人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT3课时评价作业（十）含答案

课时评价作业(十)

ReadingandThinking(2)

［基础测评］

I.单句语法填空

1.Chinesecultureisfuelinginternationalfashiontrends(trend).

2.Peopleinthatcountryaredyingofstarvation(starve)becauseofthe

plagueoflocusts(蝗灾).

3.Firefighterstooktwohourstorelease(release)thedriverfromthe

wreckage(残骸).

4.Restrictions(restrict)ontradewerelifted.

5.Someresearchersbelievethatthereislittledoubtihalacureforthat

newdiseasewillbefound.

6.Sustainable(sustain)developmentisthecommontargetofhuman

beings.

7.Peoplefrequently(frequent)usesunflowersassymbolsofstrength.

8.Theinterviewwasbroadcas［/bvoadcast(b「oadcast)allovertheworld

yesterday.

9.Thegovernmentnowhopestoseize(seize)theinitiativeon

education.

10.AcontemporaryecologisKecology)oncesaid:ManlivesonEarthasa

guestofgreenplants.

II.用适当的介词填空

1.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingand

thatarestillbeingcreated.

2.Dandelionsreleasetheirseedsintotheair,makingthemflyingwith

wind.

3.Sofarthevirushasresultedinthedeathoftensofthousandsofpeople.

4.Accordingtostudies,pricesareaffectedbysupplyanddemand.

5.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeen

trappedjnthemountainsfortwodays.

HI.语容填空

Inrecentyears,climatechangehashadagreatimpact1.______the

animals.In2013,thewholeworld2.(shock)byanewsphotoof

adeadpolarbearonNorway9sArcticislandofSvalbard.Duetothe

increaseintemperature,3._____(probable),thepolarbeardiedfrom

lackoffood.

Whatiscausingtheincrease?Climatescientiststhinkitisthe

greenhouseeffect,4._____includesthe“natural“greenhouseeffectand

the"man・made“greenhouseeffect.The"man-made“greenhouseeffect

hasbecome5.bigproblem.Peopleproducehugeamountsof

greenhousegases,6._____(leave)moreheatenergytrappedinthe

atmosphere.Theriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinnatural

7._____(disaster).

Climatescientistswarnactionsshouldbetaken.Otherwisetherewill

bea8._____(high)pricetopay.Governmentsshouldtakemeasures

9._____(reduce)green-housegasemissionsandindividualscanalso

makea10.(different)byreducingthecarbondioxidethey

produce.

1.解析:haveanimpacton/upon为固定搭配，表示“对...有影响故

填on。

答案:on

2.解析:本句时间状语为In2013,故用一般过去时;thewholeworld与

shock之间为被动关系(整个世界被震惊)，故用一般过去时的被动语

态。主语为单数，故填wasshocked。

答案:wasshocked

3.解析:设空处后面句子主干成分完整，故设空处用副词probably作状

语，表示“北极熊可能死于缺少食物故填probably。

答案:probably

4.解析:设空处所在句意为：气候科学家认为它是温室效应，包括自然

的和人为制造的温室效应。由句意可知，设空处应指温室效应。设空

处无提示词，且前面只有逗号，没有连词,故设空处应引导非限制性定

语从句且在从句中作主语，故填whicho

答案:which

5.解析:本句说明人为制造的温室效应已经变成了一个大问题。空格

处修饰problem,表示泛指。big以辅音音素开头。故填a。

答案:a

6.解析:空格处所在句已有谓语（produce）,且空格前没有连词,故设空

处应填非谓语动词。设空处上文意为:人们制造出大量的温室气体，下

文（使更多的热能被困在大气层）是上文所描述情况的结果，所以用动

词-ing形式作结果状语。故填leavingo

答案Heaving

7.解析:空格处陈述的自然灾害显然不止一种,用名词的复数形式。故

填disasterso

答案:disasters

8.解析:这里含有比较的意味，即采取措施要付出的代价与不采取措

施要付出的代价对比，很明显，不采取措施要付出的代价更高,故填形

容词的比较级higher。

答案:higher

9.解析:takemeasurestodosth为固定搭配，意为“采取措施做某事”。

故填toreduceo

答案:toreduce

10.解析:makeadifference为固定搭配，意为“有影响;有作用”。故填

differenceo

答案:difference

［提升测评］

IV.阅读理解

A

TheAntarctic'ssnow-whiteenvironmentisgoinggreenandfacing

otherunexpectedthreats.

