2018英语四级笔试题

2018英语四级笔试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingahabitofreading.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theriseofdigitaltechnologyhasprofoundlytransformedhowweaccessinformation.Whiletheinternetoffers(26)______convenience,ithasalsoledtoadeclineindeep,focusedreading.Manypeoplenow(27)______throughsnippetsoftextonline,ahabitthatcan(28)______ourabilitytoconcentrateonlonger,morecomplexmaterial.Developingasustainedreadinghabitis(29)______forcognitivedevelopment.Itstrengthensourattentionspan,enhancesvocabulary,andfosterscriticalthinking.Unlikethe(30)______natureofsocialmediafeeds,readingabookrequirespatienceandimmersion,allowingideastodevelopfully.To(31)______thisvaluablehabit,individualscansetasidededicatedtimeeachday,choosematerialthatgenuinelyintereststhem,andcreateaquiet,distraction-freeenvironment.Librariesandbookclubsalsoprovide(32)______supportandasenseofcommunity.Inanageofinformation(33)______,theabilitytoreaddeeplyisnotjustaleisureactivity;itisacrucialskillfor(34)______thevastseasofdataandformingwell-reasonedopinions.Therefore,(35)______thehabitofreadingisaninvestmentinone'sintellectualandpersonalgrowth.WordBank:A)cultivateB)navigateC)superficialD)essentialE)overwhelmingF)scanG)hinderH)mutualI)unparalleledJ)sustainK)promotingL)processingM)fragmentaryN)reclaimingO)practicalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,theconceptofthe"sharingeconomy"hasgainedsignificanttraction,withcompanieslikeAirbnbandUberbecominghouseholdnames.Thismodel,builtonutilizingunderusedassetsthroughpeer-to-peerplatforms,promisesincreasedefficiency,costsavings,andasenseofcommunity.However,itsrapidexpansionhassparkedintensedebateregardingregulationanditsbroadersocietalimpact.Proponentsarguethatthesharingeconomyunlockseconomicvaluefromidleresources,suchasemptyroomsorprivatecars.Itprovidesflexibleincomeopportunitiesandoffersconsumersmorechoices,oftenatlowerpricesthantraditionalservices.Furthermore,itisseenasfosteringtrustbetweenstrangersthroughratingsystemsanddigitalplatforms.Critics,however,raiseseveralconcerns.Onemajorissueistheregulatorygrayarea.Traditionalhotelsandtaxiservicesaresubjecttostrictsafety,insurance,andzoningregulations,whichmanysharingeconomyplatformsandtheirusersbypass.Thiscreatesanunevenplayingfield.Additionally,thereareworriesabouttheerosionoflaborstandards.Manyworkersinthesharingeconomyareclassifiedasindependentcontractors,lackingbenefitslikehealthinsurance,paidleave,orjobsecuritythattraditionalemployeesenjoy.Thiscanleadtoincomeinstabilityandexploitation.Moreover,theimpactonhousingmarketsinpopularcitieshasbeenscrutinized.Theconversionofresidentialapartmentsintofull-timeshort-termrentalscanreducetheavailabilityoflong-termhousing,potentiallydrivinguprentsforlocalresidents.Whilethesharingeconomypresentsinnovativesolutions,itclearlynecessitatescarefulconsiderationandupdatedregulatoryframeworkstoensurefairness,safety,andsustainability.46.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthesharingeconomymodelasdescribedinthepassage?A)Toreplacealltraditionalserviceindustries.B)Tomakeuseofunderutilizedresourcesthroughpeer-to-peernetworks.C)Toeliminatetheneedforanyformofregulation.D)Tobuildsocialtrustasitsultimategoal.47.Accordingtoproponents,whatisoneadvantageofthesharingeconomyforconsumers?A)Guaranteedjobsecurity.B)Morechoicesandpotentiallylowercosts.C)Strictsafetyregulations.D)Permanentemploymentcontracts.48.Whatisamajorconcernraisedbycriticsaboutthesharingeconomy?A)Itlacksdigitalplatforms.B)Itdoesnotprovideanyincomeopportunities.C)Itoperatesoutsidemanyregulationsthatapplytotraditionalbusinesses.D)Itdiscouragestrustbetweenusers.49.Theword"erosion"(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto________.A)improvementB)establishmentC)weakeningD)evaluation50.Whatpotentialnegativeeffectofthesharingeconomyismentionedregardinghousing?A)Itincreasestheconstructionofnewhotels.B)Itmightreducelong-termrentalavailabilityandincreaserents.C)Itguaranteesaffordablehousingforlocals.D)Itencouragespeopletobuymoreproperties.