英语四级试题2021

英语四级试题2021

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImportanceofDevelopingDigitalLiteracy.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.---PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theriseofremoteworkhasfundamentallyalteredthetraditionalofficelandscape.Whileofferingflexibility,italsopresentsuniquechallengestoteamcohesionandcommunication.Withoutthespontaneousinteractionsofaphysicaloffice,employeesmayfeel(1)______anddisconnected.Therefore,companiesmustbe(2)______infosteringasenseofcommunity.Regularvirtualteam-buildingactivitiesarenotjustoptionalextras;theyare(3)______formaintainingmorale.Leadersshould(4)______clearcommunicationchannelsandencourageinformalcheck-ins.Furthermore,recognizingemployees'efforts(5)______,eventhroughasimplemessage,cansignificantlyboostengagement.Itisalsocrucialtoestablishboundariestopreventburnout,asthelinebetweenworkandhomelifecanbecome(6)______.Investinginreliabletechnologyisequallyimportant,astechnicaldifficultiescan(7)______productivityandcausefrustration.Ultimately,thesuccessofremoteworkhingesonacultureoftrustand(8)______support.Managersshouldfocusonoutputratherthanmicromanaginghoursonline.By(9)______thesestrategies,organizationscannotonly(10)______thechallengesofremoteworkbutalsounlockitsfullpotentialforbothemployeesandthecompany.WordBank:A)intentionalB)sustainC)acknowledgeD)vitalE)isolatedF)mutualG)blurH)hinderI)implementJ)adaptK)cultivateL)publiclyM)navigateN)deliberateO)instrumentalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOne_Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage._Forcenturies,philosophersandscientistshavedebatedthenatureofconsciousness—thesubjectiveexperienceofbeingandfeeling.Whatmakesthisquestionparticularlyperplexingisthe"hardproblem":explainingwhyandhowphysicalprocessesinthebraingiverisetosubjective,first-personexperiences.Whydoestheprocessingoflightwavelengthsbyourvisualcortexfeelliketheexperienceofseeingthecolorred?Neurosciencehasmadetremendousstridesinmappingbrainregionsassociatedwithspecificfunctionsandevencorrelatingneuralactivitywithcertainstatesofawareness.Wecanpinpointwhichareasareactivewhensomeonefeelspain,recognizesaface,ormakesadecision.However,correlationisnotcausation.Knowingwhichneuronsfireduringanexperiencedoesnotexplaintheemergenceoftheexperienceitself.It'slikeunderstandingthehardwareofacomputer(thebrain'sphysicalstructure)withoutunderstandingthesoftware(theconsciousmind)thatrunsonit.Sometheoristsproposethatconsciousnessmightbeafundamentalpropertyoftheuniverse,likespaceortime.Otherssuggestitarisesfromthecomplexintegrationofinformationwithinasystem.Despitethelackofconsensus,thepursuitofunderstandingconsciousnessispushingtheboundariesofbiology,physics,andcomputerscience,challengingourveryconceptionofrealityandourplacewithinit.11.Whatisthe"hardproblem"ofconsciousnessaccordingtothepassage?A)Identifyingthebrainregionsresponsiblefordifferentfunctions.B)Explaininghowphysicalbrainprocessescreatesubjectiveexperience.C)Differentiatingbetweenhumanandanimalconsciousness.D)Developingtechnologytomeasureneuralactivityaccurately.12.Whatdoestheauthorimplybymentioning"correlationisnotcausation"?A)Neurosciencefindingsaboutthebrainarefundamentallyflawed.B)Brainactivitymapsareinsufficienttoexplainwhyconsciousnessexists.C)Scientistsshouldstoplookingforcorrelationsinbrainstudies.D)Subjectiveexperiencescausespecificpatternsofneuralfiring.13.Thecomputerhardwareandsoftwareanalogyisusedtoillustratethat______.A)thebrainislesscomplexthanamoderncomputerB)consciousnesscanbedownloadedlikeasoftwareprogramC)understandingbrainstructuredoesn'tfullyexplainconsciousmindD)artificialintelligencewillsoonachievehuman-likeconsciousness14.Whatisonetheoryaboutconsciousnessmentionedinthepassage?A)Itisanillusioncreatedbysocialinteractions.B)Itisauniquebyproductofhumanlanguage.C)Itisafundamentalpropertyoftheuniverse.D)Itisidenticaltotheprocessofneuralcomputation.15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)Toannounceanewscientificdiscoveryaboutthebrain.B)Toarguethattheproblemofconsciousnessisunsolvable.C)Todescribedifferentscientificapproachestostudyingconsciousness.D)Topromotetheapplicationofneuroscienceinartificialintelligence.