Scientistssaythatastemperaturesgoupinthepolarareas,

invading（入侵）plantsandinsects,includingtheflies,causeamajor

threat.

Moreandmoreoftheseinvaders,intheformoflarvae（幼虫）or

seeds,aresurvivingincoastalareasaroundtheSouthPole,wherethe

temperaturehasrisenbyalmost3℃overthepastfivedecades.Glaciers

havemelted,exposingmorelandwhichhasbeenoccupiedbymossesthat

havebeenfoundtobegrowingmorequicklyandthicklythanever

before-providingpotentialgreenhomesforinvaders.

“Thecommonhousefliesareaperfectexampleoftheproblemthe

Antarcticnowfacesfrominvadingspecies;*saidDominicHodgsonof

theBritishAntarcticSurvey."Theyarrivebyship,wheretheyexistin

kitchens.Theynowhaveanincreasingchanceofsurvivinginthe

Antarcticasitwarmsup,andthatisaworry.Insectslikethehouseflies

canybacteriathatcouldhaveadeadlyeffectonnativelifeforms.”

TheAntarctichasseveralnativespeciesofinsects.Togetherwithits

nativemosses,thesearenowunderincreasedthreatfromthreemajor

sources:visitingscientists,increasingnumberoftouristsandglobal

warming.However,itisglobalwarmingthatisthemaindriverofthe

“greening“oftheAntarctic.

Inthe2015-2016travelseason,morethan38,000touristsvisitedthe

Antarctic.4fcThesetouristsareoftenverycarefulaboutnotleavingwaste.

Buttheycouldcarryseedsorlarvaeontheirbootswhentheysetfooton

theAntarctic,vsaidDominic.

Moreandmoreinvadinginsectsandplantshavebeenfoundonthe

Antarcticandhaverequiredremoval."Theinsectsandplantsthatare

nativetotheAntarctichavesurvivedthereforthousandsofyears,“said

Dominic."Wehavetoactnowifwewanttosavetheenvironment.^^

1.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“mosses“inparagraph3mean?

A.Houseflies.

B.Coastalareas.

C.Akindofplants.

D.Akindofanimals.

解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Glaciershavemelted,exposing

morelandwhichhasbeenoccupiedbymossesthathavebeenfoundtobe

growingmorequicklyandthicklythaneverbefore-providingpotential

greenhomesforinvaders.可知,画线词指的是一中植物，故选C。

落案:C

2.WhatdoweknowaboutthehousefliesintheAntarctic?

A.TheyarenativetotheAntarctic.

B.Theywilldieoutbecauseofthefreezingweather.

C.TheycometotheAntarcticfromnearbyislandsontheirown.

D.TheycouldseverelyinfluencethenativespeciesoftheAntarctic.

解析:细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，南极地区的家蝇所携带

的细菌会严重影响当地的物种。故选D。

答案:D

3.WhatisthemaincauseoftheAntarcticgoinggreen?

A.Thearrivalofscientists.

B.Theincreasingnumberofvisitors.

C.Therapidspreadofnativeplants.

D.Therisingtemperaturearoundtheworld.

解析:细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，南极地区变绿的主要原

因是全球气候变暖。故选D。

答案:D

B

Seaturtlesareoneofseveralspeciesthathave

temperature-dependentsexdetermination.Thenumberoffemalebabies

increaseswhennestsaremadeinwarmersands.

