2026年湖南省常德市高三一模高考英语试卷试题（含答案详解）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页2026年常德市高三年级模拟考试英语注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和本试题卷的封面上，并认真核对答题卡条形码上的姓名、准考证号和科目。2．所有试题均须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷和草稿纸上作答无效。考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。3．本试题卷共12页。如缺页，考生须及时报告监考老师，否则后果自负。4．考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1．Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttoget?A．Somebread.

B．Abook.

C．Acoffee.

2．Whatdidthewomandoyesterdayevening?A．Shedidherhomework.

B．Sheputonashow.

C．ShewatchedTV.3．Whenwillthespeakersgotothemuseum?A．OnFriday.

B．OnSaturday.

C．OnSunday.

4．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemeasures?A．Quitenecessary.

B．Toostrict.

C．Impractical.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Alight.

B．Ashop.

C．Arobot.

第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A．Atagym.

B．Athome.

C．Ataclinic.7．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Quithisjob.

B．Movearoundmore.

C．Eatmore.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whathascausedthetrafficjam?A．Amusicalevent.

B．Roadworks.

C．Anaccident.9．Wherearethespeakersprobablyheadingnow?A．Toastadium.

B．Toarestaurant.

C．Toacinema.10．Howdoesthemansound?A．Calm.

B．Surprised.

C．Anxious.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．WheredidRyanlearnaboutthe“ArtificialSun”?A．Fromhisfather.

B．Fromthenews.

C．Fromastory.12．Howwillthespeakerslearnmoreaboutthedevice?A．ByreadingMr.Cook’sarticles.

B．Bytakingascienceclass.

C．Bywatchingvideosonline.13．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Familymembers.

B．Classmates.

C．Teacherandstudent.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Whatisthewomandoing?A．Havingadebate.

B．Askingforadvice.

C．Conductinganinterview.15．WhatinspiredDanieltostartplayingchess?A．Abookheread.

B．Adocumentaryhewatched.

C．Agameheplayedasachild.16．WhatcanDanieldothroughhiswork?

A．Enjoyfreedom.

B．Workwithothers.

C．Travelfrequently.17．WhatdoesDanielthinkofhiswork?A．Hehasmixedfeelings.

B．Hefindsitchallenging.

C．Hethinksitisboring.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whatisthepurposeofthemeeting?A．PlanningavacationtoBangkok.B．Organizingculturaleventsabroad.C．Preparingforenvironmentalprojects.19．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegroup?A．TheirhometownisThailand.B．Theywillworkindifferentplaces.C．Theirprojectswilltakeamonth.20．WhenwillthevolunteersleaveThailand?A．OnMarch20th.

B．OnMarch28th.