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithfivestatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.PassageTwo_Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage._A)Theconceptofthe"circulareconomy"hasgainedsignificanttractionasasustainablealternativetothetraditionallineareconomicmodelof"take,make,dispose."Incontrasttolinearity,acirculareconomyaimstoredefinegrowthbydesigningwasteoutofthesystem.Itisbasedonthreeprinciples:eliminatingwasteandpollution,circulatingproductsandmaterialsattheirhighestvalue,andregeneratingnaturalsystems.B)Thefirstprinciplefocusesondesign.Bydesigningproductsfordurability,reuse,repairability,andultimatelyrecyclability,wasteisnotanafterthoughtbutisdesignedoutfromthebeginning.Thisrequiresinnovationinmaterialsscience,productdesign,andbusinessmodels.Forinstance,modularsmartphonesdesignedforeasypartreplacementcontrastsharplywithmanycurrentmodelsthataredifficulttorepair.C)Thesecondprincipleemphasizeskeepingmaterialsinuse.Thiscaninvolvemaintaining,repairing,andreusingproducts(the"innerloop"),orrecyclingmaterialstocreatenewproducts(the"outerloop").Thegoalistoextractthemaximumvaluefromresourceswhileinuse.Companiesareexploringservice-basedmodels,suchasleasinginsteadofselling,toretainownershipofmaterialsandfacilitatetheirreturnandrefurbishment.D)Thethirdprincipleisaboutregeneratingnaturalsystems.Acirculareconomyseekstoenhancenaturalcapitalbyreturningvaluablenutrientstothesoilandotherecosystems.Practiceslikeregenerativeagriculture,whichimprovessoilhealth,andusingrenewableenergysourcesarecentraltothisprinciple.Itmovesbeyond"doinglessharm"toactivelyimprovingtheenvironment.E)Transitioningtoacirculareconomypresentsconsiderablechallenges.Itrequiressystemicchangeacrossglobalsupplychains,consumerbehaviorshifts,andsupportivepolicyframeworks.Currenteconomicincentivesoftenfavorlinearmodels.However,thepotentialbenefitsarevast,includingreducedenvironmentalimpact,decreaseddependencyonrawmaterials,innovation-driveneconomicopportunities,andenhancedresilienceagainstsupplychaindisruptions.16.Oneprincipleofthecirculareconomyinvolvesactivelyimprovingsoilqualityandecosystems.17.Theshiftfromalinearmodelrequireschangesinlawsandregulationstobesuccessful.18.Thecoreideaofacirculareconomyistoconsiderhowtoavoidcreatingwasteduringtheinitialproductdesignphase.19.Abusinessmodelwhereacompanyleasesproductstocustomersisanexampleofkeepingmaterialsincirculation.20.Thetraditionaleconomicmodelfollowsastraightforwardprocessofproduction,use,anddisposal.---PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术形式，拥有数千年的历史。它不仅仅是书写文字，更被视为一种心灵修炼和情感表达的方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度、速度和方向，创造出具有美感和个性的字符。每一幅书法作品都反映了艺术家的修养、情绪甚至品德。如今，书法不仅被中国人珍视，也吸引了世界各地越来越多的人学习和欣赏。它作为中国文化遗产的重要组成部分，继续在当代社会中焕发活力。---PartIVWriting(30minutes)(Note:ThispartisaduplicatepromptfortheWritingsection.Inanactualtest,onlyoneWritingtaskappears.Thisisincludedhereforformatcompleteness.PleaserefertoPartIfortheactualwritingtask.)---答案AnswerKeyPartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.E)isolated2.A)intentional3.D)vital4.K)cultivate5.L)publicly6.G)blur7.H)hinder8.F)mutual9.I)implement10.M)navigateSectionB11.B)Explaininghowphysicalbrainprocessescreatesubjectiveexperience.12.B)Braina