人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT3Section IV含答案

SectionFVAssessingYourProgress&VideoTime

［基础测评］

I.根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词

1.Thousandsofpeoplewillsiarve（饿死）iffooddoesn'treachthecityon

time.

2.Wearebeingcautiousaboutreleasing（发布）oneofthephotos.

3.Therecruitmentpreventedthedownwardtrend（趋势）inthe

unemploymentrateofthearea.

4.Thehostseized（抓住）myhandandshookitheartily.

5.Theirharmonious（和谐的）relationshipresultedfromtheirsimilar

goals.

6.Teachersmustbesensitive（敏感的）totheirstudents,needs.

7.Wesincerelyhopethatyouwillsoonberestored（恢复）tohealth.

8.Theregulations（规章第I］度）aremadetoprotectwomen'sandchildren's

rightsandinterests.

9.Thegovernmenthaslaunchedacamnaign（运动）againstsmoking.

1（）.Idon'tknowhowyouhavetolerated（忍受）thatnoise.

用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空

onbehalfof,dozensof,haveanimpacton,amountsof,betrappedin,

resultin,seizeeveryopportunity,inresponseto,

beresponsiblefor,bringabout_________________

1.Thedestructionofforestshasbroughlaboulenvironmentaldamage.

2.Dozensofsoldiershavebeenworkingdayandnightformonths.

3.Distractionwhendrivingoftenresullsindisastrousaccidents.

4.OnbehalfofeveryonehereIwanttothankyouforyourhelp.

5.Itwassometimebeforethedooropenedinresponsetohisknocks.

6.Onethousandpeoplewere〔rappedinthedamagedbuilding,mostof

whomweresavedintheend.

7.Thedryweatherishavingarimpactonagriculture,whichislikelyto

causesomefoodpricestorise.

8.Ateacherisresponsiblefortheconductofpupilsintheclassroom.

9.Therearestoriesabouthisgenerosity,themassiveamountsofmoney

hegavetocharities.

1().TheCanadiangirlhasseizedeveryopportunitytopractiseher

Chinese.

III.句式仿写

1.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.

句式:Thereislittle/nodoubtthat...

仿写:毫无疑问，爰好深刻地影响着人们的生活。

ThereisnodoublIhalhobbieshaveagrealinfluenceonpeople'slife.

2.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryone

aboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisis

themostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.

句式:Itisourresponsibilitytodo...

仿写:教育孩子们诚实、慷慨是我们的责任。

Itisourresponsibility2educatethechildrenaboulbeinghonestand

generous.

3.Asisknowntoall,smogisharmfultoeveryone.

句式：Asisknowntoall...

仿写:众所周知，语言能反映出其背后的文化与习俗。

Asisknowntoall,languagescanreflectthecultureandcustomsbehind

them.

4.Itisobviousthatweshouldplantmoretreestofightagainst

sandstorms.

句式:Itisobviousthat...

仿写:旧方法显然不能满足新的要求。

Itisobviousthattheoldmethodcannotmeetnewrequirements.

5.ItisbelievedthatthebeautyoftheLiRiverwillbepreservedfor

generationstocome.

句式:Itisbelievedthat...

仿写:人们相信总有一天我们将能充分利用太阳能。

Itisbelievedthatweshallmakefulluseofthesun'senergysomeday

［提升测评］

W.阅读理解

A

Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoa

studytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajor

factor.

Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50

percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenew

studyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynorthern

coasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLos

Angeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenby

morethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewas

nearly75percent.

Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,an

ecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbig

trees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.Aggressivewildfire

controlhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompete

withbigtreesforresources.

ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand

1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhis

colleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevident

eveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.

Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsuffered

thegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswith

acomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingin

comparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthings

asrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt.

Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwater

stressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolose

morewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewater

supplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.

1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.

B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.

C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.

D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.

解析:段落大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各

个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。

答案:A

2.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbig

trees?

A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.

B.Banningwoodcutting.

C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.

D.Firecontrolmeasures.