ArecentstudybytheNationalOceanicandAtmospheric

Administration,TheCaliforniaStateUniversityandWorldWildlifeFund

forNatureAustraliaexaminedtwogeneticallydistinctpopulationsof

greenseaturtleslivingintheGreatBarrierReef.Thestudyfoundthata

groupofabout200,000turtleslivinginthenorthernpartofthereefwas

almostentirelyfemale.

Whilethesouthernpopulationwas65to69percentfemale,females

inthenortherngroupaccountedfor99.1percentofyoungturtlesand86.8

percentofadults.

Aftercombiningtheirresultswithtemperaturedata,thescientistsin

chargeofthestudyfoundthatthenortherngreenturtleshavebeen

producingmainlyfemalesformorethantwodecadesandthatthe

completefeminization（雌性化）ofthispopulationispossibleinthenear

future.

Thetemperatureatwhichtheturtleswillproducemaleorfemale

babiescanbepassedontotheturtles'children.Mostseaturtle

populationsarenowproducingoffspringabovethemostsuitable

temperature,makingitclearthatclimatechangecausesaseriousthreatto

thesurvivalofthesepopulations.

ThechiefexecutiveofWorldWildlifeFundAustralia,Dermot

O'Gorman,saidthisisanothersignoftheimpactofclimatechange,

followingrecentresearchthatshowsthatcoralbleaching（珊瑚白化）

eventsareoccurringfarmorefrequentlythaninthepast.

“We'vehadtwoyearswherewe'vehadmassbleachingeventson

theGreatBarrierReef,“hetoldGuardianAustralia."That'savery

visiblesignoftheimpactofclimatechange.Butthisisaquietchange.

Wecan'tseetheimpactit'shavingonaturtlepopulationuntilastudy

likethisshowssomelong-termtrends.

Theleadauthorofthepaper,DrMichaelJensen,saidthefindings

representamajorenvironmentalconservationissue.

O'Gormansaidmoreurgentactiononclimatechangeisclearly

needed,addingthatsomeconservationistshavealreadytakenpractical

measures,suchasusingshadeclothonturtlenestingbeachestolowerthe

sandtemperature,andreducingbycatch（误捕）inthefishingindustry.

“Shadeclothcanbeusedincertainplaces,butthere'salimittothe

scaleyoucandothat,“hesaid."Noweverylargemalewhocan

reproduceisgoingtobeevenmoreimportant.”

4.WhatdoweknowaccordingtotheresearchonGreatBarrierReef's

greenseaturtles?

A.About65to69percentofnorthernturtlesarefemale.

B.86.8percentofsouthernturtleshavegrownuptoadults.

C.Thefeminizationofgreenseaturtlescouldbecomeworse.

D.Adultgreenseaturtlescanchangetheirsexinwarmerplaces.

解析:细节理解题。由第四段可知，北部的绿海龟在近2（）年的时间里孵

化的后代一直以雌性为主，而且，在不久的骁来,这个种群可能会完全

雌性化。说明雌性化现象会更为糟糕。故选C。

答案:C

5.WhydidO'Gormanmentioncoralbleaching?

A.Tosuggestthatclimatechangeposesmoreriskstocoralthanturtles.

B.Tocomparethelivingenvironmentsofturtlesandcoral.

C.Tourgepeopletotakepracticalmeasurestofightclimatechange.

D.Tostressthisdiscoveryaboutgreenseaturtlesisveryvaluable.

解析:推理判断题。由第七段可知，珊瑚白化是看得见的气候变化的影

响，而绿海龟性别的雌性化却不是那么明显可见,直到做了这项研究才

注意到气候变化对它们的影响。用珊瑚白化来凸显对海龟的这一发现

的重要性。故选D。

答案:D

6.Whatisthepurposeoftheconservationists,action?

A.Tokeeptheseaturtles'nestscool.

