英语转述句重点讲解与习题集

英语转述句重点讲解与习题集在英语的日常交流与书面表达中，我们常常需要将他人的话语或自己的想法以间接的方式传递给第三方。这就涉及到了转述句（ReportedSpeech/IndirectSpeech）的运用。掌握转述句的规则，不仅能让你的语言表达更加灵活自然，也是提升英语综合运用能力的重要一环。本文将深入剖析转述句的核心要点，并辅以针对性练习，助你彻底攻克这一语法难关。一、什么是转述句？简单来说，转述句就是用自己的话把别人说过的话或表达的意思重新表述出来。与直接引语（DirectSpeech）将他人话语原封不动地放在引号内不同，转述句需要根据语境和时态等因素进行相应的调整。例如：二、转述句的构成核心：引导词与语序转述句通常由一个主句（报告动词+主语）和一个宾语从句构成。1.引导词（ReportingVerbs）：*"say"后面可以直接跟宾语从句，也可以不跟具体对象；"tell"后面通常需要跟宾语（告诉的对象），再接宾语从句。*Shetoldme(that)shelikedreading.2.连接词（Conjunctions）：*转述陈述句时，宾语从句通常由that引导，that在口语中常被省略。*转述一般疑问句时，宾语从句由if或whether引导。*转述特殊疑问句时，宾语从句由原来的特殊疑问词（what,who,when,where,why,how等）引导。3.语序：*无论直接引语是何种句式，转为间接引语后，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）。*Direct:"Whereisthepostoffice?"sheasked.*Indirect:Sheaskedwherethepostofficewas.(而非wherewasthepostoffice)三、转述时的关键变化将直接引语转为间接引语，并非简单地去除引号，还需要根据主句的时态和具体语境，对宾语从句中的时态、人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行相应调整。这是掌握转述句的核心难点。3.1时态的呼应(SequenceofTenses)*一般现在时→一般过去时*现在进行时→过去进行时*现在完成时→过去完成时*一般过去时→过去完成时(若强调动作发生在主句动作之前)**注意：*如果直接引语中是有明确时间状语的一般过去时，且该动作与主句动作的先后关系清晰，有时也可保留一般过去时，尤其是在口语中。但保险起见，遵循“倒退”原则更稳妥。*一般将来时→过去将来时(would/was/weregoingto)重要例外：*如果直接引语表达的是客观真理、永恒不变的事实、习惯性动作，或者说话时仍有效的信息，那么在转述时，宾语从句的时态可以保持不变，无需“倒退”。*Hetoldme,"Iloveswimming."→Hetoldme(that)helovesswimming.(习惯性动作，现在仍适用)*当主句的报告动词是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时时，宾语从句的时态通常保持不变。*Hesays,"Iambusynow."→Hesays(that)heisbusynow.*Shehastoldme,"Iwillhelpyou."→Shehastoldme(that)shewillhelpme.3.2人称代词、物主代词及指示代词的变化这部分变化主要依据转述者的视角和语境来调整，使其符合逻辑。*人称代词：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。*"I"→根据主句主语变(he/she/they等)*"you"→根据主句宾语变(me/him/her/them等)或根据语境调整。*"he/she/it/they"→通常不变，除非指代不明确。*Indirect:TomtoldMary(that)hewouldgiveherhisbook.*物主代词：my→his/her/their;your→my/his/her/their;his/her/its/their→通常不变。*指示代词：*this→that*these→those3.3时间状语的变化直接引语中的时间状语转述句中的时间状语(通常情况下):-------------------:------------------------------nowthen/atthattimetodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaytomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaytonightthatnightthismorning/afternoon/eveningthatmorning/afternoon/eveninglastweek/month/yeartheweek/month/yearbefore/thepreviousweek/month/yearnextweek/month/yearthenextweek/month/year/thefollowingweek/month/yearagobefore3.4地点状语的变化*here→there(但也要根据实际情况，如果转述时地点未变，here也可保留)*Indirect:Heaskedmetogothere.3.5动词和副词的变化*bring→take四、不同类型直接引语的转述方法4.1陈述句的转述通常由"say(that)..."或"tellsb.(that)..."引导。that可省略。