翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题4

翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题4

IVocabularyandGrammar

Part1CorrectingGrammaticalErrors

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingstatementsthereisan

underlinedpartthatisindicatedasanerror.Choosethewordor

phrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroris

corrected.

TheIiileinelorigiiiciledonAnieiicansoil.In1969,IlieAdvanced

ResearchProjectsAgencyoftheUSDefenseDepartmentestablishedthe

world'sfirsttestingpacket-switchednetv/ork(PSN)toconnectfour

universitiesonUSsoil.Theworldsawaremarkableexpansionofthe

scaleandnumberofInternetusersfromthelate1970stotheearly

1980s.InSeptember1989,theInternetCorporationforAssignedNames

andNumbers(ICANN)wasfoundedwithagrantfromtheUSDepartment

ofCommencetoadministertheInternetterminalserver.Overthepast

40years,theUShasbeendominatingtheworldInternetasthecore

techniqueholderwithaninherentadvantageofbeingthecradleof

theInternet.

Thereare13terminalserversintheworldtokeeptheInternet

run1,withamasterserverandnineofthe12

second2serversstationedintheUS.Intermsof

technique,thenetworkofacountrywilldisappearfromtheworld

Internetifitsdomainnameregistryisblockedordeletedfromthe

terminalserver.Thiskindofconductisnotlegally

binded3withthelawofanycountryexceptICANN.In

April2004,Libyawasseen4ontheInternetforthree

daysafterthecollapseofthedomainnameregistryofthecountry

〃LY〃causedbyadomainadministrationdispute.

ConcernsabouttheUSmonopolyofthedomainnameserver(DNS)

systemgrewamongothernationsasmuchastheirrelianceonthe

Internetforissuesranging5politicsandtheeconomyto

defenseandthegeneralsociety.Yearsago,therewasaproposalthat

theInternetis6administeredbytheUnitedNationsor

underinternationalcooperation.TheEuropeanUnioninsistedthatthe

WorldWideWebwas7aninternationalresourcethatshould

bejointlymanagedbyallnations.Somedevelopingcountriespointed

to8thatattheearlystageofInternetdevelopment,

developedcountriesseizedlargeamountsofdomainnames,leavinga

limitedfewforthem,anddemandedasharewiththeUSoverInternet

administration.Americanofficialsopposedto9the

suggestion.

TheUSDefenseStrategyReviewinMarch2005statedthat

Internetspaceshouldhavethesamepriority

with10continental,marine,aerialandouterspace

jurisdictionsfortheUStomaintainadecisivesuperiority.A

sldleinenlrromWashingLononJune30,2005,madeiIclearIhciLtheUS

governmentwouldmaintainitscontrolon11theDNS

indefinitely;statingthatatransferofitsmanagementtoUNor

internationalcooperativemodelswouldimpedethefreeflowof

information,leading12toeasymanipulationofthe

Internetandmakeglobalsupervisionmoredifficult.

Atthesametime,theUSCongresspassedabillbyavoteof

423tozerourged13amanifestobytheWhiteHousethat

AmericancontroloverInternetisinviolable.USRep.JohnTaylor

Doolittle,aRepublicanfromCalifornia,saidtheUnitedStates

inventedtheInternetanddescribed14asagifttothe

worldbasedonAmericantaxpayers'money.Hesaidheopposedanymove

totransferthecountry，scontroltotheUN.

ThecontroloftheInternetplaysa

strategical15roleforUS.Usingtheinternet,theUScan

interceptinformationviathenet,exportUSvaluesandopinions,

supporta〃ColorRevolution”,feedthe

oppositing16powersandrebelsagainstanti-US

governments,interfere17othercountries，internal

affairsandmakeproactiveattacksonenemy'scommunicationand

directingnetworks.James-Adams,afamousmilitaryforecaster,

wrote18hisbook,TheNextWorldWar,thesewords:"The

computeristheweaponforthefuturewarandthereisnovirtual

frontline,while19thetraditionalbattleandthebyte

willtakethebullet'sroletograbcontroloftheair.〃

USPresidentBarackObamarepeatly20stressedthe

importanceoftheInternetduringhiscampaign.Heaskedtherelevant

departmentstoassessthesecurityoftheAmericannetwork,andto

prepare21theimplementationofinformationhegemonyto

continuetheworkofcontrollingthenewgenerationofInternetRoot

Servers.TheassessmentreportreleasedbytheUSgovernmentonMay

29,2009,saidthatcyberspacethreatshavebecomeoneofthemost

seriouseconomicandmilitarythreatsfacingby22the

UnitedStates.ThereportemphasizedthattheUSmustshowtheworld

theywereseriouslyrespondingtothechallenge.Againstthis

background,MicrosoftannouncedtheclosureofMSNservicesforCuba,

Iran,Syria,SudanandtheDPRK.Buttheworldopinion

considers23asinformationsanctioninsteadofmeetinga

challenge.