C．OnApril28th.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAgreatworkshopcancreateinnovation,connectionandtransformationforbothcompaniesandindividuals.Ifyou’reinterested,you’reintherightplace!WhataworkshopisAworkshopisastructuredandinteractivesessiondesignedtoengageparticipantsandfostertheiractiveinvolvementintheprocess.Theyarenottrainingsessionswhereonepersonteacheseveryoneelse.Noraretheymeetingswherepeoplegiveoneanotherupdatesbutrarelycooperateonataskwithastructuredapproach.WorkshopexamplesWorkshopscomeinallshapesandsizes,butyoumightbewonderingwhattheylooklikeinpracticeandhowtheyareputtogether.IdeationDecisionMakingRetrospectiveWhentoUseYouhaveacomplexproblemwithoutanobvioussolution.Yourteamneedstomakeanimportantdecisiontogether.Youfinishaweek-longeventoralongerproject.HowItWorksTeamgeneratesmanyideasaroundatopic,thenanalysesandselectsthebestonesbysharingthemwitheachother.Teamexploresmanyoptions,discussesthoughts,anddecidesonafinaldecision.Teamreflectstogether,discusseswhatwentwellandwhatcouldbeimproved,andthenchoosesactionsforfutureskilldevelopment.KeyOutcomesCarryingoutinnovativeideasquickly.Ateamconsensus(共识)includingallvoices.Teamgrowthandbetterpreparationfornextprojects.WorkshopbestpracticesPlancarefullyandcreateaspecificagendatomeetthegoalsofthesession,comingupwithinnovativesolutions,buildingteamcultureordevelopingskills.Bringafacilitator,whowillnotonlydesignaneffectiveagenda,buthelpguidethegroupthroughtheprocessandreleasecollectiveintelligence.Gettherightpeopleintheroom.Workshopstendtoworkbestwithsmallgroupsofpeople(8-15)whoareinvestedinthetopicofthesessionandhaveinsightsthatcanhelpwiththecooperativework.Designforinteractivity.Selectinginputfromthegroupandusingdirectlyinteractivegamesisahallmarkofaneffectiveworkshop.1．Whatareparticipantsexpectedtodoinaworkshop?A．Listencarefullyandtakenotes.B．Reporttheirindividualworktoothers.C．Evaluatetheeffectivenessofthesession.D．Getinvolvedincooperativetasksactively.2．Ifyouhavejustfinishedaprojectandwanttolearnfromtheexperience,whichonewillyouchoose?A．Ideation. B．DecisionMaking.C．Retrospective. D．Trainingsession.3．Whichofthefollowingisconsideredaworkshopbestpractice?A．Planningaflexibleagenda. B．Playinggamesindependently.C．Invitingmorefacilitators. D．Limitingparticipantstoasmallgroup.BHeidyMartinezneverdreamtofstudyingsharks.ThatchangedduringastudyabroadtripinSouthAfricaincollege.Shewentcagedivingwithclassmates—viewingsharksunderwaterwhileinsideaprotectivecage.Martinezwasmostlytherefortheexcitement.Theboatridewasprovingtobeuncomfortable.Martinez’swetsuitdidn’tfit.Everyonewasfeelingseasick.Whensheenteredtheocean,awomanbesidehersaidshefeltill.“Allofasudden,shebringsup,”Martinezrecalls.“Thenawavecomes,soallshepukes(呕吐)justlandsonme.”Atthatmoment,awhitesharkapproachedthecage.Toseetheshark,Martinezimmediatelydived,pukeandall.Butthesightwasworthit.Moviesusuallyshowthesesharksasbloodyhunters.Butthiswhitesharklookedentirelydifferent.“Iwasshockedathowbeautifulthesharkwas,”shesays.“Thatwasacriticalmomentinmycareer.”Today,Martinezisafreelancesharkresearcher.Whenshedecidedtoswitchcareersinhermid-20s,shefeltscared.HerfamilyhadleftColombiawhenshewas6soshecouldhaveabetterfuture.Sheworriedherparentswouldthinkeverythingshe’ddonewasawaste.Butherdadactuallygotteary-eyedwhenshetoldthem.Heexplainedthathehadwantedtostudymarinebiology,too.“Itfeltlikethisfull-circlemoment,”shesays.