高考英语一轮（新课标）训练检测：阅读理解之生态环保类（含解析）

考点十九生态环保类

第7步

4刷基础•刷经典►

A

限时10分钟

Knownas"wolfgirl”atherWestWarwick,R.I.school,AlyssaGraysonhas

spentmuchofheryounglifeteachingotherstoprotectandrespectanimals.After

startingawolfclubinthesecondgrade,Alyssalearnedallshecouldaboutherfavorite

animals.Today,shegivespresentationsaboutprotectingwolvesatlibrariesand

schools—she'sevenspokenatauniversity.Infact,she'sbecomesuchawolfexpert

thatshewasappointedasthefirstjunioradvisortotheNationalWolfwatcherCoalition.

Whenshe'snotteachingothersaboutwolves,Alyssacanbefoundvolunteeringat

herlocalanimalshelter,takingcareofdogsandcats.She'salsotrainedasacitizen

scientistforFrogWatchUSA.Inshort,AlyssaGraysonprovesthatyouarenevertoo

youngtomakeadifferenceforanimals.

Whenaskedhowshegotinterestedinsavingwolves,Alyssasays,'Tveloved

wolvessinceIsawtheminamoviewhenIwas2or3yearsold.ThenonedayIsawa

commercialaboutwolfhunting.Iaskedmymotherwhypeopledothis,andshetold

mebecausepeopledon'tlikewolves.IdecidedfromthenonthatIwantedtosave

wolves.”

Today,wolvesarehunted,trapped,orpoisoned.Hunterschasewolvesformiles

inanairplaneuntilthewolvesaretooexhaustedtorunanymore.Thentheyshoot

them.Theanimaldoesn'thaveachancetoescape.Animalsarealsotrappedfortheir

fur.Theyarelefttosufferinatrapwithnofood,water,orshelter.Alyssathinksthe

furlooksbetterontheanimalinthewild,whereit'smeanttobe,thanonahuman.

Alyssabelieveswolvesareimportanttoourworlds.Shesays,uWolvesarean

apexpredator,whichmeanstheyareatthetopofthefoodchain.Removingthemfrom

theecosystemisabigmistake.Theecosystemislikeachainofdominoes（多米诺骨

牌）一withtheapexpredatorastheoneinfront.Ifyouweretoknockdownthat

domino,therestofthechainwouldgodowntoo.”

Peopleusuallythinkof"theBigBadWolf'whentheyhearabout

wolves.However,Alyssasays,“Iftheywouldbasetheirthoughtsonfacts,notfairy

tales,wewouldn'thavepeoplewantingtokillwolves.”

；篇章导读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文;文奉主要讲述了阿：

:莉莎在二年级发起一个狼俱乐部之后,开始知道她最喜：

:欢的动物是狼。她呼吁人们客观地对待并保护这种动：

:物•不要因为童话故事而对它存在偏见。:

1.Alyssaisknownas“wolfgirl“atherschoolbecause.

A.shekeepswolvesaspets

B.shewasraisedbywolves

C.shedoesalottoprotectwolves

D.shestartedawolfclubatherschool

答案：C细节理解题。根据文章首句中的“hasspent...toprotectandrespect

animals”以及下文所述她喜欢狼并呼吁大家保护狼这一物种可知，阿莉莎在学校中

被称为“狼女”，是因为她用她的青春教会了其他人保护和尊重狼。故选C。

2.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Alyssa.

A.gainedknowledgeaboutwolvesatlibraries

B.caresaboutotheranimalsbesideswolves

C.startedtogivepresentationssincethesecondgrade

D.isthefirstjuniorcitizenscientistforFrogWatchUSA

答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第二段描述可知，她除了关心狼之外，还照

顾其他的动物，如猫和狗。故选B。

3.Paragraph4ismainlyabout.

A.whywolvesarekilled

B.whywolvesaretrapped

C.thetoolsusedtohuntwolves

D.howwolvesaretreated

答案：D段落大意题。文章第四段主要讲述了狼被猎杀、被围困或被毒亡的

事实。人们为了它们的皮毛不断地去猎杀它们，不给它们逃生的机会，所以该段

讲述了狼是被如何对待狗。故选D。

4.FromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatAlyssa.

