Unit5语法专项课件宾语补足语感叹句关系从句（1）课件北师大版英语八年级下册

教学课件北师大英语八年级下册Unit5语法专项——宾语补足语、感叹句、关系从句（1）

全解精讲+分层练习

学习目标1.理解宾语补足语的定义，掌握其常见形式及用法2.熟练掌握感叹句的两种核心结构，能完成句式转换3.认识关系从句，掌握who/which/that的用法及选择技巧4.能独立完成本单元语法的各类基础题型，规避常见错误

语法一宾语补足语定义与核心功能宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的状态、特征或动作让句子意思更完整，无宾补则句意不明确或不完整宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系常跟在使役动词、感官动词、心理动词后使用例句：Wekeeptheroomclean.（clean补充说明room的状态）宾语补足语常见形式（一）：形容词/名词形容词作宾补表宾语的状态、特征，常见搭配：keep/make/find+宾语+adj.例句：Ifindthestoryinteresting.；Shemademehappy.名词作宾补表宾语的身份、名称，常见搭配：call/make/name+宾语+n.例句：WecallhimTom.；Theymadehermonitor.宾语补足语常见形式（二）：不定式/分词不定式作宾补表宾语的具体动作，部分动词后省to，部分需带to省to：make/let/have+宾语+do；带to：want/ask/tell+宾语+todo例句：Hemademefinishthework.；Iaskhertohelpme.分词作宾补现在分词表动作正在进行，过去分词表被动/完成例句：Isawhersinging.；Ifoundthedoorclosed.宾语补足语高频搭配与例句动词搭配宾补形式例句keep+宾语形容词Keepourearthclean.find+宾语名词/形容词Ifinditawaste.make+宾语省to不定式/形容词Shemadehimcry.ask+宾语带to不定式Askhimtocomeearly.call+宾语名词CallthecatMimi.语法一小练手·词形填空1.Mymotherasksme__________(clean)myroomeveryday.2.Wefindthemovie__________(excite)andinteresting.3.Theteachermadeus__________(read)thetextaloud.4.Theycallthiskindofactivitya__________(green)activity.5.Keepyourhands__________(dry)afterwashingthem.tocleanexcitingreadgreendry语法二感叹句定义与核心功能感叹句用于表达强烈的情感，如惊讶、喜悦、愤怒、赞叹等句末必须用感叹号，语气比陈述句强烈核心结构分两类，由What或How引导，需根据中心词判断可通过句式转换，将陈述句变为感叹句例句：Theworldisbeautiful.→Howbeautifultheworldis!感叹句结构一：What引导核心结构1.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+(主+谓)!2.What+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+(主+谓)!关键:中心词为名词，名词前可加形容词修饰例句:Whatanicedayitis!；Whatcleanwateritis!；Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!感叹句结构二：How引导核心结构:How+形容词/副词+(主+谓)!关键:中心词为形容词或副词，无紧跟的名词例句:Howtallheis!（形容词）；Howfastheruns!（副词）；Howimportantitistosavewater!（形容词）感叹句结构对比与判断技巧引导词中心词结构公式例句What名词What+adj.+n.+主+谓!Whatabigtreeitis!How形/副How+形/副+主+谓!Howbigthetreeis!判断技巧:先找句中被修饰的中心词，是名词用What，是形/副用How。感叹句易错点提醒1.What引导时，可数单数名词必须加a/an，不可数/复数不加2.How引导时，后直接接形/副，不可加名词3.主谓部分可省略，如Whatabeautifulflower!；Howhappy!4.避免混用结构，如错误：Howabigtreeitis!语法二小练手·What/How填空1.__________acleanparkitis!2.__________fasttheboyruns!3.__________usefulbookstheyare!4.__________importantitistoprotecttheenvironment!5.__________awonderfulgreenlifewelive!WhatHowWhatHowWhat语法三关系从句（1）定义与功能关系从句也叫定语从句，用于修饰名词或代词修饰的词叫先行词，从句紧跟先行词后提供先行词的额外信息，让句意更具体由关系代词引导，关系代词指代先行词例句：Thegirlwhoissingingismysister.（who修饰先行词thegirl）关系从句常见关系代词（一）：who/whichwho：指代人，在从句中可作主语或宾语先行词为人（person/people/student等）时使用例句：Thepeoplewholovenaturearekind.（作主语）；TheboywhoImetisTom.（作宾语）which：指代物，在从句中可作主语或宾语先行词为物（book/river/water等）时使用例句：Thebookwhichisonthedeskismine.（作主语）；ThepenwhichIboughtisblack.（作宾语）关系从句常见关系代词（二）：thatthat：既可指代人，也可指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语可替换who/which，使用范围更广例句：Thegirlthatisdancingismyfriend.（指代人）；ThebagthatIlostisred.（指代物）注意that在从句中作宾语时，可省略例句：Thebook(that)Ireadisinteresting.关系代词选择技巧1.先找先行词，判断先行词是人还是物2.先行词人→用who/that3.先行词物→用which/that4.从句中作宾语时，that/who/which可省略口诀人用who，物用which，人物都可用that关系从句结构与例句基本结构：先行词+关系代词+从句剩余部分例句1（先行词为人，作主语）Thestudentswhoworkhardwillpasstheexam.例句2（先行词为物，作宾语）Thewater(which)wedrinkisclean.例句3（先行词为物，用that）Theprojectthatwearedoingisgreen.语法三小练手·关系代词填空1.Thegirl____________isplantingtreesismyclassmate.2.Thewater_______________weusecomesfromthelake.3.Thebook____________isaboutgreenlifeisveryinteresting.4.Thepeople____________protecttheenvironmentareheroes.5.Thepen________________Iboughtyesterdayisblue.who/thatwhich/that/不填which/thatwho/thatwhich/that/不填单元语法综合小练·单选（一）1.Weshouldkeepourclassroom__________everyday.A.cleanB.cleaningC.tocleanD.cleaned2.