1.

正确答案：

run->running

正确答案：

second->secondary

3.

正确答案：

bindedfbinding

4.

正确答案：

seen-*unseen

正确答案：

ranging-*rangingfrom

6.

正确答案：

is-*be

7.

正确答案：

was-*is

8.

正确答案:

18.

正确答案：

wrote-*后面加in

19.

正确答案：

while-*as

20.

正确答案：

repeatly-*repeatedly

21.

正确答案：

prepared-后面加for

22.

正确答案：

by-*by去掉

23.

正确答案：

considers-后面加this

IIClozeTest

Directions:Inthefollowingtwopassages,thereare15blanksin

eachpassagerepresentingthewordsthataremissingfromthe

contexts.Youaretoreadthepassagethroughbeforeprovidingthe

missingwordofeachblanktocompletethepassage.

Philanthropy

IthasbecomeanAmericantraditionthatthosewhoattaingreat

wealthreturnsomeofittothepublicthroughphilanthropy.Anearly

exampleofthiswasthegenerosityofAmosLawrenceofMassachusetts,

awealthymerchantwhointhe1830sandafterwardscontributedmuch

moneyforfaminereliefinIreland.Healsodonatedgenerouslyto

educationalandotherhumanitariancauses.

Intheearlyyearsofthetwentiethcenturyseveralmenwhohad

amassedvast1likewisebecamegreatphilanthropists.

AndrewCarnegie,anexceptionallyenergeticman,2has

begunworkingtwelvehoursadaywhenhewasonlyfourteenyears

old,3oneoftheworld*srichestmenbypioneeringinthe

steel4,Afterhisretirementin1900hedevotedhistime

andhiswealthtothe5offreepubliclibraries.Healso

setupfoundationsformedicalresearchand6worldpeace.

Carnegie'sbelief,asheexpresseditinanessay,

was7thewealthypeisonmusI"consideral1surplus

revenues8cometohimsimplyas'trustfunds'whichis

strictlyboundasamatterof9toadministerinthe

mannerbestcalculatedtoproducethemost10resultsfor

thecommunity—themanofwealththusbecomingthe

mere11andagentforhispoorerbrethren.z，

JohnD.Rockefeller,whoalsobeganasapoorboy,

became12richthroughoilrefineriesandother

enterprises.Inhis13age,intheearly1900's,hebegan

todonatemillionsforbeneficial14.Thevarious

RockefellerFoundationssupportresearchaswell

as15causesintheUnitedStatesandinotherpartsof

theworld.Rockefellerfundsarenowfightinghungerthroughtheso-

called“greenrevolution,wherebynewagriculturaltechniqueshave

greatlymultipliedtheyieldoffoodcropsinMexico,India,Pakistan,

andpartsofAfrica.

ThroughtheFordFoundation,andbasedonautomobileprofits,

HenryFordIIdonated$500millionin1950touniversitiesand

hospitalsforimprovingeducationandhealth.Thislikewisebecamea

world-famousfoundation,whoseactivitieshavespreadfarandwide.

Someofthismoneywaseffectivelyspendfightcholeraandtyphusin

far-offNepal.

1.

正确答案：

fortunes

2.

正确答案：

who

3.

正确答案：

became

4.

正确答案：

industry

5.

正确答案：

establishment

6.

正确答案：

for

7.

正确答案：

that

8.

正确答案：

which

9.

正确答案：

duty

10.

正确答案：

beneficial

11.

正确答案：

trustee

12.

正确答案：

fabulously

13.

正确答案：

old

14.

正确答案：

uiideilakiiig

15.

正确答案：

humanitarian

WorldBank

TheWorldBankisoneofthelargestsuppliersofdevelopment

assistance.Itsmaingoalistoimprovelivingconditionsforpoor

peoplethroughouttheworld.Lastyear,itprovidedmorethan

seventeen-thousand-milliondollarsinloanstodevelopingcountries

tohelpendpoverty.Themoneywenttoeffortslikedebtreduction

forsomeofthepoorestcountriesinthevzorld.Thatprogramwas

designedtoincreasedebtassistanceandprovideitfasterthanin

thepast.Asaresult,twenty-threecountriesreceiveddebt

assistancelastyearascomparedtosevencountriestheyearbefore.