A.doesn'tneedfairytales

B.doesn'tbelieveinfairytales

C.encouragespeopletofindoutthefactsaboutwolves

D.believesthatmorepeoplewillworktosavewolves

答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，当人们提到狼的时候往往说“大

坏狼”。如果人们把想法建立在事实的基础上，而不是童话上，我们人类就没有人

想要杀死它们了。因此可推知，阿莉莎鼓励人们客观地对待狼，看到狼真实的一

面。故选C。

B

限时10分钟

DrivethroughanysuburbintheUStoday,andit'shardtomisstherecyclingbins

thathavebecomecompanionstoAmerica'strashcans.Recyclinghasbecomecommon,

aspeoplerecognizetheneedtocarefortheenvironment.Yetmostpeople'srecycling

consciousnessextendsonlyasfaraspaper,bottles,andcans.Peopleseldomfind

themselvesfacingthegrowingproblemofewaste.

Ewasterapidlyincreasesasthetechnofashionablefrequentlyupgradetothemost

advanceddevices,andthemajorityofthemendupinlandfills（垃圾填埋地）.Some

peoplewhotracksuchwastesaythatusersthrowawaynearly2milliontonsofTVs,

VCRs,computers,cellphones,andotherelectronicseveryyear.Unlesswecanfinda

safereplacement,thisewastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewaterwith

dangeroustoxins（毒素），suchaslead,mercury,andarsenic.Burningthewastealso

dangerouslycontaminatestheair.

However,ewasteoftencontainsreusablesilver,gold,andotherelectrical

materials.Recyclingthesematerialsreducesenvironmentalproblemsbyreducingboth

landfillwasteandtheneedtolookforsuchmetals,whichcandestroyecosystems.

Agrowingnumberofstateshaveadoptedlawstobandumpingewaste.Still,less

thanaquarterofthiswastewillreachlawfulrecyclingprograms.Somecompanies

advertisingsafedisposalinfactmerelyshipthewastetosomedevelopingcountries,

whereitstillendsupinlandfills.Theseorganizationspreventprogressbyunsafely

disposingofwasteinanoutofsight,outofmindlocation.

However,thesmallbutgrowingnumberofcitiesandcorporationsthatdohandle

ewasteresponsiblyrepresentsprogresstowardmakingtheworldacleaner,betterplace

forusall.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明星:…随着技术的不苒更新.人

汴1日益关注垃圾的回收再利用•回收普通垃圾已经成为:

;世人的习惯。然而•合理回收电子废弃物是环保领域的，

;重要任务和课题。:

5.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A.ManyAmericansnowhaveaccesstorecyclingbins.

B.EwastecannotbeputintotrashcansintheUS.

C.MostAmericanshaverealizedthedangersofewaste.

D.MostofAmerica'strashcansaremadeofrecycledmaterial.

答案：A推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，在美国，废弃物的回收利用

变得很普遍，因为人们已经意识到需要关注环境。所以，A项（很多美国人可以利

用回收箱）符合题意，故选A。

6.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“conlaminates”inParagraph2?

A.Pollutes.B.Heats.

C.Absorbs.D.Reduces.

答案：A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"thisewastemaygetintothegroundand

poisonthewalerwithdangeroustoxins（毒素），suchaslead,mercury,andarsenic”可

知，这些电子污染会进入土地，污染到水源，那么燃烧污染物可能会污染空气。

由此可推断出contaminates的意思与pollutes相近，即“毒害，污染”，故选A。

7.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutburyingewasteinlandfills?

A.It'simportant.B.It'sunsafe.

C.It'sacceptable.D.It'suncommon.

答案：B推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的“thisewastemaygetintothe

groundandpoisonthewater”和第四段尾句中的“Theseorganizationspreventprogress

byunsafely”可知，只是把电子垃圾放在看不见的垃圾填埋场，但仍旧不安全,

因为它还在那里，分析选项可知B正确。

8.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Totellushowtorecycleewaste.

B.Totalkaboutthefutureofewaste.