“MydadlefteverythingbehindsoIcoulddowhatIlove.”Martinez’sdegreesareinanthropologyandpsychology,notmarinebiology.Butthesebackgroundshaveshapedherasascientist.Anthropologyallowshertoconsiderculturaldifferences.Psychologyhelpsherunderstandhowpeoplereceiveinformation.Forexample,clam(蛤蜊)diversintheGulfofMexicohavelosttheirlivestosharkencounters.Theirreactionistohatesharks.Manyscientiststrytolecturethefishermenabouthowsharksdon’tregularlyattackdivers.ButstudyingpsychologytaughtMartinezthatifyouwantpeopletolistentoyou,youhavetolistentothemfirst.4．WhathappenedtoMartinezduringherstudytripinSouthAfrica?A．Someonethrewuponher. B．Shewasattackedbyashark.C．Shefelttoosicktoenjoythetrip. D．Herwetsuitwastornbyawave.5．WhatcanweinferfromMartinez’sfather’sreaction?A．HeregrettednotleavingColombia.B．Hewasworriedaboutherwastingtime.C．Hewasdeeplytouchedbyherdecision.D．Hefeltsorryforhisownunrealizeddream.6．WhydoestheauthormentionclamdiversinParagraph5?A．Tostresstheimportanceofdegrees.B．Toexplainwhyfishermenfearsharks.C．Toprovethatsharksregularlyattackdivers.D．Toshowtheeffectofinterdisciplinaryknowledge.7．WhatcanbeconcludedfromMartinez’sexperience?A．Listeningisascientificresearchmethod.B．Effortsshouldbemadetoprotectsharks.C．Findingwhatinterestsusdrivescareerpath.D．Successiscloselyrelatedtofamilysupport.CFungi(真菌)andbacteriacouldonedaybepartofalivingbuildingmaterialthatisabletogrowandrepairitself.Oneofthegreatchallengesfacingtheworldasweattempttoreducewasteandgreenhousegasemissionsisfindingmoresustainablebuildingmaterials.Themanufactureofconcretealoneaccountsformorethan5percentoftotalhuman-causedgreenhousegasemissions.Someresearchershopetodevelopengineeredlivingmaterialsfromcellsthathavedesirablequalitiessuchasbeingabletoself-organize,repairandphotosynthesise.Manystrong,mineralisedstructuresexistinlivingorganisms—suchasboneandcoral.Drivenbythis,ChelseaHeveranatMontanaStateUniversityandhercolleaguestestedwhetherasimilarmineralisedstructurecouldbecreatedaroundascaffold(支架)offungalmycelium,whichisanetworkofmicroscopic,branchingsubstanceslikethinthreadsthatmakeuppartofmostfungi.Heveranandherteamgrewamyceliumscaffoldusingaspeciesoffungus,thenappliedthebacteriumSporosarcinapasteuriitothescaffold.Asthefungusandbacteriatransformedurea(尿素)intheirgrowthmedium,theyformedahardenedstructurecomposedofcalciumcarbonate,thesamecompoundfoundineggshellsandseashells.Heveransaysboneisincrediblystrongandtoughgivenhowlightweightitis.Otherlivingmaterialscreatedinthelabhaveonlystayedaliveforafewdays,butthestructuredevelopedbyHeveranandhercolleaguesforatleastamonth.“Weareexcitedaboutourresultsandlookforwardtoengineeringmorecomplexandlargerstructures,”saysHeveran.“Whentherateofsurvivalissufficientlyhigh,wecouldstartreallyapplyinglastingbiologicalcharacteristicstothematerialthatwecareabout,suchasself-healing,sensingorenvironmentalrepair.”“Proposingmyceliumasascaffoldingmediumforlivingmaterialsisasimplebutpowerfulstrategy,”saysAysuKuruattheUniversityofSydney.8．WhatinspiredHeveranandherteamtocarryoutthetest?A．Thewastecausedbyconcretemanufacture.B．Theneedtoreducegreenhousegasemissions.C．Thegrowthofbacteriainbuildingmaterials.D．Theexistenceofmineralisedstructuresinlivingthings.9．Whichaspectofthetestdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Itssignificance. B．Itsprocess.C．Itscondition. D．Itspurpose.10．