中国文化读写专项：京剧脸谱+中国魔术- 2024年高考英语常考中国文化读写专练+素材积累

ChapterVIChineseArt中国艺术

Lesson1PekingOperaanditsFacialDesign

京剧和脸谱

Originallyaformoflocaltheatre,PekingOperaspreadalloverthecountryandthenbecame

ihenationaloperaofChina.About200yearsago,theQingEmperorQianlon^touredinsouthern

Chinaanddevelopedaninterestinthelocaloperas.Onhis80thbirthday,heletlocalopera

troupescometoBeijingtoperformforhim.SomeremainedinBeijingafterthecelebration.The

onesfromAnhuiandHubciwerecombinedwiththepalaceopera-KunquOpera,whichformed

thePekingOpera.PekingOperacombinesstylizedactingwithsinging,dancing,musicaldialogues,martialarts,

colorfulfacialmake-upandfantasticcostumes.

Malerolesarc“ShenR”,andclownsarc"Chou”.Eachrole,accordingtotheirsex,<igcanddisposition,is

characterizedbydifferentdesignsoffacialmake-up,say,Jingrepresentingarough,

frankcharacterandHuaFacerepresentingacruelordangerouscharacter.So(he

audiencecaneasilytellwhatkindotcharacteranactorisperforming.Facialmake-up,

costumesandhead-dressesarewonderfulworksoftraditionalart.

Inthepast,bothDanandShengroleswereplayedbymaleactors,butnowthey

alsocanbeplayedbyfemale.ItisnecessarytoseePekingOperawhileyouarcin

China,justasseeinganoperawhileinItaly.Therearealsosomeothertypesofopera

stagedinChina,suchasKunquOpera,PingjuOperaandHebeiBangziaswellasotheroperasfromdifferent

places.

Chineseoperaperformersmainlyhavetwomethodsofmakeup:masksandfacialpainting.Thefrequent

on-stagechangeofmasks,withouttheaudiencenoticing,isaspecialtechnique,knownaschangingfaces.Opera

facialpaintingfallsintofourmaincategories—personalitymakeup(facialdesigns,paintedfacesorLian

decorativemakeup(decoratedfaces),moodmakeup(changingfacialdesigns),andpictographicmakeup

(animal-likefacialdesigns).

LianPu

Personalitymakeup,orLianPu,referstofacialdesignsforJingandChouroles.It

originatedfromdailylifeexperience,describingsuchchangesofexpressionaswhiteforfear,red

forshyness,darkforsuntan,andsallowforillness.Mostfacialdesignsattachgreatimportanceto

theeyesandeyebrows.LianPuhasformedacompletesystem,suchasthefacialdesignsofPeking

Opera.

Red,yellow,white,black,purple,greenandsilverarethemaincolorsusedforfacialdesignsto

representdifferentcharacters.Forinstance,redstandsforloyal,courageousanduprightpeople;whiteforsinister

andcunningofficials;andgoldenandsilverycolorsforgodsandghosts.

Thefacialdesignsfor(heJingrolesaremadebypainting,powderingandcoloringinthe

basicformsofZhengLian(keepingthebasicfacepattern整脸)，SanKuaiWaLian(three-section

face三块瓦脸)andSuiLian(fragmentaryface碎脸).Thesetypesarcwidelyusedtorepresent

generals,officials,heroes,godsandghosts.

TheChouactorscanberecognizedbythepatchofwhiteinvariousshapes(cube-,datepit-or

bat-shaped)paintedaroundtheeyesandnose.Sometimesthesepatchesarcoutlinedinblack,hence

(hetermXiaoHuaLian(partlypaintedface).TheChourolesfallintothefollowingtwocategories:

WenChou(civil)andWuChou(martial).(551words)

♦Helper:

troupe(tru:pj剧团，戏班子costume[*kosyu:m]戏装，演出服clown(klaun]丑角，小丑dispositiondispa'zi/n)性

情，性格pictographic[,piktd'graefik]象形文字的sunian('SAntaen]晒黑sallow['ssebu](尤指面色)蜡黄色的

attachgreatimportancetoeyebrow['albrauz]眉毛cunning['kAnig]狡猾的，奸诈的ghost[gsust]鬼，幽灵powder

['pauda]涂粉

♦ChineseBriefIntroduction:

京剧本来是一种地方性的戏剧表演形式，由于它传遍中国大江南北，深受群众欢迎与喜爱，所以就慢

慢演变成了代表中国艺术特色的全国性戏剧。京剧表演融合了唱、念、作、打等多种艺术表现形式，辅以

五彩缤纷的服装道具以及化妆。在京剧中，女性的角色被称做“旦”，男性的角色被称做“生”，小丑被称做“丑

每个角色都会依照他们的性别、年龄及个性，在脸上画不同的脸谱，脸谱对于不同的行当，情况不一「生”、

“旦”面部化妆简单，略施脂粉，叫“俊扮”、嗦面”、“洁面”。而“净行”与“丑行”面部绘画比较复杂，特别是“净”,

都是重施油彩的，图案复杂，因此称“花脸”。戏曲中的脸谱，主要指“净”的面部绘画。而“丑”，因起扮演戏

剧角色，故在鼻梁上抹一小块白粉，俗称“小花脸这样，观众可以很容易地分清这些演员所扮员的角色是

什么样的性格。脸谱来源于生活，生活上常常形容人的脸色的变化，比如说：吓得煞白，臊得通红，晒得

漆黑，生病的人形容脸色蜡黄等笔。脸谱就是把这种夸张的说法，再用夸张的手法画在脸上。化妆、服饰、

行头一这些都是令人称奇的艺术品。在过去，京剧中的角色只能由男性扮演，而现在，无论是男人还是女

人，都可以登台演出了。

♦Exercise:

I.Questions:

1.HowdidPekingOperacomeintobeing?

2.Whatdoes(heactingofPekingOperainclude?

3.WhywastherenoactresstoplayShengrolesinthepast?

4.WhichfourmaincategoriescanOperafacialpaintingbedividedinto?

5.Howcantheaudiencetellwhatkindofcharacteranactorisperforming?

6.HowcanyourecognizeaChuorcle?

II.Matchthefollowingpictureswiththeirnames:

A.ChouD.DanC.MoD.ShengE.Jing

⑴⑵(3)(4)(5)

III.Writtenwork

1.对于在中小学增加京剧为必修内容，大家反应不一，学校英语杂志社组织了一次征文活动。假设你是五

班的一名学生，下面是同学们在讨论中的两种不同看法。请你月英语写一篇应征稿刊：将同学们的意见反

映出来，并表达自己的看法。

赞成反对

1.历史悠久，传统文化含量1.学生应有一些自主选择学习内容

高，有助于弘扬中国文化。的自由，强制实行会损坏；他们的

2.是多种艺术的综合，表现学习兴趣。

形式高雅，有助于发展审美2.中国传统戏剧品种多样，各地地

能力。方传统戏同样可用来传递传统文

化。

你的看法（至少两条）

注意：

1.字数：150左右。文章的开头已给出，不记入总词数。

2.参考词汇：…的综合:asynthesisof；审美能力:aestheticability

Deareditor,

Recently.MinistryofEducationhasannouncedtoaddPekingOperaasacompulsorycourseinprimaryand

secondai-yschools.Myclassmatesheldadiscussiononittheotherday.

Accordingtothediscussion,therearetwodifferentopinions.

Yourssincerely,

AsludenlfromClass5

2.（2012年天津卷）假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别

是戏曲文化。8月5口下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提

示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。

所提出邀请并简述原因；

口提出观剧后活动建议（如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等）；

所请求对方回复。

注意：

1.请使用规范英语•，词数不少于100；

2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词：越剧ShaoxingOpera；《梁山伯与祝英台》ButterflyLovers；天津大剧院TianjinGrandTheater

DearChris,

Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.

Yours,

LiJin

Lesson2MagicalWorld魔术世界

Magicgoesagainsttherulesofnatureandphysics.Duringthe2009CCTV

SpringFestivalgala,magicianLiuQianmanagedtodropacoinintoaglassplaced

upsidedownandtransformedafingerringintoanunbrokenegg,undertheclose

andwatchfuleyesotthestudioaudience,leavingtensotthousandsotviewers

puzzledbyhisshowmanship.

Themind-blowingperformancehassetoffanenthusiasmofmagicalloverthecountry.However,people

seldomknowthatmorethan3600yearsago,thehistoryofmagicinChinawasalreadyunderway.

InChina,magicgoesbackmanyyearsandhasdevelopedfromsuperstitiouswizardryintoatechnologically

inspired,sophisticatedartform.

AncientChinesemagicmadeitsappearanceasearlyas1600BC,andwascloselyassociatedw:thdivination

andwizardry,accordingtoBiographiesofExemplaryWomen(LieNuZhuan)byLiuXiang,thewell-known

historianofCheHanDynasty(206BC-AD220).

In108BC,LiuChe,emperoroftheWesternHanDynasty,gatheredmorethanahundredacrobatsand

magiciansintheimperialpalaceandhostedthebiggestmagicshowinhistory.ZhangHeng'sWesternMetropolis

Rhapsody(XiJingFu西京赋)recordsthatDukeHuangoftheEasternSea(Donghai

Huanggong),ashowmanandmagician,didknife-swallowingandfire-spittingshowsat

thisgathering.

MagiccontinuedtothriveintheTangDynasty(AD618-907)andbegantobranch

offintoseparatefieldsintheSongDynasty(960-1279).SometraditionalChinesetricks

suchas"ImmortalPlantsBean"and"AncientColorTrick"markedthestartof

internationalrecognitionforChinesemagic.