C.Todiscussifit'snecessarytorecycleewaste.

D.Toencourageustodealwithewasteproperly.

答案：D推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们对垃圾的回收普遍关注，回收普

通垃圾已经成为习惯。但随着科技的发展，合理回收电子垃圾成为现代废弃物回

收的重点。故本文的目妁是鼓励我们合理处理电子垃圾，故选D。

C

限时8分钟

About5,000childrendieeachdaybecauseofpreventablediseasessuchascholera

anddysentery（痢疾），whichspreadwhenpeopleuseuncleanwaterfordrinkingor

cooking.Alackofwaterforpersonalhealthleadstothespreadoftotallypreventable

diseasesliketrachoma,whichhasblindedsomesixmillionpeople.

Watertroublesalsotrapmanylowincomefamiliesinacycleofpovertyandpoor

educationandthepoorestsuffermostfromlackofaccesstowater.Peoplewhospend

muchoftheirtimeonillhealth,caringforsickchildren,orcollectingwaleratadistance

averaging3.75milesadaydon'thaveeducationalandeconomicchancestobettertheir

lives.

Agricultureiscalledthelion'sshareofcleanwaterworldwide,usingsome70

percent,andindustrialuseneedsanother22percent.Waterareashavenopolitical

bordersandnationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosharecommonresources,sowater

canbeafrequentsourceofinternationalproblemsaswell.

Daybydaydemandkeepsgrowing,furtherdrainingwatersources,fromgreatrivers

togroundwater."We'regoingdeeperintodebtonourgroundwateruse,“Postelsaid,

“andthathasgreateffectsonglobalwatersafety.Therateofgroundwaterusehas

doubledsince1960.

SomeofEarth'sgroundwaterisfossilwatercreatedwhenEarth'sclimatewasfar

different.Todaysuchwaterisaslimitedaspetrol."Butwe'repumpingmuchof

themoutfasterthanever,“Postelexplained."Man'sgrowingthirstalsocausesa

majorproblemaboutwaterandourecosystems.Andthatalsocreatesacosttous,to

oursonsandtoourgrandsons,notjusttonature.”

谶章导读:本文更一篇说丽文「水更生各之瀛:g人荚的：

"世康、农业等息息相关.然而在很多地区.水资源短缺已:

:成了一个相当严峻的挑战。:

9.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?

A.Watershortagehasbeenamostseriouschallenge.

B.Somanychildrendieofpollutedwatereveryday.

C.Diseasesshouldbeproperlycontrolledandtreated.

D.Wastingwaterleadstotheunrestoftheworld.

答案：A主旨大意题。本文讲述了目前在全世界范围内，水资源短缺给人们

的健康、生活、经济等带来的不利影响，水资源短缺是人类面临的一个相当严峻

的挑战。

10.Whyisagriculturecalledthelion'sshareofcleanwater?

A.Becauseagricultureismuchstrongerthanindustry.

B.Becausemorepeopleliveontheagriculturalproduce.

C.Becauseagricultureusesabouttwothirdsofcleanwater.

D.Becausenationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosavewater.

答案：C细节理解题。依据文中第三段第一句中的“usingsome7()percent,and

industrialuseneedsanother22percent”可知，世界上约70%的清洁水被农业生产耗

用，农业是消耗清洁水最多的产业。

11.AccordingtowhatPostelsaidwecanknow.

A.groundwaterisrichforustouse

B.thereisnoneedtodigdeepforgroundwater

C.weareusingournextgenerations'water

D.weshoulduseriverwaterinsteadofgroundv/ater

答案：C推理判断题。依据最后两段中Posiel的话，尤其是第五段最后一句

可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙的水资源。

12.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Weshouldn'tusewaterfromrivers.

B.Weshouldprotectourecosystems.

C.Watershouldbedistributedequally.

D.Lawsshouldbepassedforgroundwater.