WhatadvantagedoesthematerialdevelopedbyHeveran’steamhave?A．Itismuchlighterinweight. B．Itcanrepairitselfwithindays.C．Itremainsaliveforalongertime. D．Itrequireslesssubstancestoform.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ALivingBuildingMaterialfromFungiB．HowLivingMaterialsReduceWasteC．Bone,Coral,andtheFutureofFungiD．ASelf-RepairingTestforBacteriaDIn1779,EnglishmanCharlesBlairbuiltthefirstprimitiveshelterforhikerstoviewFrance’sMerdeGlaceglacier(冰川).Asalpine(阿尔卑斯山的)clubssprungupinEuropeandclimbersclaimedfirstvictoriesofmajorpeaksintheAlpsinthe1850sand1860s,theGoldenAgeofAlpinismgaverisetoanetworkofhutstosupportanewtypeofadventuretourism.Some3,000hikinghuts,around1,300ofwhicharestaffedbyEurope’salpineclubstoprovidefoodandsafetyabovethetreeline,arestillstandingintheAlps—fornow.TheMerdeGlaceisreducingatarateof15feetperyear.By2100,90percentoftheglacierwillbegone,whileglaciersworldwideareexpectedtoloseanother366billiontonsinthenextdecade.Therefore,thegroundunderthehutsandthetrailsthatsupportthemisbecomingmoreunstable.Andinthefaceofagingstructures,thefoundationsofhutsarecrumbling.Meltingpermafrost(永久冻土)causessteeper,fasterrockfallsacrosstheAlps.InItaly’sDolomites,search-and-rescueoperationsrose20%lastsummerduetounstableground.“Themountainshavealwaysbeendangerous,”saysglaciologistDanielFarinotti,“butmeltingisspeedingupstrikinglyinrecentyears.”Advancedmonitoringsystemsprovidesomewarning,buthikersfacemoretrailclosuresandmustremainalarmed.Maintenancecostsarerocketing.TheSwissAlpineClub(SAC)spends$8.8millionannuallyonrepairs,butadmits“thefundswillnotbeenough.”Thelocalgovernmentstruggleswithlimitedbudgets.TheAustrianAlpineAssociationsought$100millioningovernmentaidin2024—theyreceivedonly$3million.SotheSACiscallingforurgentactionandanewfinancialmodelforhutconstruction.“Climatechangeisforcingustorethinkourconcepts,”theSACHuts2050reportreads.“Ourhutsneedtobeadaptedsothattheyremainsafeandattractiveinthefuture.Thisisnotjustaboutstructuralsafety,butalsoaboutcontinuingtomakemountainsportspossibleunderchangingconditions.”12．WhywerehutsmassivelybuiltintheAlps?A．Toaccommodatelocalstaff. B．Tomarkthefirstmajorpeaks.C．Tosatisfyadventurers’needs. D．Toserveassheltersforalpineclubs.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crumbling”meaninparagraph2?A．Drying. B．Breaking. C．Freezing. D．Stabilizing.14．Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebylistingdatainparagraph4?A．Thetroubleinmaintaininghuts. B．Thestruggleforgovernmentaid.C．Theurgencyofbuildingnewhuts. D．Thenecessityoffinancialbudgets.15．WhatdoestheSACHuts2050reportsuggest?A．Acarefulplantomakehutsattractive.B．Possibledirectionforhutadaptation.C．Apracticalsolutiontoensurehutsafety.D．Constantreflectiononclimatechange.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We’veengineeredourlivestobefrictionlessoreffortless,fromone-tapgrocerydeliverytoAIassistantsthatdraftouremails.___16___Actually,struggles,frustrationsandthingsliketheseinourlifecanbegoodthings.They’rebuildingsomethingimportant.Here’swhyweneedfrictioninourlife.Strugglebuildsresilience(韧性).NoamountofAIorconveniencecaneliminatefailure,heartbreakordisappointmentfromlife.Whatprotectsusinlifeisn’tavoidingpainorfailure,butknowing,fromexperience,thatwecansurviveit.Resilienceisn’tsomethingyoudownloadorautomate.___17___Skipthoseexperiences,andyouneverdeveloptheresilienceforthereallyhardstuff.Inconveniencestrengthensmemory.