__________beautifulthegreenparkis!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa3.Theboy__________isplayingfootballismybrother.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whoseABB单元语法综合小练·单选（二）4.Ifind__________importanttolearnaboutgreenlife.A.itB.thisC.thatD.its5.__________ausefulsuggestionitis!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa6.Theriver__________flowsthroughourcityisveryclean.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whoseAAC单元语法综合小练·句型转换（一）1.Theroomisverytidy.（改为感叹句）→____________________theroomis!2.Imakethedeskclean.（改为被动语态，宾补保留）→Thedeskismade__________byme.3.Thegirlismysister.Sheiswearingareddress.（合并为关系从句）→Thegirl__________iswearingareddressismysister.Howtidycleanwho/that单元语法综合小练·句型转换（二）4.Itisaveryinterestingbook.（改为感叹句）→____________________interestingbookitis!5.Hetoldmetofinishthework.（改为同义句，用ask）→Heaskedme____________________thework.6.Thepenismine.Ifoundityesterday.（合并为关系从句）→Thepen_________________Ifoundyesterdayismine.Whatantofinishwhich/that/不填单元语法易错点总结（宾语补足语）1.混淆make后接省to不定式和带to不定式，被动语态需还原to2.find后接宾补时，常用it作形式宾语，真正宾语后置3.形容词作宾补时，错用副词形式，如keepitclearly（应为clear）4.名词作宾补时，可数单数名词前漏加冠词，如callhimmonitor（表职位可省）单元语法易错点总结（感叹句）1.What引导时，不可数名词前加a/an，如Whatawater!（错误）2.How引导时，后接名词，如Howaniceday!（错误）3.忽略主谓顺序，如Whatabeautifulflowerisit!（错误）4.可数复数名词前加a/an，如Whatabeautifulflowers!（错误）单元语法易错点总结（关系从句）1.先行词为物时用who，先行词为人时用which，代词混用2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，随意省略，如Thebookisonthedeskismine.（错误）3.用what引导关系从句，what不可作关系代词4.先行词为复数时，从句谓语动词用单数，主谓不一致单元语法知识框架梳理一、宾语补足语1.定义：补充说明宾语的状态/特征/动作，有逻辑主谓关系2.常见形式：形容词、名词、省to/带to不定式、分词3.高频搭配：keep/make/find/call+宾语+宾补二、感叹句1.引导词：What（中心词名词）、How（中心词形/副）2.结构：What+adj.+n.+主谓!；How+形/副+主谓!三、关系从句（1）1.先行词：被修饰的名词/代词，从句紧跟其后2.关系代词：who（人）、which（物）、that（人/物）3.结构：先行词+关系代词+从句剩余部分单元语法综合练习题（一）一、用所给词的适当形式填空（宾语补足语）1.Theteacherwantsus__________(learn)aboutenvironmentalprotection.2.Wefindtheairinthecountryside__________(fresh).3.Myfathermademe__________(stop)playingcomputergames.4.Theycallthelittleboy____________(LittleTree).5.Isawher__________(water)theflowersinthegarden.tolearnfreshstopLittleTreewatering单元语法综合练习题（二）二、按要求改写句子（感叹句）6.Thegreenlifeisverywonderful.（How引导）→________________________________________7.Itisabigfactory.（What引导）→________________________________________8.Thewindblowsgently.（How引导）→________________________________________9.Theyhavelovelychildren.（What引导）→________________________________________10.Itisveryimportanttosavewater.（How引导）→________________________________________Howwonderfulthegreenlifeis!Whatabigfactoryitis!Howgentlythewindblows!Whatlovelychildrentheyhave!Howimportantitistosavewater!单元语法综合练习题（三）三、用适当的关系代词填空（关系从句）11.Theman__________istalkingtomyteacherismyfather.12.Thebag_______________Iboughtismadeofcloth.13.Theflowers__________areinthevaseareverybeautiful.14.Thegirl______________Imetintheparkismyfriend.15.Thebook__________isontheshelfisaboutwaterprotection.who/thatwhich/that/不填which/thatwho/that/不填

which/that单元语法综合练习题（四）四、单项选择16.Iaskhim__________mewithmyEnglish.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helped17.__________dirtytheriveris!Weshouldcleanit.A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa18.Thefood__________weeatshouldbehealthy.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose19.Shemadeherson__________his