B.Tostoptheillegalfishingofgreenseaturtles.

C.Toexpandthesizeofthegreenseaturtles,nestingplaces.

D.Tobuildspecialnestsforturtlestoproduceoffspring.

解析:细节理解题。由倒数第二段中“suchasusingshadeclothonturtle

nestingbeachestolowerthesandtemperature”可知，生态环境保护者们

正采取措施给海龟巢降温。故选A。

答案:A

7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowClimateChangeAffectsOceanCreatures

B.InvisibleChangeCausedbyGlobalWarmingExposed

C.NecessityofProtectingGreenSeaTurtlesandTheirHabitat

D.GlobalGreenSeaTurtlePopulationsinGreaterDanger

解析:标题归纳题。整篇文章讲述了海龟巢的温度较高使得生活在澳

大利亚大堡礁附近的绿海龟雌性化，并且这种变化不像珊瑚白化那样

直接可见。故选B。

答案:B

V.完形填空

Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,the

highestmountaininAfrica.Theybringwiththemlotsofwaste.The

]mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciersare

disappearing,changingthe2ofKilimanjaro.

Hearingthesestories,I'm3abouttheplace-other

destinationsaredescribedas“purer“naturalexperiences.

However,Isoon4thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysof

disturbingreportsof5amongtonsofrubbish.Ifindaclean

mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmental

challengesare6buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalPark

Authorityseemtobe7.

ThebestofaKilimanjaroexperience,inmyopinion,isn'treaching

thetop.Mountainsare8asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This

9isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroasclimbersgothroughfive

ecosystems（生态系统）inthespaceofafewkilometres.Atthebaseisa

rainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000metres,10landsoflow

growingplants.Furtherup,theweather11—lowcloudsenvelopthe

mountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I12twelve

shadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metresisthehighland

13:gravel（砾石），stonesandrocks.Finallyyouclimbintoan

arctic-likezonewith14snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoon

disappear.

DoesKilimanjaro15itsreputationasacrowdedmountain

withlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundthe

oppositetobetrue.

1.A.storiesB.buildings

C.crowdsD.reporters

解析:人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。story故事;building建筑物;crowd

人群;reporter记者。由“40,000people”可知，这是一个庞大的人群。故

选C。

答案:C

2.A.positionB.age

C.faceD.name

解析:冰川正在消失,改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。position位置;age年

龄;face外貌;name名字。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一，所以冰山融

化会改变它的地貌。故选C。

答案:C

3.A.silentB.skeptical

C.seriousD.crazy

解析:听到这些故事，“我”对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描

述为“更纯粹的'‘自然体验。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,

想解开这个疑惑。silent沉默的;skeptical怀疑的;serious严肃的;crazy

疯狂的。beskepticalabout“对怀疑”，符合句意。故选B。

答案:B

4.A.discoverB.argue

C.decideD.advocate

解析:然而，“我”很快发现,自从关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的那些令

人不安的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。discover发现;argue

争论;decide决定;advocate提倡。由“muchhaschanged”可知，作者发现

了很大的变化。故选A。

答案:A

5.A.equipmentB.grass

C.campsD.stones

解析:equipment设备;grass草地;camp营地;stone石头。由下文“with

toiletsatcamps”可知，此处应填campso故选Co

答案:C

6.A.newB.special

C.significantD.necessary

解析:环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎

正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰

川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。new新的;special

特殊的;significant相当大的;necessary必要的。故选Co

答案:C

7.A.payingoffB.spreadingout

C.blowingupD.fadingaway

解析:由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明恒桑尼亚国家公园管理局

所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。payoff还清，得到回报;spreadout伸

展;blowup爆炸;fadeaway逐渐消退。故选A。

答案:A

8.A.studiedB.observed

C.exploredD.regarded

解析:山被许多文化视为精神之地。study学习;observe观察;explore探

索;regard认为