'tknowwhattodowithit.

【答案】l.so;2.such;3.sucha;4.so;5.so;6.sucha;7.so;8.such;9.so

【巩固】

【练习1】

l.在下列方框中选出合适的形容词填空，使句子完整、正确。

⑴

wrongshortdifficultfatwetfardryemptysharplazy

I.Myelderbrotheris,hecan'lrunfast.

2.Look,theglassis.Thereisn'tanywaterinit.

3.Thesuncanmake（hewetsweater.

4.1amnotachild.Ioftenhelpmymotherwithherhousework.

5.ItisinspringinShanghai.Itoftenrains.

6.Theseproblemsarenotforme.Icandealwi由（处理）them.

7.Wemustbecarefulwithknivesbecausetheyare.

8.Myunclelivesfromus.Wegotoseehimbyunderground.

9.Ifsninenow.Butmywatchisninefive.Itis.

10.Lindalookslikeaboy.Shehasveryhair.

【答案）1.fat;2.empty;3.dry;4.lazy;5.wet;6.difficult;7.sharp;8.far;9.wrong;10.short

⑵

angrybigboringbusyfulle'ean

uglyexpensiveeasygoodheavysmall

1.Thechildrenwashedthecar.Nowit's.

2.Shedidherhomeworkintenminutes.Thehomeworkwas.

3.Hewasn'tveryhungry.Heorderedabowlofsoup.

4.Thehunlers（猎人）couldn'tcarrythedeadelephant.Itwastoo.

5.Ican'tpullalloftherocksinthatcar.Thecarisn'tenough.

6.There'slotsofworkfbrus.We'regoingtobe.

7.1enjoyedtheplay.Theactorswere.

8.Someonetooktheirbooks.Themenwere.

9.Theclotheswere.Noneoftheactorswantedtowearthem.

10.Theboxwastoo.Hecouldn'tcloseit.

11.Thespeechis.Allofthepeopletherefeelsleepy.

12.Thecarsaretoofbrmostofthepeopletobuy.

【答案】1.clean;2.easy;3.small;4.heavy;5.big;6.busy;

7.good;8.angry:9.ugly;10.full;11.boring;12.expensive

ILChoosethebestanswer.（选择最恰当的答案）

1.Thebabyissleeping.Pleasekeep.

A.quietB.quiteC.noiseD.Noisy

2.Thesingerlookedandshesang.

A.beautiful...beautifulB.beautiful...beautifully

C.beautifully...beautifulD.beautifully...beautifully

3.Whatacough!Youseemill.

A.terrible...terriblyB.terribly...terribleC.terrible...terribleD.

terribly...terribly

4.Theteacherfoundhimpupil.

A.anothonestB.wasanhonestC.anhonestD.isanhonest

5.A:“ThistypeofMP3isreallycheap!”

B:"The,thebetter.I'mshortofmoney,yousee.”

A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.mostcheap.

6.IthinkphysicsisdifficultthanEnglish.

A.veryB.tooC.muchD.muchmore

7.“Wemustkeepquiteinthelibrary,nthewomansaidtome.

A.quiet;quietlyB.quietly;quietlyC.quietly;quietD.quiet;quiet

8.ThiskindofT-shirtlooksandsells.

A.nice...wellB.nice...goodC.well...wellD.good...nice

9.A:uHaveyougotmye-mailtoday?”

B:“Oh,thereiswithmycomputer.Itdoesn'twork.”

A.suiiic由ingwrungB.any山i【igwrongC.iiolhingwrungD.every由ing

wrong

10.A:uDocsWuGangeverguessthemeaningsofEnglishwords?”

B:“Heguessesthemeaningofnewwords.Heuseshisdictionaryallthetime.”

A.usuallyB.neverC.alwaysD.sometimes

【答案】LA2.B3.A4.C5.B6.D7.A8.A9.A10.B

【拔高】

【练习1】

bigger/smaller,stronger/weaker,taller/shorter,older/younger,faster/slower,heavier/lighter

I.Theostrichisthantherabbit,(big)

Therabbitistheostrich,(small)

Therabbitisnottheostrich.

【答案】bigger;smallerthan;asbigas

2.Thegiraffeisthanthecat.(tall)

Thecatthegiraffe,(short)

Thecatisnotthegiraffe.

［答案】taller;isshorterthan;astallas

3.Theelephantisthanthelizard,(heavy)

Thelizardtheelephant.(light)

Thelizardisnottheelephant.

【答案】heavier;islighterthan;notasheavyas

4.Therabbitistheturtle,(fast)

_____________________________________________.(slow)

Theturtleistherabbit.

【答案】fasterthan;Theturtleisslowerthantherabbit;notasfastas

5.Thegrandfatheristheboy.(old)

_____________________________________________•(young)

______________________________________________.(as...as)

【答案】olderthan;Theboyisyoungerthanthegrandfather;Theboyisnotasoldasthegrandlather

6.Themantheboy.(strong)

_____________________________________________.(weak)

______________________________________________.(as...as)

【答案】isstrongerthan;Theboyisweakerthantheman.Theboyisnotasstrongastheman.

五、【课后巩固】

【习题1】

I.写出下列形容词的比校级和最高级

goodfar

wellmany

cleanmuch

lovelyfew

interestinglittle

badwide

redclever

easybeautiful

sweettall

hard_______________

n.词性转换

1.Theywereinmycultureandtheyaskedmealotofquestions.

(i