解析:推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句"Aggressivewildfirecontrol

hasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbig

treesforresources.“可知，对野火的控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得

加利福尼亚州的森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产

生了不利的影响。故选D。

答案:D

3.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?

A.Inadequatesnowmelt.

B.Alongerdryseason.

C.Awarmerclimate.

D.Dampnessoftheair.

解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段”...thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwater

stressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures...andearlier

snowmelt…''可知，造成加利福尼亚州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温升

高，以及较早的融雪。故选C。

答案:C

4.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.California'sForests:WhereHaveAHtheBigTreesGone?

B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon

C.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?

D.PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia

解析:标题归纳题。通读全文可知，自2()世纪3()年代以来，加利福尼亚

州已经失去了一半的大树,文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。

全文围绕“加利福尼亚州森林的大树都去哪儿了‘’这一话题展开。故选

Ao

答案:A

B

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbe

bluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海

洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsoffthe

organisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheocean

surface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetype

andconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowth

ofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leading

tochangesintheocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbon

dioxideintotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganisms

die,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpsto

regulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletothe

ocean5swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheocean

andcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlight

andcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.

StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCentreforGlobalChange

Science,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceans

throughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3C,itfoundthat

multiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodel

projectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecome

evenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarming

willmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturn

greener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheocean

changing,“shesaid「butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.^^

5.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.

B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.

C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.

D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.

解析:段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，到21世纪末，由于气候变暖,

世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。根据第二段内容可知，这种现象

的核心是一种叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物。在光线的作用下在海

洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取

决于浮游植物的类型和密度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生

物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B。

答案:B

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable“inparagraph3probably

mean?

A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.

C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.

解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Wanningchangeskey

characteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,since

theyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso

nutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物

的生长。由此可判断浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选

Ao

答案:A

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.

B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.

C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.

D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.

解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblue

areaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsome

waters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriper

forphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.”可次口，浮游植月勿多了,

水域会变得更绿。故选D。

答案:D

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.

B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.

解析:主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨:到21世纪末，由于气候变

暖，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。故选C。

答案:C

C

ACityintheJungle

Inthesummerof1848,inGuatemala,amancalledAmbrosioTut

wentoutintothejungle,ashedidalmosteveryday.Tutwasagum

collector,lookingforguminthejungle.9.Oneday,hegottothe

topofonetreeandsomethingcaughthiseye.Helookedoutacrossthe

treesandsawthetopsofsomeoldbuildings.

1()._____Herantotellthelocalgovernorexcitedly,andtogether

theywalkedintothejungle.TheretheyfoundTikal,thecitythatthe

Mayanshadbuiltmanyhundredsofyearsbefore.Thetwomensaw

pyramids,squaresandhouses.

Foralongtimebeforethatday,localpeoplehadknownthat

somewhereinthejungletherewasanoldMayancity.11.

Between200and900AD,thecityofTikalhadbeenthecentreofMayan

civilisation(文明)inthearea,butthentheMayansleftit—nobodyknows

why!After1000AD,thejunglebegantocoverit.12.

SevenyearsbeforeTutfoundTikal,twoBritishexplorershadgone

toGuatemalaandhadwrittenareportaboutMayantreasuresinthe

jungle—buttheyhadn'tmentionedTikal.Evenearlierthanthis,local

Indianshadtoldpeopleaboutagreatcityhiddeninthetrees,butnoone

hadlistenedtothem.13.Nowthelostcityhadbeenfoundagain,

andpeoplewentthereimmediatelytoseeit.

A.Butnoonehadseenitforcenturies.

B.Todothis,hehadtoclimbthetrees.

C.Andthenpeopleforgotthatitwasthere.

D.Sotheylostthechancetofindthetreasure.

E.Tutfoundmanyothertreasuresafterthat.

F.MoreandmorescientistsbegantostudytheMayancity.

G.Tutdidn'treallyknowwhathehadseenbutheknewitwas

somethingspecial.