InthelateQingDynasty(1644-1911),thereweremanyculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandtheWest.The

firstgenerationofmodernChinesemagicianslikeChingLingFoo(ZhuLiankui),HanPingchienancMuWenqing

wentabroadtoperformandalsolearnedtoincorporateforeignstuntsintotraditionaltricks.

Thelatergenerationofmagicpractitioners,headedbyZhangHuichong,furtheredthehybridformofmagic

actsbyinfusingtraditionalChinesemagicintoWestern-styleillusionacts.

AfterChina'sreformandopening-upinthelate1970s,magiciansfromabroadbeganvisitingChinamore

frequently.In1980,MarcWilsonfromtheUnitedStatesbecamethefirstmagiciantoperformontheChinese

mainlandsincethefoundingofNewChinain1949.In2002,DavidCopperfieldcausedastirwithhisperformances

ofwalkingthroughtheGreatWall.

Andnow,LiuQianhascreatedahitwithhisremarkableclose-upperformancesandexposedChinese

audiencestoanew,refreshinganddelightfulartform.(416words)

♦Helper：

showmanship|'foumonfip］表演技巧mind-blowing引起幻觉的underway正在进行中的superstitious

［.su：pSstiJas］迷信的wizardry('wizodri］魔术，巫术sophisticated［sa'fistikeind］复杂的,久经世故的

divination［.divi'neifn］占卜，预测acrobatfaekrabaet］杂技演员immortal［I'mo:tl］不朽的

incorporate［In'ko:pareit|合并的stunt［stAnt］特技

♦introduction：

中国是魔术的发源地之一。魔术也是我国对外文化交流活动中开展得最早的领域之一，东汉张衡的《西

京赋》记载了来自西域的魔术师“吞刀吐火''等魔术节目。清代中叶以后，中国艺人一部分飘零海外，欧美和

日本的魔术团体也不断来华演出，促进了中外魔术的交流，中国魔术师们在保持自己魔术的传统习惯的基

础上，吸收了大量的外国魔术的表演形式、内容、技巧，逐渐形成了中国魔术舞台上今天这样五花八门的

节目。刘谦在201()年春晚上的魔术表演更是震撼了全国观众，掀起全国的魔术热潮。

♦Exercises：

I.Questions:

1.HowlongisitsincemagicinChinaappeared?

2.WhendidmagiciansfromabroadbeginvisitingChinamoreoften?

3.Whowasitthatwroteabookrecordingknife-swallowingandfire-spittingshows?

II.Writtenwork

简介著名魔术师，1976年出生于台湾。7岁时开始对魔术感兴趣，12

岁荣获“全台湾儿童魔术大赛冠军2010年春晚表演使他成为中

国内地最热魔术师。

成就表演深受让人欢迎，曾到美国、日本、韩国、英国等演出。

爱好他善于和观众互动、创造性地进行思考；认为使魔术成功的原因

是思想而非操作能力。

刘谦在2018湖南卫视春晚魔

术《魔壶》继2010中央电视台年春晚上的手穿玻璃取硬币，又一次震撼了电视观众，使他再次成为中国内

地最热的魔术师。请你根据下表提示，用英语对刘谦做一简单介绍，写一篇120-150词的英语作文。

SuggestedAnswerstoChapterVI

1.PekingOperaanditsFacialDesign

II.Matchthefollowingpictureswiththeirnames:

(DD(2)B(3)E(4)C(5)A

III.Writtenwork

1.Recently,MinistryotEducationhasannounced(oaddPekingOperaasacompulsorycourseinprimaryand

secondaryschools.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit.Myclassmatesheldadiscussiononittheother

day.

Accordingtothediscussion,therearctwodifferentopinions.Somestudentssupporttheproject

wholeheartedly.TheythinkPekingOperacanhelppromoteChineseculturebecauseithasalonghistoryandisrich

intraditionalculture.Besides,PekingOperaisasynthesisofdifferentartsandhasanelegantformofexpression,

whichcanhelpdevelopstudents'aestheticability.

Othersholdadifferentopinion.Theythinkstudentsshouldhavesomefreedomtochoosewhattolearn.Ifthey

areforcedtoleam,theirlearninginterestcanbedamaged.Theyalsoarguethattherearemanylocaloperasallover

China.Differentlocaloperascanbe(aughtindifferentareastopassdownChinesetraditionalculture.

Isharetheviewofthesecondgroup.Besidestheirreasons,Ialsoworrywhetherthereareenoughqualified

teachersforthetask.Inaddition,wehavesomanytraditionalartsinhistorythatit'simpossibletolearnthemallin

classroom.

2.DearChris,

Ihavegoodnewstoteliyou.AShaoxingOperanamedButterflyLoverswillbeonshowinTianjinGrand

Theater,whichwasjustcompleted,at2:00p.m.onAugust5th.ItisbecauseIknowyoulikethecultureofChina,

especiallydrama,thatIwouldliketoinviteyoutoadmireit.

Asweallknow,ButterflyLoversisatradition