答案：B推理判断题。文章在讲述水资源的重要性，且用具体例子和教据进

行证明；再结合尾段倒数第二句"Man'sgrowingthirstalsocausesamajorproblem

aboutwaterandourecosystems.”可推知，我们要保护我们的生态系统。

D

限时8分钟

OurplanetEarthiscomparativelysmall,withonlyabout24,902milesaroundthe

equator（赤道）.Itssurfaceareamayseemlargestat196,935,000squaremiles,but

ofthis,71%iscoveredbysea.Theactuallandsurfacecoverssome57,5（X）,000

squaremiles一29%ofthetotalsurfacearea.

Onceagain,thisseemsvastuntilwetakeintoaccountthelargelyuninhabited

regionssuchasthehugewastesoftheArcticandAntarctic,thedesertsand

wetlands.Theseregionsarenotalwaystotallyuninhabited,buttheycanusually

supportonlyverysmallpopulations.

AtpresentthereisstillenoughspaceonEarthforhumansandwildlife,butwhatof

thefuture?Ourworldcannotgrowanylarger,yetthehumanpopulationkeepsgrowing

everyyear!AsofJuly2008,therewerealmost6.7billionpeopleontheplanet,and

currentestimates（估计）suggestthatthepopulationcouldbeashighas9.1billionby

assoonas2050.

WhilethebirthrateisslowingalittleinpartsoftheNorthernHemisphere,inmany

otherpartsoftheworld,includingdevelopingcountries,populationscontinueto

grow.Thispopulationexplosionisresponsibleformostworldenvironmentalproblems

today;sowhetherourmainconcernistobreathecleanerair,todrinkpurerwater,to

eliminate（消除）pollution,toprotectwildlifeandcountryside,toproducemorefoodto

eatortoreachahigherstandardoflivinggenerally,ourchancesofachievinganyof

thesethingsbecomefaintasthepopulationincreasessharply.TheEarth'sresourcesare

vastbutlimited.Wehaveatendencytolooktotheshortterm,ratherthanseeingthe

biggerpictureofthefuture.

Thisiswhyitissoimportantthatyoungpeoplelearnaboutlookingafterthe

planet-sothatfuturegenerationsofadultsactresponsiblywithregardtothe

environmentandcreateafuturethatiscontinuable,bothforhumansandalltheother

specieswithwhichweshareourworld.

，篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文；随着世界人口的不断增:

，加，陆地可开发利用的空间越来越小，我们应该保护我们:

:所生活的地球，使我们的地球家园能够可持续生存。;

13.Whatdoestheauthorworryabout?

A.Howtofindwaystoliveinuninhabitedregions.

B.TheEarthisturningsmallerandsmaller.

C.Whetherthereisenoughspaceforcreaturesinthefuture.

D.Whatpeoplewillliveoninthefuture.

答案:C推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句中的疑问句“butwhatofthe

future?”可以推断出，作者对于在将来人和野生生物是否还有足够的生存空间感

到担心。故选C。

14.Accordingtothetext,wecaninferthat.

A.thepopulationvzillincreasebyabout0.6billioneverytenyears

B.thebirthratearoundtheequatorisalittlelow

C.populationexplosioniscausedbyenvironmentalproblems

D.morepopulationbringsmoreresources

答案：A推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，从2008年的大约67亿

人口到2050年的91亿人口，在42年中，人口大约要增长24亿，即每十年大约

增长6亿。故选A。由笫四段第一句可知，北半球的某些地区人口出生率偏低，

故B项错误；由第四段第二句可知，大部分环境问题是由急剧增多的人口造成的,

故C项错误；D项不合常理。

15.Whatdocstheunderlinedwordt4fainf'mean?

A.Important.B.Slight.

C.Necessary.D.Interesting.

答案：B词义猜测题。画线词前面提到人们想要呼吸更清洁的空气、喝更纯

净的水、消除污染、保护野生生物和乡村、生产出更多的食物或普遍地达到一个

更高的生活标准，然而人口数量的急剧增加，使人们实现这些想法的机会都变得

微小了。故可推断出，faint的意思是“微小的；可能性不大的”，对比选项可知，

slight“微小的”含义与其相近。故选B。

16.Whichofthefollowingideasissuggestedbytheauthor?

A.Takingstrongmeasurestocontrolthebirthrate.

B.SavingtheEarth'snaturalresources.

C.Callingontheyoungtocarefortheplanet.