TheWorldBankdoesmorethanjust16loans,however.

Itbelievesthatcontinuedpovertyreduction

comes17investinginthepeopleofacountry-especially

througheducationandhealth18.WorldBankPresident

JamesWolfensohnannouncedonesuchprogram19thisyear

attheorganization5syearlyspring20inWashington.The

“EducationforAll"planisaimedatgettingall

children21theagesoffiveandelevenintoearly

education.TheWorldBankplansto22theprogramsoonin

tencountries.Bankleaderswillchoose23thathave

strongeducationreformplansbutnomoneytoestablishthem.

TheWorldBankusesengineers,economists,public

policy24andsocialscientiststocreatethesekindsof

programs.These25alsoprovidedevelopingcountrieswith

thenecessary26helptocarryouttheprograms.Ten

thousandpeopleworkforthe27Bank.Eightthousandare

basedinWashington.Therestarespread28theworld.The

WorldBankisownedbymorethanone-hundred-

eighty29countries.Everycountryholdsdifferentshares

whichrepresentthepositionsand30ofthemembers.

TheWorldBankbeganasamuchsmallergroup.Itwas

establishedataninternationalconferenceintheUnitedStatesin

1944.ILhashelpedl(jmakegreaLprogressindevelopingrialions

especiallyinthepasttwentyorsoyears.Bankofficialssaylife

expectancyindevelopingnationshasincreasedandbabyandchild

deathshavedecreased.Theyalsosaymoreadultsnowcanreadthanin

thepast.

16.

正确答案：

provide

17.

正确答案：

from

18.

正确答案：

programs

19.

正确答案：

ealier

20.

正确答案：

meeting

21.

正确答案：

between

22.

正确答案：

establish

23.

正确答案：

countries

24.

正确答案：

experts

25.

正确答案：

professionals

26.

正确答案：

technical

27.

正确答案：

World

28.

正确答案：

around

29.

正确答案：

member

30.

正确答案：

interests

IHReadingComprehension

Memory

Brainsaredifferentfromcomputers,buttheanalogycanbe

helpful.LikethePCc-nyourdesk,yourmindisequippedwithtwo

basictypesofmemory:"workingmemory"forjugglinginformationin

thepresentmoment,and，zlong-termmemory,forstoringitover

extendedperiods.Contrarytopopularwisdom,ourbrainsdon'trecord

everythingthathappenstousandthenburyituntilahypnotistora

therapisthelpsusdredgeitup.Mostofwhatweperceivehovers

brieflyinworkingmemory,amentalplayspaceakintoacomputer's

RAM,thensimplyevapuiaLes.Workingmeiiioryenablesyoutoperfoim

simplecalculationsinyourheadorretainphonenumberslongenough

todialthem.AndlikeRAM,itletsyouanalyzeandinventthings

withoutcreatingalastingrecord.

Long-termmemoryactsmorelikeaharddrive,physically

recordingpastexperiencesinthebrainregionknownascerebral

cortex.Thecortex,orouterlayerofthebrain,housesathicketof

10billionvine一likenervecells,whichcommunicatebyrelaying

chemicalandelectricalimpulses.Wecanwillthingsintolong-term

memorysimplybyrehearsingthem.Butthedecisiontostoreor

discardapieceofinformationrarelyinvolvesanyconsciousthought.

It'susuallyhandledautomaticallybythehippocampus,asmall,two­

wingedstructurenestleddeepinthecenterofthebrain.Likethe

key-boardonyourcomputer,thehippocampusservesasakindof

switchingstation.Asneuronsoutinthecortexreceivesensory

information.Theyrelayittothehippocampus.Ifthehippocampus

responds,thesensoryneuronsstartformingadurablenetwork.But

withoutthatactofconsent,theexperiencevanishesforever.