9.解析:根据上文中的“Tutwasagumcollector,lookingforguminthe

jungle."及下文中的“hegottothetopofonetree”可知，图特是树胶采集

者,当他爬到树上寻找树胶时发现了蒂卡尔。故选B。

答案:B

10.解析:根据下文中的"Herantotell...walkedintothejungle.”可知，图

特不知道他看到的是什么建筑，但他知道那肯定不一般,所以他兴奋地

跑去找当地的长官同他前往那里一探究竟。故选G。

答案:G

11.解析:根据上文中的"Foralongtimebeforethatday...therewasan

oldMayancity.''及下文中的"After1()0()AD,thejunglebegantocover

it.”可知,当地人知道丛林里有一座玛雅古城，但几百年来都没有人见

过它。故选Ao

答案:A

12.解析:根据上文中的"thejunglebegantocoverit”可知，森林覆盖住

了这座玛雅古城,所以人们渐渐地忘记了它的存在。故选C。

答案:C

13.解析:根据上文中的“Evenearlierthanthis...hadlistenedtothem.”

可知，当地印第安人曾告诉人们丛林里有一座伟大的城市，但人们都不

相信,因而失去了发现蒂卡尔这个宝藏的机会。故选D。

答案:D

V.完形填空

Lastweektheelectricityinmyflatwentout.Ihadjustgothome

fromworkandwas[makingmytea,whenallofasuddenthe

powerwasoff.Iwassurroundedbycomplete2.Thelightshadgone

out,theovenhadstoppedworkingandmyphonewasnolonger3.

Myflatmatesand1triedto4itbutwesoonrealisedthatwe

couldn't.Wewouldhavetowaitfora(n)5tocomethenext

morning.Thisleftmeawholenightwithoutany6.Mytypical

eveningisspentwatchingTVandlookingthroughsocialmedia.Atthat

nightthiswasn't7.DuetothelackoflightsIcouldn'tevenreada

book.Weweren'tpreparedwithcandlesormatches.Wejustrelytoo

muchonelectricity,expectingthatitwill8

Soformeitwasanearlynighttosleep.AndIcouldn'thelpbut

think,dowe9electricitytoomuch?Thatnight,losingour

electricityfeltlikelosingabasic10,asbasicasrunningwater.But

really,electricityisaluxury(奢侈品)thatwe'vegrownto11for

granted.Iuseelectricityallthetime,evenwhenit'snotreallynecessary.I

useitto12myphonewhenIhavetowaitforevenjustaminute,

forexamplewhenwaitingforfriends.

Ouroveruseofelectricityisabig13.Itcontributestoglobal

warming,whichissomethingthatwereallyshouldbeworriedabout.Itis

harmingourenvironmentandweneedtodowhatwecantostopit.How

wouldwe14inaworldwithoutelectricity?Cuttingbackonour

useofelectricitywouldsaveenergyresourcessothattheycouldlastfor

longer.Iknow15thatIcancutdownonmyuseofelectricity.

1.A.occasionallyB.happily

C.urgentlyD.apparently

解析:根据空前的“justgothomefromwork”及空后的“makingmytea”

可知，作者下班后正在惬意地沏茶。occasionally偶尔,偶然;happily开

心地;urgently紧急地，急迫地;apparently显然地。故选B。

答案:B

2.A.silenceB.bitterness

C.darknessD.astonishment

解析:根据上文中的“thepowerwasoff'可知，停电了，室内一片漆黑，

silence寂静，沉默;bitterness痛苦;darkness黑暗，漆黑;astonishment惊

讶。故选C。

答案:C

3.A.callingB.charging

C.controllingD.existing

解析:根据上文所讲的停电一以及空前的“myphonewasnolonger"