*Direct:"Wehavefinishedourwork,"theytoldus.*Indirect:Theytoldus(that)theyhadfinishedtheirwork.4.2疑问句的转述4.2.1一般疑问句(Yes/NoQuestions)通常由"askif/whether..."引导，宾语从句用陈述语序。*Direct:"Doyoulikecoffee?"sheaskedme.*Indirect:Sheaskedmeif/whetherIlikedcoffee.*Direct:"Hashearrived?"theywondered.*Indirect:Theywonderedif/whetherhehadarrived.4.2.2特殊疑问句(Wh-Questions)由原来的特殊疑问词(what,who,when,where,why,how,howmany,howmuch等)引导，宾语从句用陈述语序。*Direct:"Wheredoyoulive?"heaskedher.*Indirect:Heaskedherwhereshelived.*Direct:"Whydidyoudothat?"MaryaskedTom.*Indirect:MaryaskedTomwhyhehaddonethat.4.3祈使句的转述祈使句表示命令、请求、建议等，转述时通常使用"tell/ask/order/advise/warnsb.(not)todosth."的结构。*肯定祈使句："动词原形..."→tell/ask/ordersb.todosth.*Indirect:Sheaskedmetoopenthedoor.*Indirect:Theteacherorderedthestudentstobequiet.*否定祈使句："Don't+动词原形..."→tell/ask/ordersb.nottodosth.*Direct:"Don'tsmokehere,"thesignsays.*Indirect:Thesigntellspeoplenottosmokethere.*Direct:"Don'tworryaboutme,"shetoldhim.*Indirect:Shetoldhimnottoworryabouther.4.4感叹句的转述五、转述句习题集练习一：将下列直接引语转换为间接引语(陈述句)2.Marytoldme,"IhavevisitedParistwice."3.Theteachersays,"Allstudentsmustfinishtheirhomeworkontime."5.Myfathertoldme,"Thesunrisesintheeast."练习二：将下列直接引语转换为间接引语(疑问句)1.SheaskedTom,"Doyouknowtheanswer?"2."Whereisthenearestbank?"thestrangeraskedme.3.Hewondered,"Hasshereceivedmyletter?"练习三：将下列直接引语转换为间接引语(祈使句)2."Don'ttouchthatbutton,"theengineerwarnedus.4.Thebossordered,"FinishthisreportbyFriday."5."Becarefulwiththeglass,"shetoldhim.练习四：混合练习(包含不同句式)1."Icanspeakthreelanguages,"shetoldusproudly.2."Whydidn'tyoucallme?"Johnaskedhisgirlfriend.4."Whatawonderfulperformance!"theaudienceshouted.六、习题答案与解析练习一答案：2.Marytoldme(that)shehadvisitedParistwice.(解析：主句told为过去时，Ihavevisited→shehadvisited)3.Theteachersays(that)allstudentsmustfinishtheirhomeworkontime.(解析：主句says为现在时，从句时态不变)5.Myfathertoldme(that)thesunrisesintheeast.(解析：客观真理，从句时态不变)练习二答案：1.SheaskedTomif/whetherheknewtheanswer.(解析：一般疑问句，用if/whether引导，youknow→heknew，陈述语序)2.Thestrangeraskedmewherethenearestbankwas.(解析：特殊疑问句where引导，isthenearestbank→thenearestbankwas，陈述语序)3.Hewonderedif/whethershehadreceivedhisletter.(解析：现在完成时的一般疑问句，用if/whether引导，hasshereceived→shehadreceived)练习三答案：1.Themothertoldherchildtocleanhis/herroom.(解析：肯定祈使句，tellsb.todosth.)2.Theengineerwarnedusnottotouchthatbutton.(解析：否定祈使句，warnsb.nottodosth.)3.Heaskedmetopasshimthesalt.(解析：肯定祈使句表请求，asksb.todosth.)4.Thebossordered(them)tofinishthatreportbyFriday.(解析：肯定祈使句表命令，ordersb.todosth.，us可根据语境补出或省略)5.Shetoldhimtobecareful