___18___Wetendtoforgetfactsmoreeasilywhentheyarenotstoredalongwithanemotionalmemory.Thisexplainswhyyourecalleverydetailofthatepicroadtripwhereeverythingwentwrong,butbarelyrememberlastyear’sperfectlyorganizedvacation.___19___Itisessentialforconnection.Somefrictioninarelationship—likeadisagreementweneedtonegotiate—iswhatdevelopstheconnection.Andrememberbeingboredasakid?Actually,boredomisthenurseryoforiginality.Ifweconstantlyfilleachmomentarygapwithscrolling(滚屏),weneverallowourmindstoenterthequiettimewherenewideasoccur.So,choosetostayengagedwithourownlife,evenwhenthere’saneasierwayout.Let’stakethismessagetoheart:___20___A．Frictioniswherethelivinghappens.B．AIdoesn’tjustassistustosavetime.C．Problem-solvingtrainsyourreasoningability.D．Paindeepensrelationshipsandstimulatescreativity.E．It’ssomethingthebrainearnsthroughlivedexperiences.F．Withoutemotionalprocessing,wecan’trememberthingswell.G．Butexpertssayallthatconveniencemightbemakingusworseoff.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Michellewasamasteratmakingfriends.Imetheratasummerprogramme,whereshewarmlyinvitedmetoherhomeforlunch.Ibarelyknewher,buther________wonmeover.Atherhome,wechattedmerrilyand________immediately.IgottoknowherhusbandwasintheNavy,andhisjobbroughtmany________.Somovingwasherwayoflife,butshe________thechallenge.Thenextday,she________weheadoutforgroceriestogetherwithherotherfriends.Iagreed.Thateveningwas________.Itwasfuntomeetsomeonenewanddifferent.ThemoreIknewMichelle,themorenewpeopleImet.ThenonedayMichelletoldmeshewas________.Iwenttoherhomeandfoundit________withcardboardboxes.Ihelpedherpack,feelingasifIwerepackingmyownheart.Onthemovingday,Iwatchedhertruckdisappear,________washingoverme.Dayslater,whileoutsidewithmyboysIsawayoungmotherwithtwoboyswalkingby.ThinkingofMichelle’swarmth,Icalledmysonsto________them.Mysonsracedforward,filledwiththe________ofnewfriends.Imovedforward,too,________thatdesireinmyownheart.Thatyoungmotherbecameaclosefriend.NowIevenbeginto________,strikingupconversationswithpeopleofallkinds.IstillmissMichelle.Althoughaway,shehasleftmethebestparting________—theabilitytoseethebeautyin________people.21．A．patience B．wisdom C．courage D．sincerity22．A．clicked B．argued C．parted D．acted23．A．adventures B．troubles C．methods D．transfers24．A．feared B．tackled C．rejected D．launched25．A．decided B．ordered C．suggested D．required26．A．ordinary B．boring C．delightful D．peaceful27．A．staying B．retiring C．returning D．moving28．A．decorated B．surrounded C．stuffed D．matched29．A．sadness B．embarrassment C．excitement D．confusion30．A．greet B．disturb C．warn D．persuade31．A．doubt B．refusal C．hesitation D．anticipation32．A．hiding B．recognizing C．explaining D．controlling33．A．givein B．settledown C．openup D．lookback34．A．luck B．gift C．hug D．choice35．A．different B．quiet C．special D．familiar第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“BesiegeWeitoRescueZhao”isoneoftheancientChinesemilitarystrategiesknownastheThirty-SixStrategies.ThenamecomesfromahistoricalincidentduringtheWarringStatesperiodofancientChina,____36____(involve)thestatesofWeiandZhao.WhenZhao____37____(face)anattackbyWei,thestateofQiemployedthisstrategybylaunchinganattackonWei,thusforcingthemtowithdrawfromZhaotodefendtheirownterritory.Thecoreofthisstrategymeanscreatingasituation____38____theopponentisforcedtomakeadifficultdecision,oftenabandoningtheiroffensiveposition____39____(address)amorepressingthreat.Itdrawsontheelementofsurprise____40____thepsychologicalimpactofattackinganunexpectedtarget.Byshiftingthebattleground____41____aweakerarea,thestrategynotonlyinterruptstheenemy’splansbutalsogainsatactical(战略的)advantagewithoutengagingindirectcombat.Incontemporarysettings,theprinciplesof“BesiegeWeitoRescueZhao”____42____(adapt)foruseinvariousnon-militaryfields.Inbusiness,companiesapplythisstrategybylaunchingattacksonarival’sweakermarketsorproductstoforceastrategic____43____(withdraw).Similarly,insports,teamsmakefulluseofanopponent’sdefensivemistakestogaina____44____(compete)advantage.Thisstrategyprovides_____45_____valuableframeworkforaddressingchallengesindiversecontexts.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46．假定你是李华，你的家乡正在举办农产品展销会以助力乡村发展。请你给外教Smith先生写一封邮件，邀请他前来参观体验。内容包括：1．发出邀请；2．介绍展销会；3．表达期待。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Smith,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Padwasafarmer.HerhusbandRamewasaretiredgovernmentofficerandpart-timefarmer.TheylivedinasmalltowninIndia.NeitherPadnorRamewaslarge.Buteachone’saveragesizeandbuildgaveafalseimpressionofafarmer’sstrength,whichcamefromworkingthefields.OnamistyFebruarymorningin2025,theymadetheirwayacrosstheirplotofland,wheretheywereharvestingblackpepper.Soon,RamewasclimbingatthetopofaMexicanlilactree,whichwasclosetothefamilywell.Hepickedpeppersfromthevinesthatwoundarounditstrunk,whilePadworkednearby.Thenasharpcrackingsoundpierced(划破)thequietmorning.ThebranchbeneathRamebroke,andhelosthisbalance.Hefellintothe40-footwellbelow,strikinghisheadandbackagainstthewallonthewaydown.Padheardthecrash,thentheterrifyingsplash(落水声).Sherushedtothewellandlookeddownintothedarkness.Shecalledherhusband’sname.Hisfaintvoiceechoedback—hewasallright.Sheimmediatelyfoundaropeandlowereditintothewellforhimtoclimbbackup.Forafewseconds,shewaitedforaresponse.Thenhecriedout,“Ican’t.I’mtooweak,andmylegishurt.”Padwentintorescuemode.Shegrabbedthethickropeattachedtothewell’spulleysystem(滑轮系统).Asshetiedoneendoftheropetoanearbytree,shecalledthefiredepartment.Aftertyingtheotherendoftheropearoundherwaist,Padwalkedontothelipofthewellandclimbeddown.Themoss-coveredwallwasslippery,andherfeetkeptslidingoff.Meanwhile,theropewascuttingintoherhands,leavingherpalmsbloody.Midwaydown,Padhadtolandonarockstretchingoutfromthewell.Shelookeddownintothedarkness,hopingtocatchsightofRame.Butshecouldn’tseeorhearanything.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Withnotimetothink,Padjumpedintothedark,coldwater.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thecouplewerefinallyrescuedfromthewellwiththefirefighters’help.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．D2．C3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍研讨会的定义、三种常见类型及其适用场景、流程，以及举办研讨会的最佳实践要点。1．细节理解题。根据Whataworkshopis部分中的“Aworkshopisastructuredandinteractivesessiondesignedtoengageparticipantsandfostertheiractiveinvolvementintheprocess.(研讨会是一种有组织、互动性的会议，旨在吸引参与者并促进他们积极参与过程。)”可知，参与者需要积极参与合作任务。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据Workshopexamples表格中Retrospective一栏的“WhentoUse”部分“Youfinishaweek-longeventoralongerproject.(当你结束了为期一周的活动或更长的项目时。)”以及KeyOutcomes部分“Teamgrowthandbetterpreparationfornextprojects.(团队成长并为下一个项目做好更充分的准备。)”可知，完成项目后想要总结经验应选择Retrospective。