可知，此处指作者的手机不再充电了。call呼叫,称呼;charge给...充

电,控告;control控制;exist存在。故选B。

答案:B

4.A.setB.put

C.getD.fix

解析:根据上文"allofasuddenthepowerwasoff'可知,作者跟室友尝

试修复电。set设置;put放,安置;get得到;Ex修理。故选D。

答案:D

5.A.friendB.assistant

C.electricianD.neighbour

解析:根据上文可知，作者和室友尝试修复电路，但很快意识到他们做

不到，所以只能等电工来修。friend朋友;assistant助理,助手;electrician

电工;neighbour邻居。故选C。

答案:C

6.A.electricityB.expectation

C.recognitionD.facility

解析:根据上文可知，电工第二天早上才来修电路，所以作者整晚都要

在没有电的环境中度过了。electricity电expectation预料，期

待;recognition认识,承认;facility设施。故选A。

答案:A

7.A.possibleB.frequent

C.importantD.general

解析:根据上文中的“MytypicaleveningisspentwatchingTVand

lookingthroughsocialmedia.”可知,因为那晚没电，所以完全不可能做

这些事情。possible可能的;frequent频繁的;important重要的;general

普遍的，大概•的。故选A。

答案:A

8.A.failB.work

C.leaveD.appear

解析:根据语境可知，此处是说作者和室友太依赖电了，总期望它会一

直工作。fail失败;work工作;leave离开;appear出现。故选B。

答案:B

9.A.lookonB.holdon

C.liveonD.dependon

解析:根据上文中的"Wcjustrelytoomuchonelectricity,expectingthat

itwill…”可知，作者反思人们是否太依赖电了。lookon旁观;holdon握

住，坚持住;liveon靠....过活;dependon依赖。故选D。

答案:D

10.A.regulationB.necessity

C.intensityD.system

解析:根据空后的"asbasicasrunningwater"可知,电是一种像自来水一

样的必需品。regulation章程，规则;necessity必需品;intensity紧张，强

度;system体系,制度。故选B。

答案:B

11.A.takeB.make

C.controlD.become

解析:句意:但实际上，电是一种奢侈品，而我们逐渐把它当成了一种理

所当然的东西Jake拿,携带;make使;control控制;become变成。take...

forgranted为固定搭配，意为“认为理所当然故选A。

答案:A

12.A.keepB.check

C.readD.search

解析:根据空后的“whenIhavetowaitforevenjustaminute”可知抑使

仅需等候一分钟的时候,作者也会用电（即插上充电器）来查看手机。

keep保持;check检查,查看;read读;search搜索,查找。故选B。

答案:B

13.A.challengeB.temptation

C.questionD.problem

解析:根据下文中的"Ilcontributestoglobalwarming”可知,过度用电是

一个很大的问题。challenge挑战;temptation引诱,诱惑;question问题,

疑惑;problem问题。故选D。

答案:D

14.A.surviveB.succeed

C.supplyD.sacrifice

解析：根据语境可知，此处是说“我们怎么在没有电的世界生存

呢?”survive生存,幸存;succeed成功;supply供应,供给;sacrfce牺牲。

故选A。

答案:A

15.A.afterallB.attimes

C.forsureD.withease

解析:句意:我确信我能减少用电量。afterall毕竟;attimes有时;forsure

肯定,无疑;withease轻松地，不费力地。故选C。

答案:C

VI.读后续写

Itwasanartlesson.Rachelsatatthedeskwatchingherclassmates

busypreparingthewaterjarsandpaints.SheunderstoodwhyMrs

WestonaskedhertositdownandgotLisatofetcheverythingforher.It

wasalwaysadisasterwhenRacheltriedtodoart!

Rachelsighedandreachedouttodipherbrushinsomeblackpaint

and-oh,no!Sheknockedoverthejar.Thewaterspreadacrossthedesk

anddrownedthepaper.LisacalledMrsWestontoseewhatRachelhad

done.Rachelwentredintheface.Shejumpedtoherfeettogetacloth.

Herchairfelloverbackwards.Sheturnedroundandherpaintbrush

caughtLisaacrosstheface,givingherablackmoustache.Lisawasso

surprisedthatshefellbackagainstawirebookstand.Itwasknocked

downandthebookswentalloverthefloor.

Howclumsy(笨拙的)!Rachelthoughtasshewenthomeonthebus.

Thebusstoppedo