Bystoringonlytheinformationwe'remostlikelytouse,our

brainsmaketheworldmanageable.Perfectretentionmaysoundlikea

godsend,butwhenthehippocampusgetsoverlypermissive,theresults

canbedevastating.Attheotherendofthespectrumstands

impairmentsofthemeir.ory,whichcanbecausedbybrainsurgeryas

wellasnormalaging.Othermemorybustersincludedepression,

anxietyandasimplelackofstimulation一allofwhichkeepusfrom

payingfullattentiontooursurroundings.What,then,arethebest

waystoprotectyourmemory?Obviously,anyoneconcernedabout

stayingsharpshouldir.akeapointofsleepingenoughandmanaging

stress.Andbecausethebrainisatthemercyofthecirculatory

system,aheart-healthylifestylemayhavecognitivebenefitsaswell.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingmemoryandthelong-term

memoryarerespectivelyfor.

A.processinginformationandrecordinginformation.

B.calculationandconfirmingthecalculations.

C.storinginformationandperformingcalculations.

D.storinginformationandprocessingthestorage.

正确答案：D

2.AccoiclingtothefiisLparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOT

true?

A.whatweareincontactswithmaynotbeallstoredinthethebrain.

B.whatweareincontactswitharejustshort-livedinthebrain.

C.allofourimmediateknowledgemaybeallreadyforuse.

D.onlysomeinformaticnintheworkingmemorycanberetrievedlater.

正确答案：C

3.Thehippocampusiscomparedtoakeyboardbecause.

A.onlywheninformationisrelatedtothehippocampuscanthesensory

neuronsstartfunctioning.

B.alltheinputofinformationcanbefunctionedbythehippocampus.

C.thehippocampuscantransformalltheinformationreceivedintothe

cortex.

D.onlywhenthehippocampusisfunctioningcantheinformationbe

used.

正确答案：A

4.Whatahumanbraincanrememberanduselargelydependson

A.thecooperationbetweenthecerebalcortexandthehippocampus.

B.thecooperationbetweenthecerebalcortexandtheneurons.

C.howtheneuronsandthehippicampusareworking.

D.howmucheffortahumanbeingismadeinstoringreceived

information.

正确答案：A

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Alltheinformationintheworkingmemorycanbestoredinthe

long-termmemory.

B.Onlysomeoftheinformationcanbestoredinthelong-termmemory.

C.Ifthereceivedinformationisnotjuggled,itmaysoondepartfrom

thememory.

D.Alltheinformationinthelong-termmemoryisfromtheworking

memory.

正确答案：A

TheHistoryofP&G

In1837,thenationwasgrippedbyfinancialpanic,yet,

ProcterandGamblelaunchedtheirnewenterprise,moreconcerned

abouthowtocompetewiththe14othersoapandcandlemakersin

theircity.Theircalir.inthemidstofthateconomicstormreflected

theirforward-1ookingapproachtothebusiness—anapproachthat

becamethehallmarkofProcter&Gamble.

Later,theypioneeredoneofthenation，sfirstprofit-sharing

programsandwereamongthefirstinAmericanindustrytoinvestina

researchlaboratory.By1890,thefledgfingpartnershipbetween

ProcterandGamblehadgrownintoamultinationalcorporation,

Nevertheless,P&Gstillhaditseyesonthefuture.

Atthattime,P&Gwassellingmorethan30differenttypesof

soap,includingIvory.Fueledbyinnovativeadvertising,including

fullcolorprintadsinnationalmagazines,consumers'demandforP&

Gsoapscontinuedtogrow.Tomeetthisincreasingdemand,the

CompanybeganexpandingitsoperationsoutsideCincinnati.

Itsresearchlaboratorywasasbusyasitsplants.Innovative

newproductswererolledoutoneafteranother-IvoryFlakes,asoap

inflakeformforwashingclothesanddishes;Chipso,thefirstsoap

designedforwashingir.achines;Dreft,thefirsthouseholdsynthetic

detergent—andthefirstallvegetableshorteningthatchangedthe

wayAmericacooked,Crisco.

In1945,P&Ghadbecomeanearly$350millioncompany.Its

productswerepopularthroughouttheUnitedStatesandCanada一and

theCompanyhadtakenitsfirststeptowarddevelopinganoverseas

business,withtheacquisitionofThomasHedley&Co.,Ltd.,in

England.

In1946,P&GintroducedTide,itsmostimportantnewproduct

sinceIvory.Tidewasremarkablysuperiortootherproductsonthe

market,anditquicklybecameanenormoussuccess——sosuccessful,in

fact,thatithelpedfundtheCompany'srapidgrowthnotjustinto

newproductlinesbutalsointonewmarketsaroundtheworld.

Today,Procter&Gambleisatrulyglobalcorporation.Since

1980,thecompanyhasquadrupledthenumberofconsumersitcanserve

withitsbrands一aboutfivebillionpeop