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thehumanbrain'scapacityforneuroplasticity—theabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife—hasrevolutionizedourunderstandingoflearningandrecovery.Fordecades,itwasbelievedthatthebrain'sstructurewasrelativelyfixedafterchildhood.Modernresearch,however,showsthatexperienceandlearningcanphysicallychangethebrain'sarchitecture.Thisplasticityisfundamentaltolearningnewskills,suchasplayingamusicalinstrumentorspeakingaforeignlanguage.Repeatedpracticestrengthensspecificneuralpathways,makingtheassociatedtaskseasierandmoreautomatic.Importantly,neuroplasticityisnotlimitedtotheyoung.Adultscanalsoforgenewneuralconnections,thoughitmayrequiremoreconsciouseffortandtime.Thisprincipleunderliescognitiverehabilitationforpatientsrecoveringfromstrokesorbraininjuries.Throughtargetedexercises,theycansometimes"re-wire"theirbrainstocompensatefordamagedareas,regaininglostfunctions.Furthermore,understandingneuroplasticityhighlightstheimpactofourdailyhabits.Activitiesthatchallengethebrain,likepuzzles,reading,orlearningnewthings,canhelpbuildandmaintaincognitivereserve.Conversely,chronicstress,lackofsleep,andpassiveactivitiescanhaveanegativeeffectonbrainstructureandfunction.Theconceptempowersindividuals,suggestingthatwehavemoreagencyoverourbrainhealthandcognitiveabilitiesthanpreviouslythought.Byactivelyengaginginstimulatingmentalactivities,wecanpotentiallyenhanceourbrain'sresilienceandadaptability.51.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A)Thefixedstructureoftheadultbrain.B)Theprocessofbraindevelopmentinchildhood.C)Theconceptofneuroplasticityanditsimplications.D)Thetreatmentmethodsforstrokepatients.52.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthetraditionalbeliefaboutthebrain?A)Itcouldeasilyrecoverfromanyinjury.B)Itsstructurewaslargelyunchangeableafterchildhood.C)Itwasconstantlychangingthroughoutlife.D)Itwasonlyplasticduringsleep.53.Howdoesneuroplasticitybenefitadultslearninganewskill?A)Itmakeslearningeffortlessfromthestart.B)Itallowsthebraintoformnewconnectionsthroughpractice.C)Itpreventsthebrainfromgettingtired.D)Iteliminatestheneedforrepeatedpractice.54.Theword"compensate"(Para.2)mostlikelymeans________.A)toignoreB)toworsenC)tomakeupforD)toidentify55.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconveyaboutbrainhealth?A)Itisentirelydeterminedbygenetics.B)Individualscaninfluenceitthroughtheiractivitiesandhabits.C)Passiveentertainmentisthebestwaytorelaxthebrain.D)Cognitivedeclineinadulthoodisinevitable.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门古老的艺术，至今仍充满活力。它不仅是书写文字的一种方式，更被视为一种心灵修养和艺术表达。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有美感和个性的笔画。练习书法需要耐心和专注，有助于培养平静的心态。如今，书法不仅被老一辈所喜爱，也吸引了越来越多的年轻人。许多学校开设书法课程，将其作为传统文化教育的重要组成部分。PartIVWriting(ThispartisalreadypresentedatthebeginningasPartI)---AnswerKeyPartIWriting(SampleEssay)Developingahabitofreadingisofparamountimportanceintoday'sworld.Inanerafloodedwithfragmentedinformationfromdigitaldevices,deepreadingservesasananchorforthemind.Itsignificantlyenhancesourcognitiveabilities,includingconcentration,vocabulary,andanalyticalthinking.Unlikethepassiveconsumptionofonlinecontent,readingabookactivelyengagesthebrain,fosteringimaginationandempathy.Moreover,regularreadingexpandsourknowledgeandprovidesinsightsintodifferentculturesandperspectives,makingusmorewell-roundedindividuals.Tocultivatethishabit,onecanstartbysettingasideafixedtimedailyforreading,choosingbooksalignedwithpersonalinterests,andminimizingdistractions.Ultimately,investingtimeinreadingisaninvestmentinlifelonglearningandpersonalgrowth.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA26.I)unparalleled27.F)scan28.G)hinder29.D)essential30.C)superficial31.A)cultivate32.H)mutual33.E)overwhelming34.B)navigate35.K)promotingSectionB46.B)Tomakeuseofunderutilizedresourcesthroughpeer-to-peernetworks.47.B)Morechoicesandpotentiallylowercosts.48.C)Itoperatesoutsidemanyregulations