2024译林版八年级英语下册Unit 1 课时1 Welcome to the unit（分层作业）

Unit1Pastandpresent

课时1Welcometotheunit分层作业

9作业导航

核心知识速记I01基础达标02能力提升03拓展培优核思维进阶

核心知识速记

词汇

underground〃.地铁speed〃.速度high-speedtrain〃.高速列车usedto曾经

crowdedadj.拥挤的convenient方便的

句型

I.-HuwdidyougoioschoolwhenwereaDad?爸爸，当你还是个学生的时候，尔是怎么去

上学的？

一Iusedtogotoschoolbybike.我过去常骑自行车去上学。

2.一Whydidn7\cirakeabus?你为什么不坐公共汽车？

一WhenIwasyoung,(herewereonly，卬buses,andtheywerealwayscrowded.当我小的时候，只有几

辆公共汽车，而且总是很拥挤。

基础达标

一、单词默写。

1.[Anda'graund]n.地铁2.[spi：d]n.速度

3.[,kraudid]adj.拥挤的4.[kan'vi:niont]adj.方便的

二、词组默写。

1....的关键______________2.多年来____________

3.伟大变革背后的付出一4.不同时期的交通方式

5.在城市中四处走动____6.乘长途客车/高铁―

7.过去常常骑自行车去上学8.他们总是很拥挤一

9.舒适且便捷___________

三、根据要求完成句子

1.我过去常骑自行车去上学。

I___________________________schoolbybike?

2.你为什么不坐公共汽车？

Whydidn'tyou.

3.当我小的时候，只有几辆公共汽车，而且总是很拥挤。

WhenIwasyoung,therewereonlybuses,andthey

4.但现在它们舒适且便捷。

Butnowtheyareand.

能力提升

四、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空(每词限用一次)。

underground,speed,crowded,convenient,high-speedtrain,used(o,(raffle,change,faraway,fast

Inthepast,peopleinmycity]travelmainlybybusorbicycle.The2wasoftenheavy,andbuses

werealways3.Itwasnotver、4forthosewholive5fromthecitycenter.

Now,thingshave6alotWehaveanew7system.Itiscleanandfast.Also,the8helps

peopletravelbetweencitiesalahigh9Itismuch10thanbefore.Lifeisbecomingeasierandmore

efficient（效率高的）becauseofthetechdevelopment.

五、单项选择

1.一Doesyourfatherdrivetowork?

—He.Butnowheridesabikebecauseridingbikesisgreener.

A.hadtoB.usedtoC.hasbeenD.wouldlikebe

2.一Thereisonlyfoodinthekitchen.

一h'sOK.Veryfriendswillcomefordinner.

A.afew;alittleB.alittle;afewC.alittle;fewD.little;few

3.IlivenexttoaHuitongsupermarket.It'sfbrmetoshop（herethaninChongbaisupermarket.

A.morecrowdedB.crowded

C.moreconvenientD.convenient

4.Mylatherdrivehiscartowork,butnowhedoesn't.

A.usedB.usetoC.isusedtoD.usedto

5.—MysisterandIwillgotoShanghaiforatriptomorrow.

—Really?.

A.That'sverystrangeB.That'stoobadC.Idon'tthinksoD.Haveanicetrip

03拓展培优

六、阅读还原。

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

Haveyoudreamtoftakingaflyingtaxitotheairport,orjumpingovercrowdedcitystreetsatrushhour,

gettingwhereyouwanttogofarfasier（hanyoucouldinacar.Youmightbeabletodothesethingsinanairtaxi

soonerthanyouthink.

Anairtaxiissomethinglikeahelicopter（直升机）thatcancarrypeoplefromplacetoplace.Airtaxisdon't

needalongrunwaylikeplanesdo._\

InJune,thegovernmentofAmericaagreedtoallowacompanycalledJobyAviationtostarttestingtheirnew

airtaxi.Thisisthefirsttimetheyhavetestedataxithathasbeenbuiltinafactory.Beforethat,alltheirtaxiswere

madebyhand.

2Itcreatedaprogramtoflypeoplefromtheirhomestotheairport.Jobyalsoexpectstheirairtaxisto

providearide-sharingservice.Justlikeyoumightorderacartopickyouup,youcoulduseanapp（oorderanair

taxi.Joby'sairtaxiswillbeflownbyapilot,andcancarryfourotherpassengers.

3Thecompanyexpects（ochargeabout$3amileatfirst.Butovertime,theyhopetobringtheprice

dov/ntolessthanSIamile.4Theythinkairtaxismaybequieterthanhelicopters,buttheywillstilladdnoise

andtraffictoourskies.

Itseemsthatairtaxiswillbepartofthefutureoftravel.5Governmentsneedtomakerulesaboutwhere,

when,andhowthesetaxiscanfly.

A.Theycangostraightupanddov/n.

B.Somepeoplehaveworriesabou:airtaxis.

C.Thecompanyhopesairtaxiscanstartcarryingpassengers（乘客j.

D.Youwillbeabletoorderanairtaxionyoursmartphone.

E.Butthere'sstillalottodobeforeairtaxisbecomepopular.

F.Jobysaystheirairtaxisarecheaperthanhelicopters.

七、阅读表达。

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过5个单词。

Doyouliveinacity?Doyouknowhowcitiesbegan?Longiengago,theworldhadonlyafeuthousand

people.Thesepeoplemoved（初支迁）fromoneplacetoanother.Theymovedovertheland（陆地），huntinganimals

forfood.

Nooneknowshoworwhentnesepeoplelearnedaboutgrowingfood.Butwhentheydid,theirliveschanged.

Theydidnothavetomovehousesanymore.Theycouldstayinoneplaceandgrowit.Peoplebegantolivenear

eachother,sothefirstvillage（村庄jgrew.Manypeoplecametoworkinthevillages,andthesevillagesbecame

largerandlarger.

Thenpeoplehadmachines,lifeinthevillageschangedagain.Peoplebuiltfactories（_L厂）.Moreandmore

peoplelivednearthefactories.Sothevillagesgrewintocities.Someofthemgrewverybig.Today,it'sstrangethat

somepeoplearemovingbacktosmallvillages.Canyoutellmewhy?

1.Howmanypeoplewere（hereintheworldlonglongago?

2.Wha（didthevillagesgrowintoafterpeoplebuiltfactories?

3.Whydidpeoplemovefromplacetoplacelonglongago?

4.Whoknowswhenpeoplelearnedaboutgrowingfood?

5.Inyouropinion.Whyaresomepeoplemovingbacktosmallvillages?

八、阅读理解。

Improvementsintechnologyoftenhappenovernight.Somegadgetsgetsmallerandfaster.Othersare

replaced（代替）bynewerthingslikesmartphones.Herearesomeoldgadgetsthatpeopleusedtouse.®

Doyouhavealandlineathome?Thesearcphonesthatpeopleplug（插入）intotheirlivingroomwalls.Mobile

phenesdidn'tusetobesopopularatthattime,somostfamilieshadalandline.Butlandlinesonlyworkedathome.

Whatdidpeopledowhentheywereoutsideandneededtocallsomeone?Theylookedforapayphone!Then,most

peoplehadtheirownmobilephonesandmanyhomesnolongerhadlandlines.包

Peopletodaystoreplentyofinformationonline,oronSDcards.Butin（he1980sand1990s,peopleusedto

usefloppydisks.Thefirstfloppydiskswerelarge,expensive,andnotveryuseful-eachdiskcouldstorejust175

KBofinformation!Later,floppydisksgotsmallerandbetter.Buteven（hebestonescouldonlyhold1.44

MB.Youwouldneedthreeorfourdisksjustforonesong,andabout22,000diskstomatchthestorage（储存空间）

availableona32GBphone!食

It'seasytotakephotostoday.Peopleoftenhavethousandsjustontheirphones!Butphotosusedtocost

much,andpeopletookfewerofthem.Tolakeaphoto,youhadtobuyarolloffilm.Thisallowedyoutotakeupto

30photos.Afterfinishingtheroll,youleftitatashop.Theshopdevelopedthephotostomakethembeseen,which

youcouldcollectafterafewdays.

Technologychangesall(hetime,andthegadgetsweusetodaywillonedaybeold.Whatdoyouthinkwill

benexttodisappear(消失)？

1.Whatisthetitleofeachparagraph?

a.GoodbyeDisksb.MusictomyEarsc.PictureThis

d.CallMee.FilmDevelopment

A.(X)—d;(§)—b;(§)—eB.(T)—d;(2)——c

C.®—c;®—a;bD.①—c;@—b;@—e

2.Whatcanwegetfromthepassage?

A.Nohomeshadlandlinesnow.

B.Floppydiskscouldstoremuchinformation.

C.Youcouldlake40photoswitharolloffilm.

D.Theimprovementsintechnologychangepeople'slife.

3.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheChangingPhonesB.TheGadgetsofTomorrow

C.TheGadgetsWeareUsingD.TheToolsWeUsedtoUse

04思维进阶

L_____

TransportationChanges:PastandPresent

Part1:ReadandExplore

Transportationisanimportantpartofpeople'sdailylife.Ithelpsustravelfromoneplacetoanothereasily.

Overthepastfewdecades,Chinahaswitnessedgreatchangesintransportation.

Inthepast,transportationwasquitesimpleandslow.Mostpeopletraveledonfootorbybicycleforshorttrips.

Forlong-distancetravel,theyusuallytooktrainsorbuses.However,thetrainswerenotfastatthattime.Atripfrom

BeijingtoShanghaimighttakemorethan20hours.Bicycleswereverypopularbecausetheywerecheapandeasy

topark.Buttheyalsohadshortcomings一peoplecouldn'tridetheminbadweather,andtheygottiredeasilyafter

longrides.

Now,transportationhasbecomemuchmoreconvenientandfast.Wehavemanykindsoftransporttoolsto

choosefrom.High-speed(rainsareagreatprideofChina.Thehigh-speedtrainfromBeijingtoShanghaionly

takesabout4.5hours!Manyfamilieshavetheirowncars,sotheycantravelfreelyonweekends.Besides,subways

arewidelyusedinbigcities.Theycanavoidtrafficjamsandtakepeopletotheirdestinationsquickly.Wealsohave

planesthatcantakeustodifferentcountriesinashorttime.

Butthedevelopmentoftransportationalsobringssomeproblems.Morecarsmeanmoreairpollution.Traffic

jamsoftenhappenduringrushhours.Tosolvetheseproblems,ourgovernmenthastakensomeactions,suchas

developingelectriccars,buildingmoresubwaylinesandencouragingpeopletotakepublictransport.

(AdaptedfromChinaTransportationDevelopmentReport)

Part2:SkillsChallenge

Task1:CriticalThinking（根据文章内容回答卜列问题）

1.Whywerebicyclesverypopularin（hepast?（用"because”完整回答）

2.我出现在交通发展带来的两个问题：

Problem1:__________________________________________________________________________

Problcm2:__________________________________________________________________________

3.设计一个英文标语呼吁绿色出行：

I"

Task2:Completethechartbelow（根据文章内容完成表格）

AspectPastSituationPresentSituationActionstosolveproblems

TransportationMosttraveledonfootHigh-speedtrains,1.

orbybicycle;long­privatecars,2.

distance（ravelbyslowsubways,planesare3.,

trainsorbusesavailable

Task3:CreativeProject

假设你是一名交通规划师，设计一个“绿色出行促进计划”（GreenTravelPromotionPlan），需包含:

2个具体行动（参考文中措施）

1个创新点子（如：用APP记录绿色出行里程）

用英语简单说明。

Wewilland.

Also,weplanto.

参考答案与试题解析

Unit1Pastandpresent

课时1Welcometotheunit分层作业

2作业导航

核心知识速记01基础达标02能力提升03拓展培优04思维进阶

:核心知识速记：

;词汇1

underground〃.地铁speed〃.速度high-speedtrain〃.高速列车usedto曾经

;crowded40.拥挤的convenieni“现方使的

，句型；

：1.一HowdidyougotoschoolwereaDad?爸爸,当你还是个学生的时候，'尔是怎么去

：上学的？：

一Iusediogotoschoolbybike.我过去常骑自行车去上学。

1I

；2.一Whydidri'ilakeabus?你为什么不坐公共汽车？

一WhenIwasyoung,therewereonlya危卬buses,andthey”-、。忆crowded.当我小的时候，只有几

：辆公共汽车，而且总是很拥挤。

一、underground；speed；crowded；convenient

二、1.thekeyto;2.overtheyears;3.theeffortsbehindgreatchanges;4.transportatdifferenttimes;5.getaround

thecity;6.bycoach/high-speedtrain;7.usedtogotoschoolbybike;8.theywerealwayscrowded;9.comfortable

andconvenient

三、1.usedtogoto；2.takeabus；3.afew;werealwayscrowded：4.comfortable;convenient

能力提升

四、1.usedto2.traffic3.crowded4.convenient5,faraway6.changed7.underground8.high-speed

train9.speed10.faster

五、单项选择

1.B

【详解】句意：——你爸爸开车去上班吗？——他过去常常开，但是现在他骑自行车，因为骑车更环保。

考查时态。hadto不得不;usedto过去常常：hasbeen已经;wouldlikebe错误表达。根据"Butnowherides

abikebecauseridingbikesisgreener.”可知,此处为过去和现在的对比,应是过去常常开车去上班。故选B。

2.C

【详解】句意：一厨房里只有一点食物。——没关系。很少有朋友会来吃晚饭。

考查不定代词。afew一些，修饰可数名词；alittle一些，修饰不可数名词；few少量，修饰可数名词；

litt匕少量,修饰不可数名词。第一空修饰不可数名词food,且句中有only,表示“只有一些”,用alittle；

第二空修饰可数名词复数friends,且有very,表示"非常少"，用few。故选C。

3.C

【详解】句意：我住在汇通超市旁边。对我来说在那里购物比在崇百超市更方便。

考查形容词辨析及形容词比较级的用法。morecrowded更拥挤；crowded拥挤的；moreconvenient更方便;

convenient方便的。根据“IlivenexttoaHuitongsupennarket.”可知在这里购物更方便，根据“than”可知此处

需使用形容词convenient的比较级。故选C。

4.D

【详解】句意：我父亲过去常常开车去上班，但现在不这样了。

考查usedto的用法。usedto过去常常做某事;beusedto习惯做某事。根据"Myfather...drivehiscartowork,

butnowhedoesn't”可知，此处表示“过去常常开车上班”，usedto表示“过去常常做某事“，强调过去的习惯

或状态现在已改变，后接动词原形。故选D。

5.D

【详解】句意：——我姐姐和我明天要去上海旅行。一真的吗？祝你旅途愉快。

考查情景交际。That'sverystrange那真奇怪；That'stoobad那太糟糕了；Idon'tthinkso我不这么认为；

Haveanicetrip祝你旅途愉快。根据"MysisterandIwillgotoShanghaifbratriptomorrow.''可知，对方宣布

旅行计划，应表达祝福。故选D。

拓展培优

六、I.A2.D3.F4.B5.E

【导语】本文介绍了一项新发明——电动空中出租车。

I.根据“Airtaxisdon'tneedalongninwaylikeplanesdo.”可知,比处在描述空中出租车可以怎么操作，A选

项“它们可以直上直下。”符合语境。故选A。

2.根据“Itcreatedaprogramtoflypeoplefromtheirhomestotheairport."以及“Justlikeyoumightorderacarto

pickyouup,youcoulduseanapptoorderanairtaxi.”可知,此处在介绍如何预定空中出租车,D选项“你可以

在智能手机上预订空中出租车。”符合语境。故选D。

3.根据“Thecompanyexpectstochargeabout$3amileatfirst.“可知，此处在介绍空中出租车的价格。F选项

“Joby说他们的空中出租车比直升机便宜。”符合语境。故选F。

4.根据"Theythinkairtaxismaybequieterthanhelicopters,buttheywillstilladdnoiseandtraffictoourskies.”

可知，此处在描述人们对空中出租车的担忧，B选项”有些人对于空中出租车有一些担心。”符合语境。故

选B。

5.根据"Governmentsneedtomakerulesaboutwhere,when,andhowthesetaxiscanfly.”可知，此处在介绍空

中出租车的不足之处，E选项“但是在空中出租车普及之前还有很多事情要做。”符合语境。故选E。

七、1.Onlyafewthousandpeople.2.Cities.3.Tohuntanimalsforfood.4.Noone./Nobody.

5.Becausethecityisnoisy.

【导语】本文简单介绍了城市是怎么从村庄演变而来的。

1.根据“Longlongago,theworldhadonlyafewthousandpeople.”可知,很久很久以前,世界上仅有几千人。

故填Onlyafewthousandpeople.

2.根据“Peoplebuiltfactories（工厂）.Moreandmorepeoplelivednearthefactories.Sothevillagesgrewinto

cities.”可知，人们建立工厂后，村庄就变成了城市。故填Cities,

3.根据"Thesepeoplemoved（搬迁）fromoneplacetoanother.Theymovedovertheland（陆地）,huntinganimals

forfood.”可知，很久以前的人类不断迁徙是为J’捕猎动物作为食物。故填Tohuntanimalsforfood.

4.根据“Nooneknowshoworwhenthesepeoplelearnedaboutgrowingfood.”可知，没有人知道人们何时学会

种植食物。故填Noone./Nobody.

5.本题为开放性题目，答案不唯一，言之