中国刑事警察学院《全新版大学进阶英语综合教程》2025-2026学年期末试卷

中国刑事警察学院《全新版大学进阶英语综合教程》2025-2026学年期末试卷一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）

1.Theterm"culturalrelativism"referstotheideathat

A.allculturesareinherentlysuperiortoothers

B.culturalnormsshouldbejudgedbasedonuniversalstandards

C.thevaluesandpracticesofonecultureshouldbeunderstoodintermsofitsowncontext

D.culturaldifferencesareprimarilyduetoenvironmentalfactors

2.Inthefieldofanthropology,theconceptof"etic"isusedtodescribe

A.thestudyofhumanculturesfromanexternalperspective

B.theprocessofculturaladaptationinimmigrants

C.theinternaldynamicsofaparticularculture

D.thecomparisonofculturaltraitsacrossdifferentsocieties

3.AccordingtoMarxisttheory,theprimarycontradictionincapitalismisbetween

A.laborandcapital

B.individualandsociety

C.natureandtechnology

D.productionandconsumption

4.Theterm"hegemony"insociologyrefersto

A.theprocessbywhichadominantgroupmaintainsitspower

B.thestudyofsocialinequalities

C.theformationofsocialnorms

D.theanalysisofculturalpractices

5.IntheworksofMaxWeber,theconceptof"bureaucracy"ismostcloselyassociatedwith

A.traditionalauthority

B.charismaticauthority

C.rational-legalauthority

D.emotionalauthority

6.Theideathatsocialstructuresandinstitutionsshapeindividualbehaviorismoststronglyassociatedwith

A.structuralfunctionalism

B.symbolicinteractionism

C.conflicttheory

D.postmodernism

7.Theterm"socialmobility"refersto

A.themovementofindividualsbetweensocialclasses

B.thechangeinsocialnormsovertime

C.thestudyofsocialinstitutions

D.theanalysisofsocialinequalities

8.Inthefieldofculturalstudies,theconceptof"ideology"isusedtodescribe

A.thesetofbeliefsandvaluesthatshapeculturalpractices

B.thestudyofculturaltextsandtheirmeanings

C.theanalysisofsocialpowerstructures

D.theprocessofculturalchange

9.Theterm"paradigm"inthecontextofscientificresearchrefersto

A.aframeworkoftheoriesandassumptions

B.theprocessofhypothesistesting

C.thecollectionofdata

D.theinterpretationofresults

10.Theconceptof"socialconstructionofreality"ismostcloselyassociatedwith

A.theideathatsocialphenomenaarecreatedbyhumaninteraction

B.thestudyofsocialdeviance

C.theanalysisofsocialinstitutions

D.theexaminationofsocialinequalities

二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）

1.Whichofthefollowingarekeyconceptsinthestudyofsocialstratification?

A.class

B.status

C.power

D.wealth

E.ethnicity

2.Themajortheoreticalperspectivesinsociologyinclude

A.structuralfunctionalism

B.symbolicinteractionism

C.conflicttheory

D.feministtheory

E.postmodernism

3.Theprocessofglobalizationhasledto

A.increasedculturalexchange

B.economicintegration

C.politicalcooperation

D.culturalhomogenization

E.socialconflict

4.TheworksofKarlMarxhavebeeninfluentialin

A.thestudyofeconomicsystems

B.theanalysisofsocialinequalities

C.thedevelopmentofpoliticalideologies

D.thestudyofculturalpractices

E.theanalysisofscientificresearch

5.Theconceptof"socialcontrol"refersto

A.themechanismsbywhichsocietymaintainsorder

B.thestudyofdeviantbehavior

C.theanalysisofsocialnorms

D.theprocessofsocialization

E.theexaminationofsocialinstitutions

三、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）

1.Explainthedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarysocialization.

2.DescribethemainfeaturesofMaxWeber'stheoryofsocialaction.

3.Discusstheconceptofculturalrelativismanditsimplicationsforcross-culturalunderstanding.

4.Analyzetheroleofsocialinstitutionsinshapingindividualbehavior.

四、材料分析题（本大题共2小题，共30分）

材料一：

Inrecentyears,theissueofimmigrationhasbecomeamajorpoliticalconcerninmanycountries.Proponentsofstricterimmigrationpoliciesarguethatsuchmeasuresarenecessarytoprotectnationalsecurityandculturalidentity.Critics,ontheotherhand,contendthatrestrictiveimmigrationpoliciescanleadtosocialunrestandeconomicdecline.Thisdebatehasbeenfurthercomplicatedbytheincreasingdiversityofimmigrantpopulationsandthechallengestheyfaceinadaptingtonewculturalenvironments.

1.Analyzetheargumentspresentedbybothsidesoftheimmigrationdebate,drawingonsociologicaltheoriesandconcepts.

2.Discussthepotentialsocialandeconomicimpactsofimmigrationonhostsocieties.

材料二：

Theconceptofsocialconstructionofrealityhasbeenwidelyappliedinthestudyofvarioussocialphenomena,includinggenderroles,racialcategories,andreligiousbeliefs.Forexample,thewaygenderrolesareconstructedandmaintainedinsocietycanhaveaprofoundimpactonthelivesofindividuals.Similarly,racialcategoriesarenotfixedbutaresociallyconstructedandcanvaryacrossdifferentculturesandhistoricalperiods.Religiousbeliefs,too,areshapedbysocialinteractionsandculturalcontexts.

1.Explainhowtheconceptofsocialconstructionofrealityappliestotheformationandmaintenanceofgenderrolesinsociety.

2.Discusstheimplicationsofsocialconstructionismforunderstandingracialcategoriesandreligiousbeliefs.

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，共35分）

材料一：

Thestudyofsocialstratificationhasrevealedsignificantinequalitiesinaccesstoresourcesandopportunitiesacrossdifferentsocialclasses.Theseinequalitiesarenotonlyeconomicbutalsosocialandcultural.Forexample,individualsfromlowersocialclassesoftenhavelimitedaccesstoqualityeducation,healthcare,andotheressentialservices.This,inturn,canperpetuatecyclesofpovertyanddisadvantage.

1.Analyzethecausesandconsequencesofsocialstratification,drawingonsociologicaltheoriesandevidence.

2.Discussthepotentialstrategiesforreducingsocialinequalitiesand