D.Protectingtheendangeredspecies.

答案：C推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，作者呼吁年轻人关爱地球，

以便保护人类和其他物种未来的生存空间。故选C。

第2步

,刷高考-刷模拟►

A

限时10分钟

（2018•浙江高考）StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabit

makessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowto

reducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedownthe

road.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustry

behindtheplasticshoppingbag.

Americansusemorethan10（）billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somany

endupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrov/ingnumberofcitiesdonotallow

thematcheckouts（收银台）.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,

includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plasticbagmakersarehiring

scientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetas

mostpeopleassume.

Amongthebagmakers1arguments:manycitieswithbansstillallowshoppersto

purchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceand

transport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmall

percentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.

Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:

reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemore

plasticbaguseitcancelsout.However,longcrlastingreusablebagsoftenrequire

moreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131

timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.

Environmentalistsdon'tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbe

bannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.

;篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文；文章主要探讨了人们该:

:用塑料袋还是环保袋或者两者都不使用.并分析了其?

源因。：

1.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?

A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.

B.Recyclethewastematerial.

C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.

D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.

答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句并结合第二段最后一句中的

uplasticbagmakersarchiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproducts

arcno（asbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassumeM可知，塑料袋制造商雇佣Stein

这样的科学家来为塑料购物袋的使用进行辩护。故选D。

2.Whatdocstheword“headwinds"inParagraph2referto?

A.Bansonplasticbags.

B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.

C.Headachescausedbygarbage.

D.Plasticbagshungintrees.

答案：A词义猜测题。画线词是承接其上一句的内容描述，指在包括洛杉矶

在内的加利福尼亚州的90个城市，塑料袋是禁匚使用的。再结合画线词后的“t。

makethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume”可

推断出，此处headwinds指的是“bansonplasticbags”,即对塑料袋的禁令。故选A。

3.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplasticbagmakers?

A.Theyarequiteexpensive.

B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.

C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.

D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.

答案：D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，环保袋的一个缺点是生

产它们需要更多能源。故选D。

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Plastic,PaperorNeither

B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment

C.RecycleorThrowAway

D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl

答案：A标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一、二段介绍了塑料袋的禁用

及原因；第三、四段介绍了环保袋的使用及其缺点；再结合最后一段第二句可知，

环境学家甚至希望某天也可以禁用纸袋。因此A项（到底是选择塑料袋，纸袋还是

两者都不使用）准确地概括了文章的主题，适合作标题。故选A。

B

限时8分钟

㊉（2019•陕西省部分学校摸底检测）Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld's

firstmachinetocleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplastic.

Theexpertsbelievethemachineshouldbeabletocollecthalfofthedetritusinthe

patch—about40,000metrictons——withinfiveyears.Inthepastfewweekstheyhave

beenbusyweldingtogethergianttubesthatwillsitonthesurfaceoftheseaandform

theskeletonofthemachine,creatingthelargestfloatingbarrierevermade.

Thesystem,originallydreamtupbyMrSlat,willbeshippedoutthissummerto

theGreatPacificGarbagePatch,betweenHawaiiandCalifornia,whichcontains

estimated1.8trillionpiecesofplastic.Itwillbethefirsteverattempttotacklethe

patchsinceitwasdiscoveredin1997.

MrSlatwas16andstillatschoolwhenhewasdivinginGreeceandfirstsawfor

himselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea."Thereweremorebagsthanfish

downthere,"herecalls.Twoyearslaterhecameupwithasolution,quituniversity

aftersixmonthsandsetupTheOceanCleanupasacompany.MrSlatsaysthefirst

plastictoarriveonshorewillbeamajormilestone."Weashumanitycreatedthis

problem,soIthinkit'salsoourresponsibilitytohelpsolveit,“hesays.

TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)coversanareaof1.6millionsquare

kilometersandcontainsatleast79,000tonsofplastic,researchfoundlastmonth.Most

ofitismadeupof“ghostgear”—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnets

andropes-oftenfromillegalfishingvessels.