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据Workshopbestpractices部分中的“Workshopstendtoworkbestwithsmallgroupsofpeople(8-15)whoareinvestedinthetopicofthesessionandhaveinsightsthatcanhelpwiththecooperativework.(研讨会在人数较少的小组（8-15人）中效果最好，这些人关注会议主题并有有助于合作工作的见解。)”可知，将参与者限制在小组范围内是最佳实践之一。故选D项。4．A5．C6．D7．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。马丁内斯的学位是人类学和心理学，但是在一次南非游学经历中她对海洋生物学产生了深深的兴趣，这引导了她的职业道路，她的跨学科背景也非常有利于她的学术研究。4．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句““Allofasudden,shebringsup,”Martinezrecalls.“Thenawavecomes,soallshepukes(呕吐)justlandsonme.”(“突然之间，她就吐了。”马丁内斯回忆道。“这时涌来一阵海浪，把她吐出的东西全都拍到了我身上。”)”可知，马丁内斯在南非游学的时候，有人吐在了她身上。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据第四段最后四句“Butherdadactuallygotteary-eyedwhenshetoldthem.Heexplainedthathehadwantedtostudymarinebiology,too.“Itfeltlikethisfull-circlemoment,”shesays.“MydadlefteverythingbehindsoIcoulddowhatIlove.”(但当她把这件事告诉父亲时，父亲竟落泪了。他解释说，自己也曾想学习海洋生物学。“那一刻感觉真是圆满了，”她说，“父亲放弃了一切，只为让我能做自己热爱的事情。”)”可知，马丁内斯的父亲的反应表明他被她的这一决定深深打动了。故选C。6．推理判断题。根据第五段前四句“Martinez’sdegreesareinanthropologyandpsychology,notmarinebiology.Butthesebackgroundshaveshapedherasascientist.Anthropologyallowshertoconsiderculturaldifferences.Psychologyhelpsherunderstandhowpeoplereceiveinformation.(马丁内斯的学位是人类学和心理学，而非海洋生物学。但这些背景经历塑造了她作为科学家的特质。人类学使她能够考虑文化差异。心理学则帮助她理解人们获取信息的方式。)”可知，作者在第五段中提到捕蛤者这一群体是为了表明跨学科知识的成效。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据第一段“HeidyMartinezneverdreamtofstudyingsharks.ThatchangedduringastudyabroadtripinSouthAfricaincollege.Shewentcagedivingwithclassmates—viewingsharksunderwaterwhileinsideaprotectivecage.Martinezwasmostlytherefortheexcitement.(海蒂·马丁内斯从未想过要研究鲨鱼。但在大学期间的一次南非留学之旅中，这一切都发生了改变。她和同学们一起进行了潜水活动——在有防护罩的笼子里观察水下的鲨鱼。马丁内斯去那里主要是为了寻求刺激。)”和最后一段最后两句“Manyscientiststrytolecturethefishermenabouthowsharksdon’tregularlyattackdivers.ButstudyingpsychologytaughtMartinezthatifyouwantpeopletolistentoyou,youhavetolistentothemfirst.(许多科学家试图向渔民们宣讲鲨鱼并不会经常袭击潜水者这一事实。但通过心理学的学习，马丁内斯明白，要想让别人听你说话，你首先得先倾听他们的想法。)”可知，马丁内斯因为一次经历对海洋生物学产生了深深的兴趣，她的跨学科知识也让她的职业道路非常顺利，这说明找到我们感兴趣的事物会引导我们的职业道路。故选C。8．D9．B10．C11．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员利用真菌和细菌研发出一种可自我生长、自我修复的新型活体建筑材料的相关研究过程、优势及应用前景。8．细节理解题。根据第三段“Manystrong,mineralisedstructuresexistinlivingorganisms—suchasboneandcoral.Drivenbythis,ChelseaHeveranatMontanaStateUniversityandhercolleaguestestedwhetherasimilarmineralisedstructurecouldbecreatedaroundascaffoldoffungalmycelium,whichisanetworkofmicroscopic,branchingsubstanceslikethinthreadsthatmakeuppartofmostfungi.(生物体内存在许多坚固的矿化结构，如骨骼和珊瑚，受此启发，蒙大拿州立大学的ChelseaHeveran及其同事开展了相关测试，探究是否可以在真菌菌丝体支架周围构建出类似的矿化结构，真菌菌丝体是一种由微观分支物质构成的网络，这些物质如同细线，是大多数真菌的组成部分。)”可知，是生物体内矿化结构的存在启发了Heveran团队开展这项实验。故选D。9．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Heveranandherteamgrewamyceliumscaffoldusingaspeciesoffungus,thenappliedthebacteriumSporosarcinapasteuriitothescaffold.Asthefungusandbacteriatransformedureaintheirgrowthmedium,theyformedahardenedstructurecomposedofcalciumcarbonate,thesamecompoundfoundineggshellsandseashells.(Heveran和她的团队用一种真菌培育出菌丝体支架，然后将Sporosarcinapasteurii细菌施加到支架上。随着真菌和细菌转化生长培养基中的尿素，它们形成了由碳酸钙构成的硬化结构，这种化合物同样存在于蛋壳和贝壳中。)”可知，本段主要介绍了实验的操作过程。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Otherlivingmaterialscreatedinthelabhaveonlystayedaliveforafewdays,butthestructuredevelopedbyHeveranandhercolleaguesforatleastamonth.(实验室中制造的其他活体材料仅能存活数天，但Heveran和她的同事研发的结构至少能存活一个月。)”可知，该材料的优势是存活时间更长。故选C。11．主旨大