Ghostgearkillsmorethan100,000whales,dolphinsandsealseachyear,according

toscientificsurveys.Seabirdsandothermarinelifeareincreasinglybeingfounddead

withstomachsfullofsmallpiecesofplastic.Creatureseatplasticdiscardedinthesea

thinkingit'sfoodbutthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.Others

aretrappedanddieofstarvationorarestrangledorsuftbeatedbyghostgear.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的支沆

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?

A.Waste.B.Ocean.C.System.D.Machine.

答案：A词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collecthalf。F，第四段第一

句中的“firstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea”和第五段最后一

句中的upartsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes-oftenfrom

illegalfishingvessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”，故选A。

6.WhichonemakesupmostofthegarbageinPacificfromthepassage?

A.Fishingvessels.B.Dolphinsandseals.

C.Gianttubes.D.Abandonedfishinggear.

答案：D细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句"Mostofitismadeupof4ghost

gear’——partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes-oftenfrom

illegalfishingvessels.n可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。

7.WhydosomecreaturesinTheGreatPacificGarbagePatchdieofstarvation?

A.Becausetheyarekilledbyghostgear.

B.Becausetheyaresuffocatedbyghostgear.

C.Becausetheydon'tlikeeatingplastic.

D.Becausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.

答案：D细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数笫二句中的“butthenstarvetodeath

becausetheyarenotfeedingproperly”可知，太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因

为它们不能真正地进食，

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Areportaboutthedeathofmarinelife.

B.Newsaboutthefirstmachinetocleanupoceanplastic.

C.Informationaboutoceanplastic.

D.Thereasonforinventingamachine.

答案：B主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清

扫机的发明。第一段"Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld*sfirstmachineto

cleanuptheplanet'slargestmassofoceanplaslic.”点明了文章的主题，故选B。

C

限时7分钟

（2017•全国卷IQAfleryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedto

YellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedto

thepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170

wolves.

Graywolvesoncev/ereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchof

thecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhuman

development.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstone

area.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewer

humansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelk

populations-majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf-grewrapidly.Theseanimals

consumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被），whichreducedplantdiversityinthe

park.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyotes

killedalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark's

beavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducing

wolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelk

andcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolves

wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplanloreintroducethe

wolves.TheUSFishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolf

packsinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfis

fittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversand

redfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluable

experimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthe

countryaswell.

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章详细叙述了把灰狼重新引入黄石国家公

园的原因以及这一方案从提出到实施的经过和其会产生的影响。

9.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.

C.Theconflictbetweenfannersandgraywolves.

D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

答案：D主旨大意题。文章围绕重新将灰狼引入黄石公园展开讨论。故选D。

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inParagraph2mean?

A.Tested.B.Separated.

C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.

答案：C词义猜测题。根据上文可知，灰狼曾经随处可见，再结合后文“wolves

hadpracticallydisappeared”可知，与displaced意思最接近的是C项“被迫离开

displace”取代；替代”。test“测试"；separate"分开"；trackdown“追查到”，

均与语境不符。

11.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?

A.Damagetolocalecology.

B.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.

C.Preservationofvegetation.

D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.

答案：A推理判断题。由第三段可知，灰狼的消失产生了很多意想不到的结

果。鹿及麋鹿的数量快速增长，导致植被破坏，糜鹿吃掉了大量赤狐，并迫使河

狸离开黄石公园。由此可知，灰狼的消失导致当地的生态失去平衡。故选A。

12.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.

答案：B推理判断题。由最后一段可知，灰狼回归后，鹿及麋鹿的数量减少

了，而河狸和赤狐又回来了，再由“avaluableexperimenttohelp”等可推断出作者对

于黄石狼项目持肯定态度。故选B。

D

限时12分钟

（2018•全国卷I）Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnology

atthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusing

ourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsforthe

environment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergy

thantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandher

colleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedthe

environmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife——fromwhenitsminendsarc

minedtowhenweslopusingthedevice.Thismelhodprovidedareadoutforhow

homeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedby

generation.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andboxsetTVsdefined

1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,

andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsandereadersshowedupin2007.

Aswcaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wcdidn'tthrowoutourold

ones."Thelivingroomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,and

suddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,“saidone

researcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin

1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseold